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CloseAuthors and Editors in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthAuthors and Editors in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthEditors-in-ChiefRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDeputy EditorsVanessa A Barss, MD, FACOGSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthAssociate Clinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAlana Chakrabarti, MDDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's HealthKristen Eckler, MD, FACOGDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthLecturer, Massachusetts General HospitalSection EditorsRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolVincenzo Berghella, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsDirector, Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson UniversitySusan Miller Briggs, MD, MPH, FACSSection Editor — Office GynecologyAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of International Trauma and Disaster InstituteMassachusetts General HospitalLinda Brubaker, MD, FACOGSection Editor — Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryClinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoTommaso Falcone, MD, FRCSC, FACOGSection Editor — Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineRochelle L Garcia, MDSection Editor — Obstetric and Gynecologic PathologyProfessor of PathologyAdjunct Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterDena Goffman, MDSection Editor — Labor and delivery/hemorrhageVice Chair for Quality & Patient SafetyEllen Jacobson Levine and Eugene Jacobson Professor of Women's Health in Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterAssociate Chief Quality Officer, ObstetricsNewYork-PresbyterianAssociate Dean for ProfessionalismOffice of Academic AffairsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterWilliam Grobman, MDSection Editor — Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor, Wexner School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Ohio State UniversityDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthCharles J Lockwood, MD, MHCMSection Editor — ObstetricsSenior Vice President, USF Health Dean, Morsani College of Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaWilliam J Mann, Jr, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryClinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineAmy McKenney, MDSection Editor — Perinatal PathologyStaff physician, Director of Perinatal PathologyPathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland ClinicLiina Poder, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor of Radiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSFMalavika Prabhu, MDSection Editor — Labor and deliveryAssistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCourtney A Schreiber, MD, MPHSection Editor — Family PlanningStuart and Emily Mudd Professor of Human Behavior & Reproduction Chief, Division of Family Planning Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterLynn L Simpson, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJody Steinauer, MD, MAS, PhDSection Editor — Family PlanningProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoErika F Werner, MD, MSLouis E. Phaneuf Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineChair, Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts Medical CenterLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolEditorial AssistantsEmily R Krakow, BAContent Editing AssociateAusma Palmer, BSContent Editing AssociateAuthorsJudith A Aberg, MDChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesGeorge Baehr Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiVikki M Abrahams, PhDProfessor, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesDirector, Division of Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineJacques S Abramowicz, MD, FACOG, FAIUMProfessor and Director, Ultrasound ServicesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ChicagoElaine J Abrams, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyColumbia UniversitySteven A Abrams, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Department of PediatricsDell Medical School at the University of Texas at AustinMauricio S Abrao, MDAssociate Professor & Director of Endometriosis DivisionObstetrics & Gynecology DepartmentSao Paulo University, BrazilKathryn E Ackerman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Ackerman, MD, PhDWindland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research ProfessorProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and PharmacologyDirector of the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics LaboratoryMayo ClinicJudith M Adams, DMUStaff, Reproductive Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General HospitalM Jacob Adams, MD, MPHAssociate Professor (retired)University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryAmanda Adeleye, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of ChicagoN Scott Adzick, MDC. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJennifer T Ahn, MD, FACOGNortheastern Ohio Medical UniversityMary A Albrecht, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark E Alexander, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolHaya M Al-Fozan, MDAssociate Professor, Infertility and Reproductive EndocrinologyKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesZahraa Al-Hilli, MD, FACS, FRCSIClinical Assistant Professor of SurgeryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityRebecca H Allen, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of OB/GYN and Medical Science Section of Medical EducationWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJonia Alshiek, MD, MScResearch scholar, Urogynecology subspecialistINOVA Health SystemCarolyn A Altman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMallika Anand, MD, MSInstructor, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School.Cande V Ananth, PhD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair for Academic AffairsChief, Division of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJRaymond M Anchan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarey K Anders, MDMedical DirectorBrain and Spine Metastases ProgramDuke Cancer InstituteDuke UniversityDeverick J Anderson, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterCaroline Apovian, MDMember of the Faculty, Harvard Medical SchoolCo-Director, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's HospitalBhooma Aravamuthan, MD, DPhilAssistant Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineKatherine W Arendt, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicAydin Arici, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineDeborah K Armstrong, MDProfessor of OncologyProfessor of Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer CenterAndrew Arnold, MDMurray-Heilig Professor of Molecular MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutDonald M Arnold, MD, MScAssociate Professor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityCanadian Blood ServicesStephanie J Arnold, FACD, MBBS (Hons), BSc (Hons)Consultant DermatologistChurchill Hospital Department of Dermatology, OxfordAntonio C Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDSDivision Chief, Infectious Diseases at Children's Hospital of Orange CountyClinical Professor, University of California Irvine Department of PediatricsRaul Artal, MD, FACOG, FACSMProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's HealthSaint Louis UniversitySawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyCo-Director, GynecologyDirector, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery and FellowshipDirector, Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Consultative ClinicUniversity of MichiganThomas Prescott Atkinson, MD, PhDProfessor, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRichard J Auchus, MD, PhDProfessor of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and DiabetesUniversity of MichiganMichael Auerbach, MD, FACPSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveClinical Professor of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicinePhyllis August, MD, MPHRalph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in MedicineDirector, Hypertension CenterDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionWeill Cornell Medical CollegeOrit Avni-Barron, MDInstructor in PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolRabih R Azar, MD, MPH, FACCProfessor of MedicineSt. Joseph University School of MedicineRicardo Azziz, MD, MBA, MPHResearch Professor, Dept Health Policy, Management, and BehaviorSchool of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNYProfessor, Dept of Ob/GynUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamGloria Bachmann, MD, MMSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPhilippe Backeljauw, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Center for Growth DisordersCincinnati Center for Pediatric & Adult Turner Syndrome CareCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterFloor J Backes, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of MedicineLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRebecca N Baergen, MDProfessor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCarol J Baker, MDProfessor of Pediatrics,McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonJamie N Bakkum-Gamez, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaRavikumar Balasubramanian, MBBS, PhD, MRCP(UK)Assistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarie R Baldisseri, MD, FCCMProfessor of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterDavid Baldwin, MA, DM FRCPsychProfessor of Psychiatry and Section Head, Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Southampton Faculty of MedicineNicolas Bamat, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaChantay Banikarim, MD, MPHDirector of Adolescent MedicineSt. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, PhoenixAmy Banks, MDFounding MemberThe International Center for Growth in ConnectionMatthew D Barber, MD, MHSChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke University Medical CenterRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAditya Bardia, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolWanda D Barfield, MD, MPH, FAAPDirectorDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionElizabeth Barkoudah, MDCo-Director Cerebral Palsy ProgramAssistant in Neurology; Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolVanessa A Barss, MD, FACOGSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthAssociate Clinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam H Barth, Jr, MDVice Chair, Obstetrics (Chief of Obstetrics)Massachusetts General HospitalCharles & Robert Montraville Green Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDeborah A Bartz, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalAhmet Alexander Baschat, MDProfessor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyMargaret C Bash, MD, MPHLaboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides OVRR, CBER US Food and Drug AdministrationJan Basile, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRalph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalLori A Bastian, MD, MPHSection ChiefGeneral Internal MedicineVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemYale UniversityCarol K Bates, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeau Batton, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of NeonatologySouthern Illinois School of MedicineKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMarie H Beall, MDLos Angeles Perinatal AssociatesPaula H Bednarek, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health & Science UniversityRichard H Beigi, MD, MScProfessor of Reproductive SciencesUPMC Magee Womens HospitalMichael A Belfort, MBBCH, MD, PhD, D.A. (SA), FRCSC, FRCOG, FACOGErnst W. Bertner Chairman and ProfessorFB McGuyer Family Endowed Chair in Fetal SurgeryDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyProfessorDepartment of SurgeryDepartment of AnesthesiologyDepartment of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefTexas Children's HospitalMedical DirectorTexas Children's Fetal CenterTexas Children's Pavilion for WomenShannon Bell, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineJennifer R Bellon, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolFederica Bellussi, MD, PhDResearch Fellow, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineThomas Jefferson University, PhiladelphiaVictoria Belogolovkin, MDObstetrix Medical GroupRon Beloosesky, MDAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentRambam Medical Center at the Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, IsraelKristin Bendikson, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, USC FertilityUSC Keck School of MedicineJonathan S Berek, MD, MMSLaurie Kraus Lacob ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineFellow, Stanford Distinguished Careers InstituteDirector, Stanford Women's Cancer CenterSenior Advisor, Stanford Cancer InstitutePamela Berens, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas, HoustonEric Bergh, MDAssistant Professor, Departments of Obstetrics & GynecologyThe Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann HospitalThe University of Texas McGovern Medical School at HoustonJonas Bergh, MD, PhD, FRCP (London UK)Professor of Oncology (Mimi Althainz' donation)Karolinska Institutet and University HospitalCancer Center KarolinskaStockholm, SwedenVincenzo Berghella, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsDirector, Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson UniversityLori R Berkowitz, MD, MBAAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRoss S Berkowitz, MDWilliam H. Baker Professor of GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterNicola Berlanda, MDAdjunct ProfessorObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyNancy Berliner, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolH Franklin Bunn Professor of Hematology and Chief, Division of Hematology Brigham and Women's HospitalBonnie L Bermas, MDProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterIra M Bernstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineJesse L Berry, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Clinical ScholarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaAsha B Bhalwal, MD, FACOG, MRCOGAssistant ProfessorFellowship Co-Director, Advanced Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesMcGovern Medical School at UTHealthMihir D Bhatt, MD, FRCPCAssistant Clinical Professor, Pediatric Hematology and OncologyMcMaster UniversityVinod K Bhutani, MD, FAAPProfessor, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineAngela Bianco, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterJaclyn A Biegel, PhDProfessor of PathologyUSC Keck School of MedicineLeslie G Biesecker, MDFellow, American Academy of Pediatrics Fellow, American College of Medical Genetics and GenomicsDistinguished Investigator, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH)Robert J Birnbaum, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolFrank M Biro, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineMichael J Birrer, MD, PhDVice ChancellorDirector, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteDirector, Cancer Service LineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesDeborah Blazey-Martin, MD, MPHGeneral Internal MedicineTufts Medical CenterIra J Bleiweiss, MDProfessor of PathologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaSubspecialty Director, Breast PathologySection of Surgical PathologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaAnthony Bleyer, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine/NephrologyWake Forest University School of MedicineMichael J Bloch, MD, FACP, FASH, FSVM, FNLAAssociate Professor, University of Nevada School of MedicineMedical Director, Vascular Care, Renown Regional Medical CenterPaul D Blumenthal, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Family Planning Services and Research Stanford University Medical CenterOlaf A Bodamer, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACMGPark Gerald Chair in Genetics and GenomicsAssociate Chief, Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolSuresh B Boppana, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineLiliana Bordeianou, MD, MPHProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph G Borer, MD, FAAP, FACSAssociate Professor in Surgery (Urology)Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Bladder Exstrophy ProgramBoston Children's HospitalDirector of Neurourology and UrodynamicsBoston Children's HospitalJudy C Boughey, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryW.H. Odell Professor in Individualized MedicineVice Chair of Research, Department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochester, MNRobin M Bowman, MDAssociate Professor of Neurological SurgeryNorthwestern University's Feinberg School of MedicineAnn and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoJennifer Boyle, MDClinical Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolObstetrician-Gynecologist at Massachusetts General HospitalKari P Braaten, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKristin A Bradley, MDProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthLinda D Bradley, MDProfessorObstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineMary L Brandt, MDProfessor of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of New OrleansMats Brännström, MD, PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Gothenburg, SwedenD Craig Brater, MDEmeritus DeanIndiana University School of MedicinePresidentRegenstrief FoundationMolly Brewer, DVM, MD, MSProfessorChief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCarole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterBeth Brickner, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterRobert E Bristow, MD, MBAChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California, Irvine - Medical CenterBryann Bromley, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology (part time)Massachusetts General HospitalDavid C Brooks, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolFlorence M Brown, MDSenior Staff Physician Joslin Diabetes CenterCo-Director Joslin and Beth Israel Deaconess Diabetes in Pregnancy ProgramAssistant Professor Harvard Medical SchoolHaywood L Brown, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologySenior Associate Vice President Academic Affairs, USF Health, Vice Dean Faculty AffairsAssociate Dean, Diversity, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida, TampaHeidi Brown, MD, MASAssistant Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthAllison Bryant, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolEdward P Buchanan, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Plastic SurgeryAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineDorothy I Bulas, MDProfessor of Radiology and PediatricsChildren’s National HospitalThe George Washington University Medical CenterRonald T Burkman, MDProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineBaystate Medical CenterSpringfield, MassachusettsKenneth D Burman, MDChief, Endocrine SectionMedstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DCProfessor, Department of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterAllison E Burnett, PharmD, PhC, CACPAntithrombosis Stewardship PharmacistUniversity of New Mexico HospitalClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyBrenda Bursch, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarold J Burstein, MD, PhDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMelissa Bush, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, IrvineCristiano E Busso, MDInfertility SpecialistProjeto ALFA, BrazilNancy F Butte, PhDDistinguished Emeritus Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJill P Buyon, MDProfessor of MedicineNew York University School of MedicinePeter H Byers, MDProfessor Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyProfessor Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics)University of WashingtonSeattle, WAAlison G Cahill, MD, MSCIProfessor, Department of Women's HealthDirector, Dell Medical School Health Transformation Research InstituteMichael S Calderwood, MD, MPHChief Quality OfficerDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthBrian T Caldwell, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric UrologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoDarlene A Calhoun, DOProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineDivision Chief NeonatologyNemours Children's HospitalClara Camaschella, MDFormer Professor of Internal MedicineVita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific InstituteSusana M Campos, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolInstitute Physician Dana Farber Cancer InstituteDirector of GYN Educational ActivitiesJoseph B Cantey, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioAstrid EP Cantineau, MD, PhDDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical CenterElyce H Cardonick, MDDivision of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Cooper Health System, Camden, New JerseyLisa A Carey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaLineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterSteve Caritis, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKaren J Carlson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNina M Carroll, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolRufus Cartwright, MBBS, MRCOG, MD, PhDSubspecialty Trainee Urogynaecology Oxford University Hospitals NHS TrustDaniela A Carusi, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert F Casper, MDProfessor, Division of Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Toronto, CanadaSenior InvestigatorLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMarc F Catalano, MD, FACG, FACP, FASGE, AGAFThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonProfessor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyAssistant Division Chief, Memorial Hermann Southeast Endoscopy & Chief of Therapeutic EndoscopyDirector of UT-MHH Advanced Endoscopy Training ProgramAaron B Caughey, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyAssociate Dean for Women's Health Research & PolicyOregon Health & Science UniversityMarcelle I Cedars, MDChief of the Division of Endocrinology and InfertilityUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichelle S Cespedes, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMariam R Chacko, MDDistinguished Professor EmeritusDepartments of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineAnees B Chagpar, MD, MSc, MA, MPH, MBA, FACS, FRCS(C)Section Editor — Breast SurgeryProfessor, Department of SurgeryYale University School of MedicineAlana Chakrabarti, MDDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's HealthA Bapsi Chakravarthy, MD, FASTROProfessorVanderbilt UniversityAnthony KC Chan, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCPathProfessor of PediatricsMcMaster University, CanadaYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children's HospitalGrace Chang, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey Chang, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of California, San DiegoStephen T Chasen, MDProfessor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyVice-Chair for Education, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversitySuneet P Chauhan, MD, Hon DScPrincipal Investigator, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Professor, McGovern Medical School at UTHealthAdjunct Professor, Bioengineering Department, Rice UniversityFelicia Chen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineKatherine T Chen, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceProfessor of Medical EducationIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLee-may Chen, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive SciencesDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterWendy Y Chen, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFrank A Chervenak, MDChair, Obstetrics and GynecologyLenox Hill HospitalChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology & Associate Dean for International Medicine Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyZucker School at Hofstra/NorthwellDennis S Chi, MDProfessor, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMember, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterGynecology Service, Department of SurgeryStephen Chia, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyDavid Chitayat, MD, FACMG, FCCMG, FRCPCProfessor of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoRowan T Chlebowski, MD, PhDChief, Division of Medical Oncology and HematologyHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CASanjiv Chopra, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Consultant in Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Marshall Wolf Master Clinician EducatorBrigham and Women's HospitalTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemVineet Chopra, MD, MScRobert W. Schrier Chair of MedicineProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineLorraine Chow, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of CalgaryRashmi Chugh, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDaniel C Chung, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKarine Chung, MD, MSCEReproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityCalifornia Fertility PartnersShannon M Clark, MD, MMSProfessor, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical Branch-GalvestonSteven Leigh Clark, MDProfessor, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of MedicineBrian J Cleary, PhDChief Pharmacist, Rotunda HospitalHonorary Clinical Associate Professor, School of PharmacyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandJane Cleary-Goldman, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMount Sinai Medical SchoolJ Quentin Clemens, MD, FACS, MSCIProfessor of UrologyDirector, Division of Neurourology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterMeredith Clement, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistAssistant ProfessorLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansJeffrey L Clemons, MD, FACOGUrogynecology & Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryMultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WAClinical Associate Professor, Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WAGilles Clermont, MDCM, MScProfessorDepartment of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDavid K Coats, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineSarah L Cohen Rassier, MD, MPHDivision of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryMayo ClinicDavid E Cohn, MD, MBADivision of Gynecologic Oncology Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Ohio State University College of MedicineInterim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical OfficerArthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research InstituteRobert L Coleman, MD, FACOG, FACSChief Scientific OfficerUS Oncology ResearchJoseph M Collaco, MD, MPH, MBA, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineLaura C Collins, MDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolVice Chair of Anatomic PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, BostonHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaWilson S Colucci, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineSteven E Come, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterKara Connelly, MD, MCRAssociate Professor of Pediatric EndocrinologyOregon Health & Sciences UniversityHeidi M Connolly, MD, FACC, FASESection Editor — Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolLouis S Constine, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and PediatricsVice ChairUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterSuzanne D Conzen, MDProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of Hematology and OncologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterSusan M Cooper, MB ChB, MRCGP, FRCP, MDConsultant Dermatologist and Honorary Senior Clinical LecturerOxford University HospitalsJoshua Copel, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive Sciences, and PediatricsYale School of MedicineCasey M Cosgrove, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterJean Tiffany Cox, MS, RD, LNVolunteer Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of New MexicoPatient Educator, Maternity and Family Planning ProgramUniversity of New Mexico HospitalSabrina Craigo, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineScott J Crow, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaWilliam F Crowley, Jr, MDSection Editor — Female Reproductive EndocrinologyDaniel K Podolsky Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark Crowther, MD, MScSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of Medicine and Pathology & Molecular MedicineSt Joseph’s Hospital and McMaster UniversityChristopher P Crum, MDDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalAdam Cuker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineF Gary Cunningham, MDProfessor and Holder of Beatrice and Miguel Elias Distinguished Chair in Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterGary C Curhan, MD, ScDSection Editor — Chronic Kidney DiseaseEditor-in-Chief EmeritusClinical Journal of the American Society of NephrologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBarbara H Curtis, CNM, MSNMassachusetts General HospitalF Michael Cutrer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAllison Dalton, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoVanessa K Dalton, MD, MPHProfessor and Associate Chair of ResearchDirector, Program on Women's Health Care Effectiveness ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolPhilip D Darney, MD, MScDistinguished Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Health Policy, EmeritusUniversity of California, San FranciscoStacie L Daugherty, MD, MSPHProfessor of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusJeremy L Davis, MD, FACSAssociate Research Physician, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesNirupama K De Silva, MDClinical ProfessorUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLinda S de Vries, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor in Neonatal NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Leiden University Medical CenterKathleen M Deakins, MHSA RRT NPS FAARCClinical Manager Women's & Children's Respiratory Care Pediatric Pulmonary Function & Infant MonitoringUH Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalJeanne M DeCara, MDProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAlan H DeCherney, MDChief, Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology BranchNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthEugene Declercq, PhDProfessorCommunity Health Sciences DepartmentBoston University School of Public HealthChristine Dehlendorf, MD, MASProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoMarcela G del Carmen, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalChief Medical Officer, Massachusetts General Physicians OrganizationGiuseppe Del Priore, MD, MPHProfessorMorehouse School of MedicineLinda M Delahanty, MS, RDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander M DeLeon, MDAssistant Professor in AnesthesiologyNorthwestern UniversityKiley Delgado, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorCenter for Cancer Risk Assessment (Cancer Genetics)Massachusetts General HospitalGail J Demmler-Harrison, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineLynette Denny, MD, PhDProfessor Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Cape TownGroote Schuur HospitalDirector of South African Medical Research CouncilGynaecology Cancer Research CentreLucia Z Diaz, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Texas Medical School at AustinCésar Díaz-García, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyLa Fe University Hospital, University of ValenciaMedical DirectorIVI-London, IVI-RMA GlobalCompany director, Gynesis LTDJustin T Diedrich, MD, MSCI, FACOGAssociate Director of Family PlanningEden SurgicalHarry C Dietz, MDSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseVictor A. McKusick Professor of Medicine and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicinePaul A DiSilvestro, MDProfessorProgram in Women's OncologyWomen and Infants HospitalAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityJ Michael Dixon, MDProfessor of Surgery and Consultant SurgeonEdinburgh UniversityAlice D Domar, PhDChief Compassion OfficerInception FertilityChyke Doubeni, MD, FRCS, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and SciencePamela S Douglas, MDUrsula Geller Professor of Research in Cardiovascular DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityMatthew Drago, MD, MBEAssistant Professor of PediatricsDivision of Neonatology Yale School of MedicineMonica Dragoman, MD, MPHSystem Director, Complex Family PlanningProgram Director, Complex Family Planning FellowshipRaquel and Jaime Gilinski Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMount Sinai Health SystemRichard H Drew, PharmD, MS, FCCP, FIDPProfessorCampbell University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesProfessor and Clinical PharmacistDuke School of MedicineFrank W Drislane, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPatrick Duff, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineStephanie Dukhovny, MDAssistant Professor, Maternal Fetal MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityAntoni J Duleba, MDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoCeleste Durnwald, MDAssociate Professor, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul Durrington, MDProfessor of MedicinePhysician to Manchester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of ManchesterLinda R Duska, MDLawrence Penniston Family Endowed Professor of Women’s Oncology ResearchAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of VirginiaCaryn Dutton, MD, MSInstructor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNatalie L Dykzeul, MS, LCGCPediatric Genetic CounselorDivision of Medical GeneticsStanford Children’s HealthJeffrey L Ecker, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKristen Eckler, MD, FACOGDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthLecturer, Massachusetts General HospitalKeith Eddleman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiThe Mount Sinai Health SystemAlison Edelman, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health and Science UniversityMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBrent M Egan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleVP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical AssociationAlexia Egloff, MDPediatric Radiologist & NeuroradiologistCentre for the Developing Brain, King's College LondonSt. Thomas' Hospital, United KingdomDavid A Ehrmann, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoRobert M Ehsanipoor, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology & ObstetricsMaternal-Fetal MedicineSinai Hospital of BaltimoreEric C Eichenwald, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMark H Einstein, MD, MS, FACS, FACOGSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s HealthAssistant DeanClinical Research Unit Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolKevin M Elias, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssistant Professor, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolEman Elkadry, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolJohn C Elkas, MD, JDAssociate ProfessorInova Teaching FacultyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityWilliam J Elliott, MD, PhDSection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and PharmacologyHead, Division of PharmacologyChair, Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WADavid H Ellison, MD, FASN, FAHAProfessor of Medicine and Physiology & PharmacologyOregon Health & Science UniversityJonathan Elmer, MD, MS, FNCSAssociate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAArthur Elster, MDClinical Associate ProfessorFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityS Jean Emans, MDMary Ellen Avery Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterChristopher S Ennen, MDMaternal-Fetal Medicine StaffAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineUta Erdbruegger, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaDoruk Erkan, MD, MPHAttending Rheumatologist, Hospital for Special SurgeryProfessor of Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineJessi Erlichman, MPHAdministrative Director of Clinical Research, GI DivisionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaKatharine Esselen, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura J Esserman, MD, MBAProfessor of Surgery and RadiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoDirectorUCSF Carol Franc Buck Breast Care CenterStephanie J Estes, MD, FACOGAssociate ProfessorDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPenn State Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustTommaso Falcone, MD, FRCSC, FACOGSection Editor — Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineLaura S Farach, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMichaela K Farber, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAntonio Farina, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyLisa J Farkouh, MDNorthwest Perinatal CenterPortland, OregonTola B Fashokun, MD, FACOGClinical Instructor, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineFaculty Attending, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency ProgramBart CJM Fauser, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Reproductive MedicineUniversity of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsLuigi Fedele, MDEmeritus Professor of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolColleen M Feltmate, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMary Feng, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoCaraciolo J Fernandes, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCecile Ferrando, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Center for Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health InstituteCleveland ClinicThomas M File, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary InfectionsProfessor of MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityMiriam FinePatient Perspective Author– Managing pain during labor and deliveryHelen V Firth, DM, FRCP, FMedSciSection Editor — GeneticsConsultant Clinical GeneticistAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UKJohn M Flack, MD, MPH, FAHA, FASH, MACPProfessor and Sergio Rabinovich Endowed Chair of Internal MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversityJessica Fleitman, MDHVICU director, Penn Presbyterian HospitalUniversity of Pennsylvania (August 2020)Gini Fleming, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Medical CenterGeorge Flesh, MDClinical Assistant Professor of OB/GYNHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph T Flynn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonPatricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisCynthia S Fok, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of UrologyUniversity of MinnesotaMichelle Forcier, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown UniversityJ Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineTheodoros Foukakis, MD, PhDDepartment of OncologyKarolinska Institutet and University HospitalStockholm, SwedenCaroline E Foust-Wright, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of Urology/Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts School of MedicineJeffrey M Fowler, MDGynecologic OncologistWomen's Oncology ServicesDeaconess, The Women's HospitalJosephine R Fowler, MD, MSc, FAAFPAssociate Professor & Vice Chair of Clinical ServicesDepartment of Family and Community HealthUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusetts Medical Society, Committee on Maternal and Perinatal WelfareMary Glenn Fowler, MD, MPHProfessorJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutesKarin A Fox, MD, MEdAssociate Professor, Fellowship Director, Co-Chief of Maternal-Fetal Surgery Section,Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalPhoebe E Freer, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyUniversity of Utah HospitalsHuntsman Cancer InstituteValerie French, MD, MASAssociate ProfessorUniversity of KansasRuth C Fretts, MD, MPHAtrius HealthHeather Frey, MD, MSCIAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOhio State University College of MedicineLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalLloyd N Friedman, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineYale School of MedicineMichael Frumovitz, MD, MPHProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterKeiichi Fujiwara, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologySaitama Medical UniversityEdmund F Funai, MDHospital Corporation of AmericaSuzanne A.W. Fuqua, PhDProfessor, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineDaniel E Furst, MDSection Editor — Treatment Issues in RheumatologyClinical professor, University of Washington, SeattleClinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyProfessor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis AssociatesDavid F Gaieski, MDProfessorSidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityStéphanie Gaillard, MD, PhDDirector, Gynecologic Cancer TrialsAssistant Professor, Oncology and Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineFrance Galerneau, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineDavid A Garcia, MDSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJoseph A Garcia-Prats, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAlan D Garely, MD, FACOG, FACSChair of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryMount Sinai South NassauProfessor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRockville Centre ManhattanSeema Garg, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel-HillAileen Gariepy, MD, MPH, MHSDirector of Complex Family PlanningDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineChristine D Garner, PhD, RD, CLCAssistant Professor, Department of PediatricsTexas Tech University School of MedicineIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceBradley N Gaynes, MD, MPHProfessor of Psychiatry, Associate Chair for Psychiatry Research Training and Education University of North Carolina School of MedicineRobert Gaynes, MDDistinguished Physician and Professor EmeritusEmory University School of MedicineJohn B Gebhart, MD, MSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of UrogynecologyMayo ClinicRobert L Geggel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJames N George, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterSuku George, MD, MPH, FACP, FACGClinical Assistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaGI Specialists of GeorgiaDemetra Georgiou, Principal Genetic Counsellor (GCRB)Principal Genetic Counselor, Genomic Medicine Imperial College Healthcare (Charing Cross Hospital)Bernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP, MACCEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Coronary Heart Disease; Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineDavid M Gershenson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterKhalil G Ghanem, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDeputy Director of EducationJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterAlessandro Ghidini, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterElsa-Grace Giardina, MD, MS, FACC, FACP, FAHAProfessor of MedicineDirector, Center for Women’s Health Columbia University Medical CenterWilliam E Gibbons, MDProfessorDivision of Reproductive EndocrinologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalAnne BS Giersch, PhDAssistant Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Gillen-Goldstein, MDDirector of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapyfor Madonna Perinatal AssociatesMineola, NYSusan L Gillespie, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDonna Gilmour, MD, FRCSCAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDalhousie UniversityElizabeth S Ginsburg, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Gitlin, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAMichael M Givertz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBertil Glader, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicinePhyllis Glanc, MD, FRCPC, FACRProfessor of Radiology, Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of TorontoStephen J Gluckman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineLaura M Goetzl, MD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair of Translational ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Texas, Houston Health SciencesBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterEric Goldberg, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineAry L Goldberger, MDSection Editor — ElectrocardiographyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDon L Goldenberg, MDSection Editor — Pain Disorders in RheumatologyEmeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineAffiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science UniversityAffiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences UniversityIlona T Goldfarb, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRose H Goldman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Professor of Environmental Health SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthSteven R Goldstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineMehra Golshan, MD, MBA, FACSProfessor of Surgery (Oncology)Yale School of MedicineAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponseJon Gould, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinWilliam J Gradishar, MDProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityGilbert J Grant, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyNew York University School of MedicineAna M Grau, MD, FACSAssociate ProfessorVanderbilt UniversityHeidi J Gray, MDProfessor and ChiefDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDept of OB/GYNUniversity of WashingtonJermaine E Gray, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJames Greenberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseySophie Grigoriadis, MD, MA, PhD, FRCPCAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreWilliam Grobman, MDSection Editor — Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor, Wexner School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Ohio State UniversityFran Grodstein, ScDEpidemiologistRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical CenterAdjunct Professor of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthFloris Groenendaal, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neonatology, Department of NeonatologyWilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center UtrechtAmos Grunebaum, MD, FACOGAssociate Director Obstetric QualityNorthwell HealthDebra Guinn, MD, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal Fetal Medicine Division DirectorObstetrical Services Medical DirectorDept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s HealthUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineAditi Gupta, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKalpana Gupta, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineChief, Infectious DiseasesBoston VA HCSRenu Gupta, MDLecturerUniversity of TorontoRobert E Gutman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and UrologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterFellowship DirectorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryWashington Hospital CenterHope K Haefner, MDHarold A. Furlong Professor of Women's HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Michigan MedicineBevra H Hahn, MDProfessor of Medicine (emeritus) in RheumatologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLARobert G Hahn, MD, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSadia Haider, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Family PlanningRush University Medical CenterAmy B Hair, MDAssistant Professor, Director of Neonatal NutritionTexas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of MedicineJanet E Hall, MDReproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolClinical Director, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesJacquelyn V Halliday, MSGenetic Counselor, Prenatal Diagnosis CenterWomen and Infants HospitalMargaret R Hammerschlag, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterCassing Hammond, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics & GynecologyNorthwestern UniversityM Elizabeth H Hammond, MD, FCAPProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineVictoria L Handa, MDProfessor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins UniversityGillian E Hanley, PhDFaculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia.Abilash Haridas, MD, FAANSChief of Pediatric NeurosurgeryCerebrovascular & Skull Base NeurosurgerySt. Joseph Children's HospitalMalini Harigopal, MDProfessor of PathologyYale University School of MedicineSeth P Harlow, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineJennifer Harrington, MBBS, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health NetworkIsiah D Harris, MD, MScAuthor/Director of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDivision of Recurrent Pregnancy LossSpring FertilitySarah Harris, MD, MSFellowDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineWake Forest Baptist HealthRichard Alan Harvey, PhDFormer Consultant Clinical Biochemist/Honorary LecturerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonElizabeth Hatch, PhDProfessor of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthMary Hawn, MDStanford Medicine Professor in SurgeryStanford UniversityDaniel F Hayes, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineEdward J Hayes, MDClinical Adjunct Assistant ProfessorObstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthRodney A Hayward, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of MichiganMichele Heath, LP, CCPPerfusionistDurham VA Medical CenterPamela Hebbard, MD, FRCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare ManitobaHolly L Hedrick, MDLouise Schnaufer Endowed Chair in Pediatric SurgeryProfessor of SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaWouter JK Hehenkamp, MD, PhDGynaecologistVU University Medical Center, AmsterdamMeadow Heiman, MS, LCGC, CCRCGenetic CounselorIndiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterC William Helm, MD, MBBChir, FRCS, MRCOGConsultant Gynaecological OncologistRobert G Hendrickson, MD, FACMT, FAACTSection Editor — ToxicologyMedical Director, Oregon Poison CenterProgram Director, Fellowship in Medical Toxicology ProfessorDepartment of Emergency MedicineOregon Health and Science University (OHSU)D Taylor Hendrixson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonN Lynn Henry, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMartee L Hensley, MD, MScAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical OncologyMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChristina A Herrera, MD, MCSIAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillThomas J Herzog, MDDeputy DirectorUniversity of Cincinnati Cancer CenterHelai Hesham, MD, FACOGAssistant ProfessorColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsJohn R Hess, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSylvia Hewitt, MSSenior Research Associate, Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, RDBLNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthAnna Maria Hibbs, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsCare Western Reserve UniversitySusan Hickenbottom, MD, MSAdjunct Associate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganDirector, Stroke ProgramSt. Joseph Mercy Health SystemCharles B Hicks, MDProfessor of Medicine (Voluntary Faculty)University of California, San DiegoKarl F Hilgers, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Hypertension ResearchFriedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-NurembergVice Chair, Department of Nephrology and HypertensionErlangen University HospitalKatherine P Himes, MD, MSCRAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineOlaf Hiort, MDProfessorUniversity of LübeckAriel Hirsch, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyBoston University Medical CenterIrl B Hirsch, MDSection Editor — Diabetes MellitusProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMichael Hirsch, MDInstructor in PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolMichelle A Hladunewich, MD, FRCPC, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoJacqueline Ho, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLauri Hochberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Imaged Based Gynecology ServiceUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineMitchel S Hoffman, MDProfessorMoffitt Cancer CenterUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineG Justus Hofmeyr, MDProfessorUniversity of BotswanaUniversity of the WitwatersrandWalter Sisulu University, South AfricaTheresa Hoke, PhD, MPHDirectorHealth Services ResearchFHI 360Cynthia Holcroft Argani, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineChristine H Holschneider, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAMunther K hom*oud, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineEwout J Hoorn, MD, PhDProfessor of NephrologyErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsMark D Hornstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNeil S Horowitz, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Clinical Research, Gynecologic OncologyBrigham and Women's HospitalChristopher P Houk, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorgia Regents UniversityRenee M Howard, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoHeather Huddleston, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesCenter for Reproductive HealthDivision of Reproductive Endocrine and InfertilityObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)Brenna L Hughes, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke UniversityWarner K Huh, MDMargaret Cameron Spain Chair in Obstetrics/GynecologyProfessor, Division of Gynecologic OncologySenior Scientist, UAB Comprehensive Cancer CenterChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMenno V Huisman, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsThierry A.G.M. Huisman, MD, PD, FICIS, FACRProfessor of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery and OBGYNBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USARussell D Hull, MBBS, MScEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Calgary, CanadaHye-Chun Hur, MD, MPH, FACOGAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNancy M Hurst, PhD, RN, IBCLCAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineSara A Hurvitz, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterJutta Huvila, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuRobert C Hyzy, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterRebecca Ichord, MDProfessor, Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaCheryl Iglesia, MD, FACOGProfessorDepartments of ObGyn and UrologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineJohn R Ingram, MD, PhDSenior Lecturer and Consultant DermatologistDivision of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomLesley A Inker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichael R Irwin, MDCousins Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAProfessor of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and SciencesClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchOlav Istre, MD, PhDProfessor, Deptartment ofObstetrics and GynecologySouth Danish UniversityOdense, DenmarkUnyime Ituk, MBBS, FCARCSIAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaUniversity of IowaRonald E Iverson, Jr, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston UniversityBertrand L Jaber, MD, MS, FASNProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBrian P Jacob, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of SurgeryMount Sinai Medical CenterJesse T Jacob, MDProfessor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)Emory University School of MedicineSudarshan R Jadcherla, MD, FRCP (Irel), DCH, AGAFProfessor of Pediatrics & Associate Division Chief of NeonatologyThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalAllan S Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Medical SchoolOluwatosin Jaiyeoba Goje, MD, MSCRAssistant Professor of SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicMaija Jakobsson, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorHelsinki University HospitalHead of the Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHUCH Hyvinkää hospitalAndra H James, MD, MPHProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics & Gynecology Consulting Professor of Medicine Duke UniversityPaula James, MD, FRCPCProfessor Department of MedicineQueen's UniversityDenise J Jamieson, MD, MPHProfessor and ChairDepartment of Gynecology & ObstetricsEmory University School of MedicineLauren M Jansson, MDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineProfessor of PediatricsJ Eric Jelovsek, MD, MMEd, MSDS, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke UniversityVictoria Jennings, PhDProfessor EmeritaGeorgetown UniversityArun Jeyabalan, MD, MSCRAssociate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineBonnie N Joe, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingChiefUCSF Breast ImagingKaren E Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineNatasha R Johnson, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterNaima T Joseph, MD, MPH, MADivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School, Boston MASvena Julien, MDAssistant Professor of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDirector of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Services, Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest HospitalChristopher Kabrhel, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolVirginia Kaklamani, MD, DScProfessor of MedicineLeader, Breast Oncology ProgramMays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioJörg C Kalff, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center, BonnBliss Kaneshiro, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Hawaii, John A Burns School of MedicineAmer Karam, MDClinical ProfessorAssociate Director and Director of OutreachDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineS Ananth Karumanchi, MDVisiting Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolMedallion Chair in Vascular BiologyCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los AngelesAkshat Katyayan, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineAndrew M Kaunitz, MDProfessor and Associate ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleAnn Kellams, MD, IBCLC, FAAP, FABMProfessor, Division of General PediatricsVice Chair of Clinical Affairs, Department of PediatricsDirector, UVA Breastfeeding Medicine ProgramUniversity of VirginiaMark A Kelley, MD, MACPVisiting Scholar, Harvard Business SchoolPhysician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalSusan Kellogg Spadt, CRNP, PhDProfessor, OBGYNDrexel University College of MedicineProfessor, Human SexualityWidener UniversityAlex R Kemper, MD, MPH, MSProfessor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalKimberly Kenton, MD, MS, FACOG, FACSProfessor, Obstetrics & GynecologyChief, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, ILJennifer Kerns, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, San FranciscoJoshua P Kesterson, MDMedical Director, Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Cancer CenterUPMC Central PARosanne M Kho, MDHead, Section of Medical Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryProgram Director, Fellowship in MIGSOb/Gyn & Women's Health InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHElizabeth A Kidd, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityAoife Kilcoyne, MB, BCh, BAOInstructor in RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlie C Kilpatrick, MDAssociate Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineSarah J Kilpatrick, MD, PhDChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAssociate Dean for Faculty Development and DiversityCedars-Sinai Health CenterEugene S Kim, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineJae H Kim, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineMary C Kimmel, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUNC Chapel HillStephen E Kimmel, MD, MSProfessor of EpidemiologyUniversity of FloridaGretchen Kimmick, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAlice King, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalSheryl Kingsberg, PhDChief, Division of Behavioral Medicine MacDonald Women’s Hospital/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterProfessor, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineWendy L Kinzler, MD, FACOGAssociate Dean, Graduate Medical EducationDesignated Institutional OfficialNYU-Langone Hospital Long IslandProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyNicole W Kittler, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey D Klausner, MD, MPHClinical Professor of Medicine, Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaSteven Kleinman, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of British Columbia, VancouverMichael Klompas, MD, MPHProfessor of Population MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaphne Knicely, MD, MEHPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineBhavani-Shankar Kodali, MDChief of Obstetric AnesthesiologyUniversity of Maryland Medical CenterProfessor of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineChief Safety Officer, Department of AnesthesiologyAssistant Director, Maryland Anesthesiology Program in Simulation (MAPS)Yuko M Komesu, MDProfessor EmeritusObstetrics, Gynecology and UrogynecologyThe University of New MexicoPanagiotis A Konstantinopoulos, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGynecologic Medical Oncology ProgramDana Farber Cancer InstituteKenneth S Korach, PhDNIH Emeritus Scientist, Reproductive & Developmental Biology LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of HealthSuresh Kotagal, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNRhonda K Kotarinos, DPT, MSKotarinos Physical Therapy, Ltd.Urogynecology Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Florida, TampaReinhard Kramar, MDFormer Head of Department of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen- Wels, AustriaRanga Krishnan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryRush UniversityJonathan B Kruskal, MD, PhDSection Editor — Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKapil Kumar, MDClinical Instructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenthil Kumar, MS, FRCS (Ed), FRCS (Gen Surg), CCT (UK)Head, Department of Liver Transplantation & HPB surgeryContinental HospitalsHyderabad, IndiaWendy Kuohung, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineShana Kusin, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyOregon Health and Science UniversityBlandine Laferrère, MDProfessor of Medicine, Obesity Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsStephen LaFranchi, MDProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityLeah Lalor, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMark B Landon, MDRichard L Meiling Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineHelain J Landy, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineDirector, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineMedStar Georgetown University HospitalUta Landy, PhDNational DirectorRyan Residency Training ProgramFellowship in Family PlanningUniversity of California, San FranciscoRoberto M Lang, MDProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoJacob C Larkin, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChristine Laronga, MD, FACSProfessorMoffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaLucia E Larson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAnita LaSala, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics-GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterSarah Lassey, MDInstructor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarc R Laufer, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolShannon K Laughlin-Tommaso, MDConsultant and Assistant Professor, Division of Gynecology, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolLaura Laursen, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorRush University Medical SchoolElizabeth A Lawson, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGweneth B Lazenby, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaDan I Lebovic, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University, St. LouisChristoph I Lee, MD, MSProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineHannah Lee, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMedical College of VirginiaKimberly G Lee, MD, MS, IBCLCClinical Professor of Pediatrics (Neonatology)Medical University of South CarolinaMen-Jean Lee, MDKosasa Endowed Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HawaiiRichard H Lee, MDProfessor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSusanna I Lee, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalLisa Leffert, MDChief, Yale Department of AnesthesiologyNicholas M Greene, ProfessorYale MedicineLara M Leijser, MD, PhD, MScAssistant Professor in Neonatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteMario M Leitao, Jr, MDAssistant MemberDivision of Gynecology Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterLawrence LK Leung, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationMaureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthJami C Levine, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMichael D Levine, MDDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLynne L Levitsky, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBarbara S Levy, MD, FACOGClinical Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive ScienceUCSD HealthClinical Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorge Washington UniversityAndrew John Li, MDCo-Director, Women’s Reproductive Cancers Center of ExcellenceDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterHealth Sciences Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAOrfeas Liangos, MD, FASNAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJennifer Ligibel, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKee-Hak Lim, MDClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineNancy U Lin, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDana Farber Cancer InstituteAdult OncologyKeith D Lindor, MDSection Editor — Alcoholic and Metabolic Liver DiseaseProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDean, College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaQuinn Lippmann, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianVirginia UrologyRichmond, VirginiaShane T Lipskind, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineBabak Litkouhi, MDAssistant ProfessorStanford School of MedicineJennifer K Litton, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterElizabeth Liveright, MDAssistant Professor in OB/GYNThomas Jefferson University School of MedicineMichael D Lockshin, MD, MACRDirectorBarbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Obstetrics-GynecologyJoan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell UniversityCharles J Lockwood, MD, MHCMSection Editor — ObstetricsSenior Vice President, USF Health Dean, Morsani College of Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaSherene Loi, MD, PhDProfessor of OncologyThe Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneAustraliaAnna SF Lok, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolKathleen M Loomes, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMonica Esperanza Lopez, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatric SurgeryVice Chair, Surgical Quality and Evidence-based ProgramsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at VanderbiltCharles L Loprinzi, MDRegis Professor of Breast Cancer ResearchMayo Clinic College of MedicineJudith A Lothian, RN, PhD, LCCE, FAANProfessorSeton Hall University College of NursingJudette Louis, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of South FloridaKaren H Lu, MDProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterEmily S Lukacz, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego HealthDeirdre J Lyell, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineStanford University Medical CenterJeffrey M Lyness, MDSenior Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterAlice Ma, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineThe Medical Alumni Loyalty Fund Distinguished Teaching ProfessorUniversity of North CarolinaCynthia X Ma, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisGretchen MacCarrick, MS, CGCSenior Genetic Counselor, Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityCharles G Macias, MD, MPHChief Quality Officer/Vice Chair Quality & Safety-University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve UniversityWendy Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew P MacKenzie, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ConnecticutDirector of Maternal Fetal MedicineSt Francis Hospital and Medical CenterGeorge Macones, MD, MSCEProfessor and Chair, Department of Women's HealthDell Medical School-University of Texas at AustinTessa Madden, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University in St. Louis, School of MedicineLawrence C Madoff, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEverett Magann, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MFM Fellowship DirectorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences (UAMS)Javier F Magrina, MDBarbara Woodward Lipps ProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Gynecologic SurgeryMayo Clinic, AZUrania Magriples, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyYale University School of MedicineUma Mahadevan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSangeeta T Mahajan, MDHead, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgerySokolov and Miller Families Endowed Chair in FPMRSProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterNeal G Mahutte, MDMedical DirectorThe Montreal Fertility CenterGretchen Makai, MDDirector, Minimally-Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Christiana Care Health SystemAtul Malhotra, MDPeter C Farrell Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMark J Manary, MDHelene B Roberson Professor of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. LouisJess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF, FRCPSection Editor — Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseKenneth M. Moser Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal MedicineUC San Diego School of MedicineLaurent Mandelbrot, MDChair of Obstetrics and GynecologyLouis Mourier HospitalProfessor of MedicineUniversité de ParisGeorge T Mandy, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJohannes FE Mann, MDProfessor of MedicineFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergWilliam J Mann, Jr, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryClinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineFrank A Manning, MDMaternal-Fetal MedicineEnvision HealthcareAntonis S Manolis, MDProfessor of CardiologyAthens University School of MedicineLynette J Margesson, MD, FRCPC, FAADAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Obstetrics and GynecologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthGiancarlo Mari, MD, MBAThe Ruhlman Family Chair in Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals,Cleveland, OHEdward R Mariano, MD, MAS, FASAProfessor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford University School of MedicineMerry Jennifer Markham, MD, FACP, FASCOProfessor and Chief, Division of Hematology & OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAssociate Director, Medical Affairs, UF Health Cancer CenterMaurie Markman, MDClinical Professor of MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePresident, Medicine & ScienceCancer Treatment Centers of AmericaLawrence B Marks, MDDepartment of Radiation OncologyUNC Hospitals and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillMartin S Maron, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseAssistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineChristina M Marra, MDProfessor of Neurology, Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)University of Washington School of MedicineCamilia R Martin, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell MedicineKathryn A Martin, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Endocrinology and Patient EducationAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineStephanie R Martin, DOMedical Director, Clinical Concepts in ObstetricsJoan M Mastrobattista, MDProfessor of Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineUltrasound Clinic ChiefDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineErin Mathes, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoTej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCPSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of MedicineProfessor of Urology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDev Maulik, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologySenior Associate Dean for Women's HealthThe University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of MedicineSharon E Maynard, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaJessica N McAlpine, MD, FACOG, FRCPSCProfessorDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of British Columbia and BC CancerLaurence B McCullough, PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyZucker School of Medicine of Hofstra/NorthwellEthics Scholar, Lennox Hill HospitalThomas McElrath, MD, PhDProfessor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolSharon McGrath-Morrow, MD, MBAProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonaryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDerek R McHaffie, MDAttending PhysicianLevine Cancer InstituteCarolinas Medical CenterJennifer J McIntosh, DO, MSAssociate Professor of Maternal Fetal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinTiffany M McKee-Garrett, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJakob I McSparron, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAssociate Director, Critical Care Medicine UnitProgram Director, Fellowship in Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MichiganC Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJoan Y Meek, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical SciencesFlorida State University College of MedicineBabak Mehrara, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryCornell Weill Medical CenterAnkit Mehta, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, DallasAssociate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency, Baylor University Medical Center, DallasTejas S Mehta, MD, MPH, FACR, FSBIAssociate Professor of RadiologyDirector of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Population Health in RadiologyUMass Memorial Medical Center/UMass Chan Medical SchoolGerda Meijler, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistIsala Women and Children’s HospitalSamantha Meltzer-Brody, MD, MPHAssociate Professor and Associate Chair for Faculty DevelopmentDirector, UNC Perinatal Psychiatry ProgramUNC Center for Women’s Mood DisordersLissa M Melvin, MDBaylor College of MedicineThe Children's Hospital of San AntonioSanaz Memarzadeh, MD, PhDProfessor Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLADirector G.O. Discovery LaboratoryShawn A Menefee, MDVoluntary Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, San DiegoDivision HeadDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoLinyan Meng, PhD, FACMGAssistant Professor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineSofia D Merajver, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMark R Mercurio, MD, MAProfessor of PediatricsChief, Neonatal-Perinatal MedicineDirector, Yale Pediatric Ethics ProgramYale University School of MedicineGeralyn M Messerlian, PhDProfessor of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityTorri D Metz, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveAssociate ProfessorMaternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Utah HealthJeffrey A Meyerhardt, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDana-Farber Cancer InstituteAlain Meyrier, MDProfessor of Medicine (Emeritus)Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, FranceElizabeth Micks, MD, MPHAffiliate Associate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of WashingtonMark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorPulmonary Sciences and Critical CareAssociate Chief Medical Officer, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAndrea Milbourne, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of TexasDavid A Miller, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesDavid T Miller, MD, PhD, FACMGAssociate Professor, PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJena Miller, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyKaren K Miller, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura J Miller, MDMedical Director of Reproductive Mental HealthVeterans Health AdministrationRussell Miller, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMedical Director, Carmen and John Thain Center for Prenatal PediatricsDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterMadhusmita Misra, MD, MPHFritz Bradley Talbot and Nathan Bill Talbot Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCaroline Mitchell, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School Director, Vulvovagin*l Disorders ClinicMassachusetts General HospitalMohamed FM Mitwally, MD, HCLD, FACOGMedical DirectorReproductive Endocrinology & InfertilityBaptist Medical CenterJason S Mizell, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesSheila K Mody, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoKenneth J Moise Jr, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Women's HealthDirector, Comprehensive Fetal Care Center at Dell Children's Dell Medical SchoolBruce A Molitoris, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineAna Monteagudo, MDClinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCarnegie Imaging for WomenKathleen M Moore, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Gyn OncologyStephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma HSCDaniel M Morgan, MDAssociate ProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of MichiganJames P Morgan, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineLeslie Moroz, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health SciencesYale School of MedicineMary E Morris, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid A Morrow, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid B Mount, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate/Clinical Chief, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalRenal Division, VA BostonLeah K Moynihan, RNC, MSNReliant Medical GroupElizabeth R Mueller, MD, MSME, FACSProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartments of Urology and Obstetrics/GynecologyLoyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineTristi W Muir, MDChairwomanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyHouston Methodist HospitalArno J Mundt, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyChairman of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San DiegoMichael G Muto, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie Myatt, PhD, FRCOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health and Science UniversityCharles W Nager, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoMaurice Nahabedian, MDProfessor of Plastic SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University – Inova BranchNational Center for Plastic SurgeryCraig Nelson, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoCatherine Nelson-Piercy, MA, FRCP, FRCOGProfessor of Obstetric MedicineGuy's & St. Thomas Foundation TrustRemi Neviere, MDProfessorUniversity Hospital CHU of MartiniquePaul Newey, MDSenior Lecturer in Endocrinology, Division of Molecular & Clinical MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical School, University of DundeeSara Newmann, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoPatrick Niaudet, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of PediatricsHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceKarin Nielsen-Saines, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Infectious DiseasesUCLA Mattel Children's Hospital David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDDmitriy Nikolavsky, MDProfessor, Department of UrologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityVicki Nisenblat, MDVisiting Research Fellow and Senior Clinical LecturerDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of MedicineRobinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideConsultant, Fertility SAHeather Nixon, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoRobert J Norman, MDEmeritus Professor of Reproductive and Periconceptual MedicineRobinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideSubspecialist in Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityMary E Norton, MDProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical and Translational GeneticsDavid E Thorburn, MD and Kate McKee Thorburn Endowed Chair in Perinatal Medicine and GeneticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalNawal M Nour, MD, MPHAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Nyirjesy, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityAnthony Odibo, MD, MSCEVirginia S Lang Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Chief, MFM and UltrasoundVice Chair for ObstetricsWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisDepartment Obstetrics and GynecologyDonough J O'Donovan, MDClinical Lecturer in PediatricsNational University of Ireland, GalwayLiza C O'Dowd, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChristopher M Oermann, MDProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineHideki Ogiwara, MD, PhDChief, Division of NeurosurgeryNational Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanRobin Ohls, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of UtahProfessor Emerita of PediatricsUniversity of New MexicoEmily Oken, MD, MPHAlice Hamilton Professor Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteProfessor in the Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthKutluk Oktay, MD, PhD, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemAlexander B Olawaiye, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of PittsburghMary A O'Neal, MDDirector of Women's NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalPuneet Opal, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityThomas L Ortel, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine & PathologyHemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke UniversityMatt Oster, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAssociate Professor of Public HealthEmory University Rollins School of Public HealthDavid W Ouyang, MDClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineNorth Shore University Health SystemUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineYinka Oyelese, MD, FACOGDirector of Obstetric UltrasoundBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MATulin Ozcan, MDMaternal Fetal Medicine SpecialistInova Medical CampusNeha Pagidipati, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of CardiologyDuke University Medical SchoolMichael J Paidas, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineChief of Service, University Health Tower, University of MiamiChief of Service, Jackson Health SystemDebra L Palazzi, MD, MEdProfessor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases SectionBaylor College of MedicineJoel M Palefsky, MDProfessorUniversity of California San FranciscoPast President, International Papillomavirus SocietyPast President, International Anal Neoplasia SocietyPaul M Palevsky, MDSection Editor — Acute Kidney InjuryProfessor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMark R Palmert, MD, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of TorontoDivision of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick ChildrenGlenn E Palomaki, PhDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMohan Pammi, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRamesha Papanna, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyProgram Director, Fetal Intervention FellowshipCo-Director, The Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann HospitalThe University of Texas McGovern Medical School at HoustonMarie Fidela R Paraiso, MD, FACOG, FPMRSVice Chair, OBGYN and Women's Health InstituteProfess or Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western UniversityAmy J Park, MDSection Head, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryOB/GYN & Women's Health Institute, Cleveland ClinicJoong Shin Park, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University College of Medicine, KoreaMargaret G Parker, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Memorial Medical SchoolWilliam H Parker, MDClinical ProfessorOb Gyn and Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineAnn H Partridge, MD, MPHDirector, Adult Survivorship ProgramDana-Farber Cancer InstituteProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMaitray D Patel, MDProfessor of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaRajita Patil, MD, FACOGAssistant Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJaimey M Pauli, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyChief, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineMilton S Hershey Medical CenterAllison Payne, MD MSProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityJeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhDClarence E. Ehrlich Professor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineAntonio Pellicer, MDProfessorInstituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI)Constantino Pena, MDMedical Director of Vascular ImagingMiami Cardiac & Vascular InstitutePage B Pennell, MDChair, Department of NeurologyHenry B. Higman Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRichard T Penson, MD, MRCPAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Peppercorn, MDProfessor of Medicine EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolRafael Perez-Escamilla, PhDProfessor of Public HealthYale School of Public HealthLeigh Perreault, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAssociate Professor of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthRonald D Perrone, MDSection Editor — Cystic DiseaseProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineAlissa Perrucci, PhD, MPHCounseling & Administrative ManagerUniversity of California, San FranciscoBeth N Peshkin, MS, CGCProfessor of Oncology, Certified Genetic CounselorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchEskild Petersen, MD, DMSc, DTM&HProfessor, ConsultantSpecialist of Infectious Diseases and Tropical MedicineAarhus University Hospital Skejby, DenmarkJoseph B Philips III, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamGrace W Pien, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJoAnn V Pinkerton, MD, FACOG, NCMPProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Head Midlife HealthUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterExecutive Director Emeritus, The North American Menopause SocietySara E Pinney, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaNelly Pitteloud, MDProfessor in MedicineLausanne University SwitzerlandMarie Plante, MDFull Professor of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyL'Hôtel-Dieu de QuébecCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de QuébecLaval UniversitySteven C Plaxe, MDProfessor, Reproductive MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineKatherine D Pocius, MD, MPHInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director of Family PlanningDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalMarc A Pohl, MDPast, Ray W. Gifford, Jr., MD Endowed Chair in HypertensionConsultant StaffDepartment of Nephrology and HypertensionGlickman Urologic and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicMiriam Keltz Pomeranz, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyNew York University School of MedicineAthena Poppas, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrown University School of MedicineRichard P Porreco, MDObstetrix Medical Group of ColoradoDenver, ColoradoLucilla Poston, PhDProfessor of Maternal and Fetal HealthKing's College LondonCamille E Powe, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolAnna Maya Powell, MD MScAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMatthew A Powell, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDirector, Gynecologic Oncology FellowshipSarah Prager, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolGlenn M Preminger, MDSection Editor — Renal Ureteral StonesProfessor of Urologic SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDirector of EducationEndourological SocietyGregory A Price, PhDMicrobiologist/InspectorUS Food and Drug AdministrationKathleen I Pritchard, MD, FRCPCProfessor EmeritaDivision of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMedical OncologistSunnybrook Odette Cancer CentreSenior ScientistSunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, CanadaJordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRSProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of WashingtonKaren M Puopolo, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineCharles T Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterLieschen H Quiroz, MDProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryOklahoma University Health SciencesBenjamin A Raby, MD, MPHSection Editor — GeneticsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCatherine Racowsky, PhDProfessor Emerita of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolUniversity Consultant, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, FranceNaren Ramakrishna, MD, PhDDirector of Neuro and Pediatric Radiation OncologyOrlando Health Cancer InstituteProfessor of Radiation Oncology University of Central Florida College of MedicinePatrick S Ramsey, MD, MSPHProfessor, OB/GYN Chief, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDirector, Maternal-Fetal Medicine FellowshipMedical Director, Maternal TransportUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalSonja A Rasmussen, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and EpidemiologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsChristine C Reardon, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineNancy Reau, MDProfessor of MedicineRichard B. Capps Chair of HepatologyChief, Section of Hepatology Associate Director, Solid Organ TransplantationRush University Medical CenterAndrei Rebarber, MDClinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiPresident, Carnegie Imaging for Women, PLLCPresident, Maternal Fetal Medicine Assoc, PLLCJhansi Reddy, MD, FACOGAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineRaymond W Redline, MDProfessor of Pathology and Reproductive BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineSusan D Reed, MD, MPHProfessor, Vice ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology AdjunctDepartment of EpidemiologyHarborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDavid E Reichman, MDAssistant ProfessorThe Ronald O Perelman Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineNew York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJohn P Reilly, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicineMara H Rendi, MD, PhDDepartment of Anatomic PathologyUniversity of WashingtonHospital Pathology AssociatesMinneapolis, MNAlex Reyentovich, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNYU Langone School of MedicineAndrew L Reynolds, MDClinical Associate ProfessorResidency Program DirectorDepartment of OphthalmologyRoss Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at BuffaloJames D Reynolds, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyState University of New York at BuffaloW Stuart Reynolds, MD, MPH, FACSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyFemale Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterLeslie M Rickey, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorYale School of MedicineLaura E Riley, MDChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalSteven Ringer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsGeisel School of MedicineBritton D Rink, MD, MSDirector of Perinatal GeneticsMount Carmel Health SystemsColumbus, OhioArieh Riskin, MD, MHA, PhDDepartment of NeonatologyBnai Zion Medical Center, IsraelClinical Associate ProfessorRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, IsraelDrucilla J Roberts, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolVictoria Roberts, PhDResearch Assistant ProfessorDivision of Reproductive SciencesOregon Health and Science UniversityJulian N Robinson, MDChief Medical Officer and Senior Vice PresidentNewton Wellesley HospitalAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam R Robinson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic Oncology and Hematology/Oncology University of Mississippi Medical CenterMeredith Rochon, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineChief, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Ob/GynLehigh Valley Health NetworkLinda H Rodgers, MGC, CGCGenetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk AssessmentJohn F Rodis, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyFrank H Netter MD School of MedicineQuinnipiac UniversityDiana Rodriguez, MD, MPH, MBA, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine, Steward Healthcare and Baystate Medical CenterLecturer, George Washington School of BusinessLecturer, GE Healthcare (Ultrasound)Tufts Medical SchoolAndrea H Roe, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaRebecca G Rogers, MDProfessor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbany Medical SchoolStephen J Rogerson, PhDProfessorDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the Doherty InstituteThe University of MelbourneAshley S Roman, MD, MPHSilverman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineStephanie T Ros, MDAssociate Professor of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of South FloridaEva Tejero Rosa, MS, CGCSupervisor/Lead Genetic CounselorAtlantic Health SystemHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIlene M Rosen, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMitchell Rosen, MD, HCLDProfessor University of California San FranciscoHenry Rosenberg, MDPresident Emeritus, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United StatesScott B Rosenfeld, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and ScoliosisBaylor College of MedicineRobert L Rosenfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAdjunct Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemEmily Rosenthal, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineBoston University/Boston Medical CenterMara Rosner, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyMitchell H Rosner, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Ross, MDProfessor of Sexual Health and HIVDepartment of Sexual Health and HIVUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustMichael G Ross, MD, MPHDistinguished Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJean-Michel Roué, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Brest, FranceJayanta Roy-Chowdhury, MD, MRCP, AGAF, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNamita Roy-Chowdhury, PhD, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePaul J Rozance, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Neonatal MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverJonah N Rubin, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterKathryn J Ruddy, MD, MPHDirector of Cancer Survivorship, Department of OncologyProfessor of OncologyMayo ClinicCarolyn D Runowicz, MDExecutive Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyFlorida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineBruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLDSection Editor — Cirrhosis and Its ComplicationsSpecial Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New MexicoA John Rush, MDProfessor EmeritusNational University of Singapore, Duke-NUSAndrea L Russo, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMelissa L Russo, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Clinical GeneticistAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityKaren Russo-Stieglitz, MDConsulting PerinatologistMorristown Medical CenterKenneth G Saag, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamPaul Sabbatini, MDAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterMichael S Sabel, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolJoyce A Sackey, MD, FACPClinical Professor and Associate DeanDept of Medicine/Primary Care & Population HealthStanford University School of Medicine Joshua D Safer, MD, FACPExecutive Director, Center for Transgender Medicine and SurgeryMount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRitu Salani, MD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAWael Salem, MD, MS MPhilAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaIan R Sanderson, MDProfessor of Pediatric GastroenterologyBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryRichard J Santen, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterDonika Saporito, MS, CGCCertified Genetic CounselorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterAndrew J Satin, MD, FACOGThe Dorothy Edwards Professor and Director of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineWilliam H Sauer, MDDirector, Cardiac ElectrophysiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalJacqueline Saw, MD, FRCPC, FACCClinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolLeonhard Schaffer, MDProfessorHead of Obstetrics Kantonsspital Baden AGAffiliated Hospital of the University of ZurichGlenn L Schattman, MDAssociate Professor of Reproductive MedicineThe Ronald O Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineThe Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityMichael Schatz, MD, MSClinical Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicinePamela L Scheinman, MDAttending PhysicianDerm Institute of ChicagoRobert S Schenken, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioRachel Schiff, PhDProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineMichael L Schilsky, MD, FAASLDMedical Director, Adult Liver Transplant Yale-New Haven Transplantation CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Transplantation and ImmunologyYale University Medical CenterKathleen M Schmeler, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterGregory A Schmidt, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational MedicineUniversity of IowaKaren M Schneider, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science - HoustonMcGovern Medical SchoolJ Kenneth Schoolmeester, MDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJohn O Schorge, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAnne F Schott, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of MichiganKasmintan A Schrader, MBBS, FRCPC, PhDMedical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaPeter H Schur, MDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Basic ScienceProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPeter E Schwartz, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineTodd J Schwedt, MD, MSCIProfessor of NeurologyMayo ClinicWilliam E Scorza, MDChief of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineLehigh Valley Physician GroupAngeles Alvarez Secord, MD, MHScDuke University Medical CenterEllen W Seely, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSofia Segura-Perez, MS, RDDirector, Nutrition UnitHispanic Health CouncilEmre Seli, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineNeil S Seligman, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterElizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPHProfessor of Epidemiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthPearl H Seo, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorSylvester Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami School of MedicineWaldo Sepulveda, MDDirector, FETALMEDMaternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Santiago, ChileDavid Seres, MDSection Editor — NutritionDirector of Medical NutritionProfessor of Medicine in the Institute for Human NutritionColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsAnna K Sfakianaki, MDDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineBat Zion Shachar, MDDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineTel Aviv Medical CenterAmit A Shah, MD, MSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineAmir A Shamshirsaz, MDAssistant Professor of Maternal Fetal Medicine/Surgical Critical CareDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary Critical CareTexas Children's Hospital/Pavilion for WomenBaylor College of Medicine Aryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FASAEmeritus Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineEnglewood Hospital and Medical CenterAdjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareRutgers New JerseyCaitlin Shannon, MPHResearch and Evidence LeadCARE USAAmy D Shapiro, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and thrombosisMedical Director, Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterAdjunct Senior Investigator, Clinical TrackBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Milwaukee)Priyanka Sharma, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterNatalie Shaw, MD, MMScLasker Clinical Research ScholarPediatric Neuroendocrinology GroupNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NIH)Adjunct Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke UniversityJean-Ju Sheen, MDJean-Ju SheenAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterJeanne S Sheffield, MDProfessor, Division Director, Maternal-Fetal MedicineDept. Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins MedicineRenée Shellhaas, MD, MSAssociate Dean for Faculty Promotions & Career DevelopmentProfessor, Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisJan L Shifren, MDVincent Trustees Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolGrace Shih, MD, MASAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of WashingtonKarin K Shih, MDAssistant ProfessorObstetrics & GynecologyZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellThomas D Shipp, MD, RDMSAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolS Abbas Shobeiri, MD, FACS, FACOGProfessor and Vice Chair, Gynecologic SubspecialtiesINOVA Women’s Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityAdjunct Professor, BioengineeringGeorge Mason UniversityBaha M Sibai, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine DivisionDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesThe University of Texas Medical School at HoustonTanya Siddiqi, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationCity of Hope National Medical CenterNazema Y Siddiqui, MD, MHScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Urogynecology & Reconstructive PelvicMark D Siegel, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineReed Siemieniuk, MDGeneral internist and Health research methodologistDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster UniversityCaroline Signore, MD, MPHEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentWilliam M Sikov, MD, FACP, FNCBCAssociate Professor of MedicineObstetrics and GynecologyWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityRobert M Silver, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineHyagriv N Simhan, MD, MSProfessorExecutive Vice Chair, Obstetrical Services Department of Ob/Gyn/RSUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMedical Director of Obstetrical ServicesMagee-Womens Hospital of UPMCRebecca Simmons, MDHallam Hurt Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaSara Ellis Simonsen, CNM, MSPH, PhDAssociate Professor and Annette Poulson Cumming Presidential Endowed Chair in Women's & Reproductive HealthCollege of NursingAdjunct Associate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterAdjunct Associate ProfessorFamily and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health Science CenterLynn L Simpson, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsKamaljeet Singh, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversitySamuel C Siu, MD, SM, MBASection Editor — Pregnancy and Heart Disease; Adult Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western OntarioAdjunct Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, and GynecologyUniversity of TorontoPriscilla J Slanetz, MD, MPH, FACRProfessor of RadiologyBoston University Medical CenterMaria J Small, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke University Medical CenterJames F Smith, MD, D.BioethicsProfessor, Department of Medical EducationCreighton University School of MedicineJodi Smith, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonJudith A Smith, PharmD, BCOP, CPHQ, FCCP, FHOPA, FISOPPAssociate Professor and DirectorWomen's Health Integrative Medicine Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health McGovern Medical SchoolMeghan B Smith, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityUniversity of Southern CaliforniaNicole A Smith, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRoger P Smith, MDAdjunct ProfessorVirginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineVincent C Smith, MD, MPHAssociate Professor in Pediatrics, Boston University Medical SchoolDivision Chief of Newborn Medicine, Boston Medical CenterHannah F Smitherman, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsPediatric Clerkship DirectorBurnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian UniversityAttending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cook Children's HospitalCharles Jason Smithers, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityPeter J Snyder, MDEditor-in-Chief — EndocrinologySection Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSérgio Reis Soares, MDDirectorValencian Infertility Institute (IVI) - Lisbon, PortugalJack D Sobel, MDProfessorWayne State University School of MedicineSarita Sonalkar, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family PlanningUniversity of PennsylvaniaMurat Sonmezer, MDProfessor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAnkara University School of Medicine, TurkeyDavid E Soper, MDProfessor and Senior Medical Director of Women's HealthMedical University of South CarolinaJoseph A Sparano, MDDeputy DirectorTisch Cancer InstituteChief, Division of Hematology/OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiEzra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer TherapeuticsMichael E Speer, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJeanne Spencer, MDProgram DirectorConemaugh Family Medicine ResidencyCatherine Spong, MDProfessor, Obstetrics and GynecologyChief Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineUniversity of Texas-Southwestern Medical CenterDavid Spragg, MD, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical CenterPeter P Stanich, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDirector, Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary PolyposisThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterNancy Stanwood, MD, MPH, FACOG, FSFPChief Medical Officer, Planned Parenthood of Southern New EnglandClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale UniversityMichael P Stany, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Gynecologic OncologySt. Thomas Midtown HospitalF Bruder Stapleton, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSusan Stapleton, DNP, CNM, FACNMChairResearch Committee for The American Association of Birth CentersClinical Vice ChairCommission for the Accreditation of Birth CentersPrincipal Author of the National Birth Center Study, 2005-2007Ann R Stark, MDProfessor in Residence of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Faculty Development, Department of NeonatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterS J Steggerda, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyJody Steinauer, MD, MAS, PhDSection Editor — Family PlanningProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoMarkus J Steiner, PhDSenior EpidemiologistFHI 360Courtney D Stephenson, DO, FACOGClinical ProfessorUNC Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineFetal InterventionRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryDennis L Stevens, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDonna Stewart, CM, MD, FRCPCUniversity Professor of Psychiatry, Ob-Gyn, Medicine, Surgery, Anesthesia, and Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Toronto and University Health NetworkElizabeth A Stewart, MDConsultant and Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic and Alix School of MedicineJane Stewart, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolElena Stoffel, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDirector, Cancer Genetics ClinicUniversity of MichiganJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicJoanne Stone, MDDirectorDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineProfessorMount Sinai Medical SchoolKatherine M Stone, MDMedical EpidemiologistNaomi E Stotland, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoThomas G Stovall, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of TennesseePamela Stratton, MDSenior GynecologistIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthJ Michael Straughn, Jr, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRobert A Strauss, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillBruce E Strober, MD, PhDClinical ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineAlison Stuebe, MD, MScProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineJennifer A Sutter, MDClinical Associate ProfessorBrody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityV Reid Sutton, MDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHans Sviggum, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaMayo ClinicHarold Szerlip, MD, FACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKFClinical Professor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaAdjunct Professor of MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineAlphonse Taghian, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolDanielle S Takacs, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalSidhartha Tan, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineVin Tangpricha, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineJasmine Tan-Kim, MDVoluntary Assistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoLynn T Tanoue, MDProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineNicholas P Taylor, MDSection Chief of Gynecologic OncologySt. Lukes HospitalTemple UniversityEng-Kiong Teo, MDGastroenterologistChangi General Hospital, SingaporeWilliam P Tew, MDAssociate MemberMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew York Presbyterian HospitalRavi I Thadhani, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Department of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterArthur C Theodore, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineHolger Thiele, MD, FESCProfessor of MedicineDirectorHeart Center Leipzig at University of LeipzigGeorge Thomas, MD, MPH, FACP, FASNDirector, Center for Blood Pressure Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineTonya N Thomas, MDAssociate Staff in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryCenter for Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health InstituteCleveland ClinicB Taylor Thompson, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrea R Thurman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyCONRAD Clinical Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolEllen Tilden, PhD, CNM, RN, FACNMAssistant ProfessorOregon Health and Science UniversitySchool of Nursing Department of Nurse-Midwifery and School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIlan E Timor-Tritsch, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of OB/GYN UltrasoundNew York University School of MedicineAlan Thevenet N Tita, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Maternal Fetal Medicine DivisionDirector, Center for Women's Reproductive Health University of Alabama at BirminghamAaron Tobian, MD, PhDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineProfessor of Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology Director, Transfusion Medicine DivisionSchool of Medicine Bloomberg School of Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniversityMarc R Toglia, MDDirector, Urogynecology Associates of PhiladelphiaChief, Division of Urogynecology - Mainline HospitalsAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PARoulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MDDirector, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – BrooklynClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone HealthTadanori Tomita, MDYeager Professor, Division of Pediatric NeurosurgeryAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineEmanuel C Trabuco, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of UrogynecologyMayo ClinicErin E Tracy, MDAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolIndi Trehan, MD, MPH, DTM&HAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Global Health, and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonPauline T Truong, MDCMClinical Professor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of British ColumbiaCanadaWendy Tsang, MDAssistant ProfessorToronto General HospitalUniversity of TorontoFrank F Tu, MD, MPHVice Chair for Quality & Division Director, GynecologyNorthShore University HealthSystemClinical ProfessorUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineSusan Tuddenham, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Johns HopkinsTogas Tulandi, MD, MHCM, FRCSC, FACOG, FCAHSProfessor and Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologyMilton Leong Chair in Reproductive MedicineMcGill University, CanadaDavid Turok, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahDirector, Division of Family PlanningDirector, Family Planning FellowshipLaurence C Udoff, MDReproductive EndocrinologistGenetics and IVF InstituteRenata R Urban, MDAssociate ProfessorGynecologic OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineFidel A Valea, MDProfessorZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversitySystem Chief of Gynecologic OncologyNorthwell Health Cancer InstituteAndré P van Beek, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen, the NetherlandsFrank van Bel, MD, PhDProfessor of Neonatology Emeritus, Department of Neonatology Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center, Utrecht, The NetherlandsSanne M van der Kooij, MD, PhDGynaecologistNoordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Den HelderCatherine Van Poznak, MDAssociate Professor Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganMichael W Varner, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterJoseph Varon, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FRSMProfessor of Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonClinical Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical BranchSara R Vazquez, PharmD, BCPS, CACPClinical PharmacistUniversity of Utah HealthJohn Vella, MD, FACP, FRCP, FASN, FASTSection Editor — Kidney TransplantationAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineShambhavi Venkataraman, MDChief of Breast Imaging, UMass Memorial Health Alliance-Clinton HospitalAssistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Medical CenterPaolo Vercellini, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyElliott P Vichinsky, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoAlex C Vidaeff, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineSimone Vigod, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoAdele Viguera, MDDirector of Research, Women’s Mental Health; Assistant Professor in PsychiatryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineSandeep Vijan, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganBetty R Vohr, MDProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityNeeta Vora, MDProfessorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineWillis H Wagner, MDProfessor of SurgeryDivision of Vascular SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterCarol A Waksmonski, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterAnna Wald, MD, MPHSection Editor — Sexually Transmitted DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WashingtonArnold Wald, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, MadisonZachary Wendell Walker, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolL Lewis Wall, MD, DPhilSelina Okin Kim Conner Professor Emeritus in Arts and SciencesProfessor Emeritus of Anthropology and Obstetrics & GynecologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MODaniel J Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThe David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAEric Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRobin Wallace, MD, MASCampus Health Services, University of North CarolinaPlanned Parenthood South AtlanticManfred Wallner, MDDepartment of Internal Medicine IVSection of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen - Wels, AustriaMark D Walters, MDProfessor of SurgeryUrogynecology and Pelvic Floor DisordersObstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicLee Warner, PhD, MPHChief, Women’s Health and Fertility Branch, Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAlice J Watson, MD, MPHAttending DermatologistBrigham and Women’s HospitalAssistant Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph R Wax, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineDonald L Weaver, MDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineAndrew Weeks, MD, MRCOGProfessor of International Maternal HealthSanyu Research UnitUniversity of LiverpoolElisabeth K Wegner, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineSven Wehner, PhDProfessor of Immune PathophysiologyUniversity Medical Center, BonnAmy Weil, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine and Social MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAaron S Weinberg, MD, MPhilNational Director of Program Development & Clinical Research at Carbon Health Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMilena M Weinstein, MD, FACOGAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalLeonard E Weisman, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCorrine K Welt, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineKatharine D Wenstrom, MDProfessor of Medical ScienceAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityAmanda Whitaker, MDAssistant Professor-PracticeNationwide Children’s HospitalOrthopaedic SurgeryThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineHarold C Wiesenfeld, MD, CMProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineHans Wildiers, MD, PhDDepartment of General Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumMultidisciplinary Breast CenterUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDeanne Wilson-Costello, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector of High Risk Follow-upRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalBeverly Winikoff, MD, MPHPresident, Gynuity Health ProjectsProfessor of Clinical Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversitySelma F Witchel, MDDirector, Pediatric Endocrinology, Fellowship Training Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineCynthia A Wong, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaUniversity of Iowa HealthcareJulia S Wong, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolRonald J Wong, BASenior Research Scientist, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineJason D Wright, MDSol Goldman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsMichael J Wright, MBChB, MScConsultant in Clinical GeneticsNorthern Genetics ServiceNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustYvonne Wu, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoBlair J Wylie, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterKangpu Xu, PhD, HCLDProfessor of Embryology in Clinical Reproductive MedicineDirector, Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetics Center for Reproductive Medicine and InfertilityWeill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityJoel Yager, MDSection Editor — Eating DisordersProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineHideko Yamauchi, MDAdjunct InstructorDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery,Juntendo University School of MedicineDirector of Breast Surgical OncologyBreast CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyo, JapanCatheryn Yashar, MDProfessor of Radiation Medicine and Applied SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoAmber M Yates, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSigal Yawetz, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKimberly A Yonkers, MDKatz Family Endowed ChairProfessor and Chair of the Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial HealthcareG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaMichael P Young, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Nevada at Reno School of MedicineSera L Young, MA, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Anthropology & Global Health StudiesFellow, Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityAlan S L Yu, MB, BChirHarry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterElaine W Yu, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAngela S Yuan, MDUrogynecologistTrinity Health of New EnglandTheodore H Yuo, MD, MScAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineNikolaos Zacharias, MD, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist and Director of Medical Education, Obstetrix Medical Group of HoustonMaternal-Fetal Medicine Consultant, Saint Joseph's Medical Center, HoustonClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics/Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Houston College of MedicineHoward A Zacur, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineCarolyn M Zelop, MDClinical Professor of Ob/GynNew York University School of MedicineChloe Zera, MD, MPHDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical CenterLee C Zhao, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Urology and Plastic SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthRoland Zimmermann, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of ZurichOliver Zivanovic, MDAttending SurgeonMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssistant ProfessorCornell Weill Medical CollegeStéphane Zuily, MD, MPH, PhDProfessor of MedicineNancy School of Medicine of Lorraine UniversityAttending PhysicianVascular Medicine Division, Nancy Academic HospitalPeer ReviewersBarbara Abrams, DrPH, RDProfessor of Epidemiology, Public Health Nutrition and Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthAmanda Adeleye, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of ChicagoMobolaji O Ajao, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRebecca N Baergen, MDProfessor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityThomas Beatty, MDChair, Obstetrics and GynecologyNewton-Wellesley HospitalClinical Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolRichard H Beigi, MD, MScProfessor of Reproductive SciencesUPMC Magee Womens HospitalAlfred Bent, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyDalhousie University IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova ScotiaVincenzo Berghella, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsDirector, Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson UniversityJoseph R. Biggio Jr., MD, MSAdjunct Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamAssociate System Chair for Women’s Services, Maternal Fetal MedicineOchsner Health SystemDebra L Birenbaum, MDDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDartmouth Hitchco*ck Medical CenterPietro Bortoletto, MD, MSCReproductive Medicine Specialist & Director of Reproductive SurgeryBoston IVFDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolE. Christine Brousseau, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityLinda Brubaker, MD, FACOGSection Editor — Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryClinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoDaniela A Carusi, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAaron B Caughey, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyAssociate Dean for Women's Health Research & PolicyOregon Health & Science UniversityJane Chueh, MDClinical ProfessorDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford UniversityShannon M Clark, MD, MMSProfessor, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical Branch-GalvestonJoshua Copel, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive Sciences, and PediatricsYale School of MedicinePhilip D Darney, MD, MScDistinguished Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Health Policy, EmeritusUniversity of California, San FranciscoShannon Davids, MDClinical InstructorThomas Jefferson University HospitalSidney Kimmel Medical CollegeChristina Davidson, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Vice Chair of Quality & Patient Safety, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Baylor College of MedicineChief Quality Officer, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Texas Children’s HospitalStacie Denning, BS, BA, RNMaternal Fetal Medicine Nurse Coordinator & Clinical Training PartnerTexas Children’s Hospital, Pavilion for WomenSridevi Devaraj, PhD, DABCC, FACBProfessor of Pathology and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineMara J Dinsmoor, MD, MPHEmeritusUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineKhady Diouf, MDInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey L Ecker, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKeith Eddleman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiThe Mount Sinai Health SystemEsther Eisenberg, MD, MPHMedical Officer Project Scientist, Reproductive Medicine NetworkFertility and Infertility BranchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIHCatherine Eppes, MD, MPHBaylor College of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision on Maternal-Fetal MedicineChief of Obstetrics, Ben Taub HospitalRuth M Farrell, MD, MA, FACOGVice Chair of Research, OB/GYN and Women's Health InstituteCleveland ClinicAssociate Professor of OB/GYN and Reproductive MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolKarl B Fields, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical ExaminationProfessor of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandColleen M Fitzgerald, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryLoyola University Medical CenterAlhambra Frarey, MD, MSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyPenn MedicineChristine D Garner, PhD, RD, CLCAssistant Professor, Department of PediatricsTexas Tech University School of MedicineElizabeth S Ginsburg, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLaura M Goetzl, MD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair of Translational ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Texas, Houston Health SciencesAlisa B Goldberg, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector, Division of Family PlanningBrigham and Women’s HospitalDirector, Clinical Research and TrainingPlanned Parenthood League of MassachusettsRandi H Goldman, MDAssistant ProfessorDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellJessica Taylor Goldstein, MDJessica Taylor Goldstein, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of New MexicoAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponseAmos Grunebaum, MD, FACOGAssociate Director Obstetric QualityNorthwell HealthDouglass S Hale, MD, FACOG, FACSAssociate Clinical ProfessorIndiana University/Methodist HospitalChristina A Herrera, MD, MCSIAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRonald E Iverson, Jr, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston UniversityBethelen Johnson, MD, MPHSutter Medical GroupNatasha R Johnson, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKimberly Kenton, MD, MS, FACOG, FACSProfessor, Obstetrics & GynecologyChief, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, ILElizabeth Kettyle, CNM, MSN, MPHTeaching Associate in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Nurse MidwifeDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyWarren Alpert Medical School Brown UniversityWomen and Infants HospitalAnastasia Koniaris, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKaty B Kozhimannil, PhD, MPAAssistant ProfessorDivision of Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of Minnesota School of Public HealthCharles Kunos, MD, PhDDirector of Gynecologic Radiation OncologyCASE Comprehensive Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve UniversityDouglas W Laube, MD, MEdProfessor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMarc R Laufer, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLee A Learman, MD, PhDDean and Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyVirginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineBarbara S Levy, MD, FACOGClinical Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive ScienceUCSD HealthClinical Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorge Washington UniversityStacy Tessler Lindau, MD, MAPPProfessorObstetrics and Gynecology and Medicine – GeriatricsUniversity of ChicagoGary H Lipscomb, MD, FACOGProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Department of Family MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TNCharles J Lockwood, MD, MHCMSection Editor — ObstetricsSenior Vice President, USF Health Dean, Morsani College of Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaGeorge Macones, MD, MSCEProfessor and Chair, Department of Women's HealthDell Medical School-University of Texas at AustinJoan M Mastrobattista, MDProfessor of Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineUltrasound Clinic ChiefDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineBrigid McCue, MDLead Ob/Gyn HospitalistOchsner Health SystemOchsner Baptist HospitalKaren R Meckstroth, MD, MPHAssociate Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoRebecca Mercier, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, OB-GYNSidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityDavid A Miller, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesCaroline Mitchell, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School Director, Vulvovagin*l Disorders ClinicMassachusetts General HospitalThomas R Moore, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Reproductive MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineStephanie Morris, MDClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolArno J Mundt, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyChairman of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San DiegoMichael G Muto, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristina Muzny, MD, MSPHAssociate Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamMary E Norton, MDProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical and Translational GeneticsDavid E Thorburn, MD and Kate McKee Thorburn Endowed Chair in Perinatal Medicine and GeneticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalMarisa R Nucci, MDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolAnne-Marie Amies Oelschlager, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyChief of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle Children's HospitalLuis D Pacheco, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and AnesthesiologyDivisions of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Surgical Critical CareUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, GalvestonAlison Packard, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGlenn E Palomaki, PhDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityWilliam H Parker, MDClinical ProfessorOb Gyn and Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineJaimey M Pauli, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyChief, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineMilton S Hershey Medical CenterJohn C Petrozza, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristian Pettker, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineNancy Phillips, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Center for Vulvovagin*l HealthUMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolLiina Poder, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor of Radiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSFT Flint Porter, MD, MPHProfessor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal-Fetal Medicine Fellowship Program DirectorUniversity of Utah Health SciencesChief of Maternal-Fetal MedicineIntermountain Medical Center and LDS HospitalIntermountain HealthcareMalavika Prabhu, MDSection Editor — Labor and deliveryAssistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolEva K Pressman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of RochesterHolly E Richter, PhD, MDProfessor and J Marion Sims Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Division Women's Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBritton D Rink, MD, MSDirector of Perinatal GeneticsMount Carmel Health SystemsColumbus, OhioDrucilla J Roberts, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristopher Robinson, MD, MSCR, FACOGCharleston Maternal Fetal Medicine, Founding PartnerRoper Saint Francis HealthcareCorinne Rocca, PhD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineGeorge R Saade, MDJennie Sealy Smith Distinguished ChairProfessor, Ob/Gyn & Cell Biology Chief of Obstetrics & Maternal-Fetal MedicineDirector, Perinatal Research Division University of Texas Medical BranchMegan O Schimpf, MD, MHSAProfessor, Obstetrics and Gynecology & Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryAmbulatory Care Clinical Chief (ACCC), Obstetrics and GynecologyAmbulatory Care Unit (ACU) Medical Director, Von Voigtlander Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic University of MichiganEllen W Seely, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnna K Sfakianaki, MDDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineAlireza A Shamshirsaz, MD, FACOGAssociate Professor, Fetal Surgeon/Maternal-Fetal MedicineChair, Fetal Center Steering CommitteeChief, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery Director, Fetal Surgery FellowshipCo-Chief, Maternal Fetal Surgery SectionDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's Fetal Center, Texas Children's HospitalHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterJade Shorter, MD, MSHP Clinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of Medicine Robert M Silver, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineLynn L Simpson, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsRachel C Sisodia, MDAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalDaniel W Skupski, MDProfessor of Obstetrics & GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineChairman, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Director of Maternal Fetal MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian/QueensJack D Sobel, MDProfessorWayne State University School of MedicineDavid E Soper, MDProfessor and Senior Medical Director of Women's HealthMedical University of South CarolinaJody Steinauer, MD, MAS, PhDSection Editor — Family PlanningProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoPamela Stratton, MDSenior GynecologistIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthAshley Stuckey, MDProgram in Women’s OncologyGynecologic Oncology and Breast SurgeryWomen & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode IslandAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityLaurie S Swaim, MDProfessor EmeritaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baylor College of MedicineMishka Terplan, MD, MPH, FACOG, DFASAMAdjunct FacultyUniversity of California, San FranciscoPremal H Thaker, MDAssistant Professor in Gynecologic OncologyWashington University School of MedicineMark Turrentine, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorThe University of Texas Medical School, HoustonChii-Ruey Tzeng, MDDeanProfessor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCollege of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, TaiwanMilena M Weinstein, MD, FACOGAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalErika F Werner, MD, MSLouis E. Phaneuf Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineChair, Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts Medical CenterLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School

CloseAuthors and Editors in GeriatricsAuthors and Editors in GeriatricsEditors-in-ChiefKenneth E Schmader, MDSection Editor — GeriatricsEditor in Chief — Geriatric MedicineChief, Division of GeriatricsDuke UniversityDirector, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CentersDeputy EditorsJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Section EditorsKenneth E Schmader, MDSection Editor — GeriatricsEditor in Chief — Geriatric MedicineChief, Division of GeriatricsDuke UniversityDirector, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CentersEditorial AssistantsAva Garcia, BAContent EditorAuthorsEvan Adelstein, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyAlbany Medical CollegeAlbany, NYKathryn Agarwal, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineMarc Agronin, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMary A Albrecht, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGabriel S Aldea, MDSection Editor — Cardiac SurgerySection Editor — Cardiac SurgeryProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonMichael Alexander, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolLarry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSAProfessor of MedicineMedical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and TransplantationUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineSonia Ancoli-Israel, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Professor of ResearchUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineHugo J Aparicio, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineJulian M Aroesty, MDClinical Associate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolVineet Arora, MD, MAPPProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoMaryam Asgari, MD, MPHProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolAntoine Azar, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineGloria Bachmann, MD, MMSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineZuhair K Ballas, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa and Iowa City VASheila Barnett, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolJason JS Barton, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Canada Research ChairMedicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology, and Visual SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolNoleen Bennett, PhD, MPHAssociate ProfessorInfection Control ConsultantVICNISS Coordinating Centre/National Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipPeter Doherty Institute for Infections and ImmunityMelbourne School of Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneElie Berbari, MD, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJonathan S Berek, MD, MMSLaurie Kraus Lacob ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineFellow, Stanford Distinguished Careers InstituteDirector, Stanford Women's Cancer CenterSenior Advisor, Stanford Cancer InstituteDan Berlowitz, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Massachusetts-Lowell Department of Public HealthBrian Berman, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus, Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineJeffrey S Berns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaNeal Bhatia, MDDirector of Clinical DermatologyTherapeutics Clinical ResearchJohn D Bisognano, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and CardiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterNikolas H Blevins, MDAssociate ProfessorStanford University Medical CenterSharon L Bober, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBarry A Borlaug, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineCynthia M Boyd, MD, MPHProfessor Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins Department of MedicineWilliam T Branch, Jr, MDCarter Smith Senior Professor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineJeffrey A Breall, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineStephen JD Brecker, MD, FRCP, FESC, FACCSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseConsultant Cardiologist & Professor of CardiologySt. George's Hospital & St. George’s University of LondonWilliam Breitbart, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityChairmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterDaniel C Brennan, MD, FACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Kidney TransplantationProfessor of MedicineMedical Director and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyJohns Hopkins Medical SchoolCalvin A Brown, III, MD, FAAEMAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonStephanie S Buss, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSteven C Campbell, MD, PhDGlickman Urological and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicLouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolKaren J Carlson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Carr, MDProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisMichael Cary, PhD, RNAssociate Professor of NursingDuke UniversityJulia F Charles, MD, PhDAssociate PhysicianBrigham and Women's HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAntonia F Chen, MD, MBADirector of Research, Arthroplasty ServicesBrigham and Women's HospitalAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolLee-may Chen, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive SciencesDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterPeijun Chen, MD, MPH, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineStaff Geriatric Psychiatrist, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System Cleveland VA Medical CenterKelvin L Chou, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolToni K Choueiri, MDDirector, The Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolApril Christensen, MD, MSMayo ClinicJayer Chung, MD, MScAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineJ Quentin Clemens, MD, FACS, MSCIProfessor of UrologyDirector, Division of Neurourology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterHarvey Jay Cohen, MDDirector, Center for the Study of AgingWalter Kempner Professor of MedicineChair Emeritus, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityCathleen Colon-Emeric, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterWilson S Colucci, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineChristopher Colwell, MDChief of Emergency MedicineZuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma CenterProfessor and Vice-Chair, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California at San Francisco School of MedicineCraig V Comiter, MDProfessor of Urology, Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineStephanie Cooper, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMark A Creager, MD, FAHA, FACC, MSVMSection Editor — Vascular MedicineDirector, Heart and Vascular CenterDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAnna Gundlach Huber Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthMarita Cross, PhDResearch FellowUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchMarianna Crowley, MDSenior Deputy EditorDeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBrett L Cucchiara, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineMiles Dalby, MD, FRCP, FESCConsultant CardiologistRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustSenior LecturerImperial College, LondonAdam de Havenon, MD, MSAssociate professor of NeurologyYale School of MedicinePrakash C Deedwania, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineMark E Deffebach, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLinda M Delahanty, MS, RDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony DeSantis, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLeticia Alle Deveza, MD, PhDDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyAnna L Dickerman, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityBradford C Dickerson, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristoph F Dietrich, MD, MBAProfessor of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversityFrankfurt & Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und PermancenceEllen D Dillavou, MDSection Editor — Arterial and Venous AccessDivision Chief of Vascular Surgery for Wake Med HospitalsRaleigh, North CarolinaElizabeth A Dinces, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical OtolaryngologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineChyke Doubeni, MD, FRCS, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceShannon M Dunlay, MD, MSProfessor of Health Services Research and MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMarc Dweck, MD, PhDConsultant Cardiologist and Professor of Clinical CardiologyUniversity of EdinburghKim A Eagle, MD, MACCAlbion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganBrent M Egan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleVP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical AssociationJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAGreg A Erens, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineRandall T Espinoza, MD, MPHProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry andMuriel Harris Endowed Chair of Geriatric PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAArthur T Evans, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineKathleen M Fairfield, MD, DrPHVice Chair, Department of MedicineMaine Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJeanne Farnan, MD, MHPEProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoTola B Fashokun, MD, FACOGClinical Instructor, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineFaculty Attending, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency ProgramSara B Fazio, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSteven H Feinsilver, MDProfessor of MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineEva L Feldman, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolBetty Ferrell, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCNDirector and Professor, Division of Nursing Research and EducationCity of Hope Medical CenterJoel S Finkelstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolR Warne Fitch, MDAssociate Professor OrthopedicsAssociate Professor Emergency MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterKatherine Walker Foster, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCArnold S Freedman, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRosario V Freeman, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJonathan W Friedberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJames P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of RochesterErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteAngelo L Gaffo, MD, MsPHRheumatology Section ChiefBirmingham VA Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamMarissa C Galicia-Castillo, MD, MSEd, CMD, FACPSue Faulkner Scribner Professor of GeriatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolMedical Director, Palliative MedicineSentara Norfolk General HospitalAlan C Geller, RN, MPHSenior LecturerSocial and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthBernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP, MACCEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Coronary Heart Disease; Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Richard J Glassock, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesEmeritus ProfessorThe David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAAdam O Goldstein, MD, MPHProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponsePeter D Gorevic, MDEmeritus Professor of Medicine and PathologyStony Brook MedicineProfessor of Medicine, RheumatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineMeredith Greene, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco*kalpana Gupta, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineChief, Infectious DiseasesBoston VA HCSRenuka Gupta, MD, FHM, FACPAssistant ProfessorNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineHope K Haefner, MDHarold A. Furlong Professor of Women's HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Michigan MedicineJohn M Halphen, JD, MDAssociate Professor of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineThe University of Texas' TEAM Institute at HoustonGeorge Handzo, BCC, CSSBBDirector of Health Services Research & QualityHealthCare Chaplaincy, New York, NYIan Harris, AM, MBBS, MMed(Clin Epi), MSc(HDS), PhDProfessor of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW SydneyProfessor, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneyDirector, Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchRodney A Hayward, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of MichiganMitchell T Heflin, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineLloyd A Hey, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineAssociate Professor, North Carolina State University, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringPatricia L Hibberd, MD, PhDChair, Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthLinda Hill, MD, MPHDistinguished ProfessorHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San DiegoHelen Hoenig, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine/GeriatricsDuke University School of MedicineChief - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ServiceDurham VA Medical CenterRichard M Hoffman, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineLinda Humphrey, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSilvio E Inzucchi, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineVicki A Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatrics, Massachusetts General HospitalCo-Director Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative CareDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolJ Eric Jelovsek, MD, MMEd, MSDS, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke UniversityJeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACSChair, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryMinneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalTheodore M Johnson II, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Nursing, Family Medicine, and EpidemiologyAssociate Professor of UrologyEmory UniversityInvestigator, US Department of Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham/AtlantaCecilia Matilda Jude, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALowell S Kabnick, MD, RPhS, FACS, FACPhDirector of Clinical OperationsUnited Vein And Vascular CentersDeborah M Kado, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineSection Co-Chief, Geriatric MedicinePrimary Care & Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineDirector, VA Fellowship in Advanced Geriatrics, VA Palo Alto GRECCJoseph P Kannam, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHoracio Kaufmann, MDProfessor of Neurology and MedicineNew York University School of MedicineC. Dirk Keene, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PathologyNeuropathology Adjunct Associate Professor of OphthalmologyUniversity of WashingtonCharles Kellner, MDProfessor (Adjunct)Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SCHarold L Kennedy, MD, MPHAdjunctive Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineKimberly Kenton, MD, MS, FACOG, FACSProfessor, Obstetrics & GynecologyChief, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, ILDouglas P Kiel, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDirector Musculoskeletal Research CenterHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLifeGretchen Kimmick, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterHeidi D Klepin, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine, Hematology and OncologyWake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterSarah Kohnstamm, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganHarlan Krumholz, MDHarold H. Hines Jr. Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Professor of Investigative Medicine and of Public Health (Health Policy)Yale School of MedicineLewis H Kuller, MD, DrPHProfessor Emeritus, Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public Health, University of PittsburghKapil Kumar, MDClinical Instructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRuth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPMThe Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicPaul H Lange, MD, FACSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonEric B Larson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineCaitlin S Latimer, MD, PhDActing Instructor in NeuropathologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterJacob P Laubach, MD, MPPAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteChristoph I Lee, MD, MSProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSei Lee, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSuzee E Lee, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUCSF Memory and Aging CenterRichard E Leiter, MD, MAAttending PhysicianDepartment of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana-Farber Cancer InstituteInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony J Lembo, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSusan D Leonard, MDAssociate Clinical Professor, Division of Geriatric MedicineUCLA Department of MedicineSeth P Lerner, MDSection Editor — Bladder CancerBeth and Dave Swalm Chair in Urologic OncologyProfessor of UrologyBaylor College of MedicineMyron J Levin, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusE Michael Lewiecki, MDDirectorNew Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis CenterStuart M Lichtman, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterJean Lee Lim, MDDepartment of DermatologyKaiser Permanente Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CAMark S Link, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaGiovanni Lodi, DDS, PhDFull ProfessorDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental SciencesUniversity of Milan, ItalyRichard F Loeser, MDJoseph P Archie, Jr Eminent ProfessorDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and ImmunologyDirector, Thurston Arthritis Research CenterThe University of North CarolinaYair Lotan, MDProfessorDepartment of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasEmily S Lukacz, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego HealthBeatrice Lupsa, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineLisa A Mandl, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeWarren J Manning, MDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of Medicine and RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolStavros C Manolagas, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLyn March, AM, MD, PhDLiggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal EpidemiologyUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchLynette J Margesson, MD, FRCPC, FAADAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Obstetrics and GynecologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthJoseph E Marine, MD, FACC, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineVice-Director, Division of CardiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineGregory M Martin, MDAffiliate Assistant Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Miami Leonard School of MedicineBarbara M Mathes, MD, FACP, FAADClinical Associate, DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaMelissa Mattison, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMara McAdams DeMarco, PhDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Population HealthNew York University Grossman School of MedicineElizabeth McCormick, MDHome-Based Medical Care PhysicianProspero HealthNikolaus McFarland, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neurology & Chief, Movement Disorders DivisionDepartment of Neurology, University of FloridaKevin T McVary, MD, FACSDirector of the Center for Male Health Professor of UrologyDepartment of UrologyStritch School of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterRobert T Means, Jr, MD, MACPSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Internal MedicineJames H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityC Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDiane E Meier, MD, FACPDirector, Center to Advance Palliative Care Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of MedicineProfessor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of MedicineMario F Mendez, MD, PhDSection Editor — Behavioral and Cognitive NeurologyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesSteven R Messé, MDProfessor of NeurologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaFremonta L Meyer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolShahzad I Mian, MDTerry J. Bergstrom Professor, Associate ProfessorW.K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolShahla Modarresi, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALona Mody, MDAmanda Sanford Hickey Professor of Internal MedicineDania Mohty, MD, PhDConsultant CardiologistHeart CenterKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Professor of MedicineAlfaisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia andUniversity of Limoges, FranceThomas J Montine, MD, PHDProfessor in PathologyStanford UniversityMiriam C Morey, PhDProfessorDepartment of Medicine Co-DirectorOlder Americans Independence (Pepper) CenterAssociate Research DirectorGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDaniel M Morgan, MDAssociate ProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of MichiganR Sean Morrison, MDSection Editor — Selected End Stage ConditionsHermann Merkin Professor of Palliative CareMount Sinai School of MedicineMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityMedha Munshi, MDDirector of Joslin Geriatric Diabetes ProgramsBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFrancesco Muratore, MDRheumatology UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio EmiliaDaniel M Musher, MDProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineCharles W Nager, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoAriel B Neikrug, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California, IrvineTuhina Neogi, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineProfessor of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthSharmilee Maria Nyenhuis, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Allergy & ImmunologyUniversity of ChicagoTomasz R Okon, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilBrian Olshansky, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasAdjunct Professor of MedicineDes Moines UniversityShirley Otis-Green, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACSW, OSW-CE, FNAP, FAOSWConsultantCollaborative CaringCatherine M Otto, MDEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Cardiac Evaluation; Valvular DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJoseph G Ouslander, MDProfessor of Geriatric MedicineSenior Advisor to the Dean for GeriatricsSchmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityCindy Owen, MDSection Editor — Acne and RosaceaAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleJose-Alberto Palma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineVasileios Panoulas, MD, PhD, FESC, MRCPConsultant interventional cardiologist,Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation TrustHonorary Senior Lecturer, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonJustin Paoloni, MBBS, BSc, PhD, MSpMed, FACSPAssociate Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of New South WalesJohn K Park, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChief of Neurological SurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian Queens HospitalJeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhDClarence E. Ehrlich Professor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicinePatricia A Pellikka, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASESection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineFernando Perez-Ruiz, MD, PhDAssociated ProfessorUniversity of the Basque Country Medicine and Nursing SchoolRobert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRSElectrophysiologistAlbany Associates in CardiologyJoAnn V Pinkerton, MD, FACOG, NCMPProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Head Midlife HealthUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterExecutive Director Emeritus, The North American Menopause SocietySorin Pislaru, MD, PhDSection Editor —Valve DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicUwe Platzbecker, MDHead, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hämatologie, Zelltherapie und HämostaseologieUniversitätsklinikum LeipzigPhilip J Podrid, MD, FACCProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of MedicineLecturer, Harvard Medical SchoolThaddeus M Pope, JD, PhD, HEC-CProfessor, Mitchell Hamline School of LawDaniel Press, MDAssociate Professor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristina M Puchalski, MD, MS, FACP, FAAHPMDirector and ProfessorGeorge Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, School of Medicine and Health SciencesThe George Washington University, Washington, DCKanti R Rai, MDProfessor of Medicine and Molecular MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellS Vincent Rajkumar, MDSection Editor — Plasma Cell DisordersEdward W and Betty Knight Scripps Professor of MedicineMayo ClinicSatish SC Rao, MD, PhD, FRCPChief, Gastroenterology/HepatologyAugusta UniversityJhansi Reddy, MD, FACOGAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineGuy S Reeder, MDSection Editor — Coronary DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolDavid B Reuben, MDDirector, Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyArchstone Professor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAMichael J Richards, MD, FRACPDirector, Victorian Infectious Disease ServiceDirector, VICNISS Coordinating Centre for Surveillance of Healthcare-associated InfectionsThe Royal Melbourne HospitalChristine Ritchie, MD, MSPHSection Editor — Palliative CareKen Minaker Endowed Chair in Geriatric MedicineResearch Director, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Mongan InstituteSarah Rubia Robbins, BPhty, PhDPostdoctoral AssociateDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyKristen M Robson, MD, MBA, FACGDeputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant ProfessorTufts University School of MedicinePaula A Rochon, MD, MPH, FRCPCFounding Director, Women’s Age Lab, Women’s College HospitalProfessor, Department of MedicineRTO/ERO Chair in Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Toronto, CanadaRobert L Rodnitzky, MDProfessor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineMaria C Rodriguez-Barradas, MDProfessor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineRebecca G Rogers, MDProfessor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbany Medical SchoolMichael Ronthal, MDProfessor of Neurology EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolClifford J Rosen, MDSection Editor — Bone DiseaseProfessor of NutritionUniversity of MaineProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnn K Rosenthal, MD, FACPWill and Cava Ross Professor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNatalia S Rost, MD, MPHProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew D Rule, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineAndrea M Russo, MD, FACC, FHRSProfessor of MedicineCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversitySamir Saba, MDChief of CardiologyCo-Director, Heart and Vascular InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRajiv Saini, MDClinical Instructor, Department of UrologyDownstate Medical CollegeMartha Sajatovic, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineCarlo Salvarani, MDProfessor of RheumatologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaOwen B Samuels, MDProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryEmory UniversityHanna K Sanoff, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJennifer Schreiber, MDGeorgetown University HospitalMikkael A Sekeres, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of HematologySylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of MiamiElizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPHProfessor of Epidemiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthPearl H Seo, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorSylvester Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami School of MedicineHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalTina Shih, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineMichael Simons, MDRobert W Berliner Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineAlbert L Siu, MD, MSPHProfessorDepartment of Geriatrics and Pallative MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoEric E Smith, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of CalgaryPeter J Snyder, MDEditor-in-Chief — EndocrinologySection Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJacqueline Speed, MDNorth Shore Physicians GroupDavid Spragg, MD, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical CenterStephan Stilgenbauer, MDÄrztlicher Direktor Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU)Leiter Early Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU) CCCULeiter Sektion CLL Klinik für Innere Medizin IIIRichard M Stone, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRakesh M Suri, MD, DPhilProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicMartin I Surks, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineSusan Swetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirector, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma ProgramPhysician Leader, Cancer Care Program in Cutaneous OncologyStanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemGeorge E Taffet, MDProfessor in MedicineRobert J Luchi MD Chair in Geriatric MedicineBaylor College of MedicineJasmine Tan-Kim, MDVoluntary Assistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoRaymond R Townsend, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaJürgen Unützer, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of WashingtonRamachandran S Vasan, MD, DM, FACCProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineArnold Wald, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, MadisonJeremy D Walston, MDRaymond and Anna Lublin Professor of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBill Walter, MBBS, FRACS, PhDProfessorUniversity of SydneyKatherine T Ward, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterPeter C Weber, MD, FACSProfessor and Head, Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterDebra K Weiner, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Clinical & Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghGeriatric Research, Education & Clinical CenterVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDeborah J Wexler, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClinical DirectorMGH Diabetes CenterHeather E Whitson, MD, MHSProfessor of Medicine and OphthalmologyDivision of GeriatricsDuke University Medical CenterHans Wildiers, MD, PhDDepartment of General Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumMultidisciplinary Breast CenterUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumPeter WF Wilson, MDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineDavid A Wolk, MDProfessor of NeurologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMelisa L Wong, MD, MASAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterClinton B Wright, MD, MSDirector, Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthJonathan L Wright, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterPeggy A Wu, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisGil Yosipovitch, MDDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineElaine W Yu, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichi Yukawa, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoMedical Director of San Francisco Jewish Home Acute Rehabilitation UnitMark Yurkofsky, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKen Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWMClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical CenterFormer Emergency Programs Medical Director, State of AlaskaPeer ReviewersKenneth E Schmader, MDSection Editor — GeriatricsEditor in Chief — Geriatric MedicineChief, Division of GeriatricsDuke UniversityDirector, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical Centers

CloseAuthors and Editors in OncologyAuthors and Editors in OncologyEditors-in-ChiefGeorge P Canellos, MDEditor-in-Chief — OncologySection Editor — Miscellaneous TumorsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLowell Schnipper, MDEditor-in-Chief — OncologyTheodore W and Evelyn G Berenson Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDeputy EditorsDiane MF Savarese, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative CareClinical Instructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSonali Shah, MDDeputy Editor — OncologyMedical Oncologist and HematologistVanderbilt University Medical CenterSadhna R Vora, MDSenior Physician Editor — UpToDatePhysician Editor — OncologyInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSection EditorsDavid M Aboulafia, MDSection Editor — AIDS-Related MalignanciesSection HeadDivision of Hematology and OncologyVirginia Mason Medical CenterClinical ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonMichael B Atkins, MDSection Editor — Malignant Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Neoplasms; Cancer of the KidneyDeputy DirectorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoaquim Bellmunt, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bladder CancerDirector, Bladder Cancer Center, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolDavid M Brizel, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyLeonard Prosnitz Professor of Radiation OncologyProfessor of Otolaryngology Head & Neck SurgeryDuke Cancer InstituteBruce E Brockstein, MDSection Editor — Cancer of the Head and NeckClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineHarold J Burstein, MD, PhDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGeorge P Canellos, MDEditor-in-Chief — OncologySection Editor — Miscellaneous TumorsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDon S Dizon, MD, FACPSection Editor – Gynecologic OncologyProfessor of Medicine, Brown UniversityDirector, Breast and Pelvic Malignancies Program and Hematology-Oncology Outpatient Clinics, Lifespan Cancer InstituteDirector of Medical Oncology and the Oncology Sexual Health Program, Rhode Island HospitalReed E Drews, MDSection Editor — Complications of CancerAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDarren Feldman, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerAssociate Attending PhysicianDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegePatricia A Ganz, MDSection Editor — Cancer SurvivorshipProfessorUCLA Schools of Medicine and Public HealthJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterTimothy D Gilligan, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerAssociate Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer InstituteBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterRichard M Goldberg, MDSection Editor — Gastrointestinal CancerDirector Emeritus of the West Virginia University Cancer Institute and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer CenterProfessor of Medicine Daniel F Hayes, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicinePaul J Hesketh, MDSection Editor — Supportive CareDirector, Lahey Health Cancer InstituteDirector, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchTracy Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Radiology Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyDuke University Medical SchoolJames R Jett, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary MedicineProfessor of Medicine EmeritusNational Jewish HealthArvin Kheterpal, MDSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsDirector, Musculoskeletal Imaging for the National Capital RegionAssistant ProfessorJohns Hopkins UniversityHerbert Y Kressel, MDSection Editor — Radiology Cancer ImagingMiriam H Stoneman Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolW Robert Lee, MD, MS, MEdSection Editor — Prostate CancerProfessor of Radiation OncologyDuke University Medical CenterSeth P Lerner, MDSection Editor — Bladder CancerBeth and Dave Swalm Chair in Urologic OncologyProfessor of UrologyBaylor College of MedicineRogerio C Lilenbaum, MD, FACPSection Editor — Lung CancerChief Physician Executive, Jupiter Medical CenterRobert Maki, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of MedicineAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaDavid E Midthun, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineArno J Mundt, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyChairman of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLarissa Nekhlyudov, MD, MPHSection Editor — Cancer SurvivorshipProfessor, Department of MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolAlberto S Pappo, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OncologyHead of Solid Malignancies ProgramSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalLori J Pierce, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineMarshall R Posner, MDSection Editor — Cancer of the Head and NeckDirector, Head and Neck Medical OncologyAssociate Director, Center for Personalized Cancer TherapeuticsAssociate Director, Cancer Clinical InvestigationProfessor of MedicineThe Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJerome P Richie, MD, FACSSection Editor — Cancer of the Urethra, Penis, and Ureter; Urologic Surgery; Prostate CancerElliott Carr Cutler Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolA Oliver Sartor, MDSection Editor — Prostate CancerLaborde Professor for Cancer ResearchMedical Director, Tulane Cancer CenterDepts. of Medicine and UrologyTulane Medical SchoolSteven E Schild, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessor of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineKenneth K Tanabe, MDSection Editor — Gastrointestinal MalignanciesProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolEric Vallières, MD, FRCSCSection Editor — Lung CancerSurgical Director of the Lung Cancer ProgramSwedish Cancer InstituteDavid E Wazer, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessor of Radiation OncologyTufts University School of MedicineBrown University School of MedicineHoward (Jack) West, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerAssociate Clinical ProfessorCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarte, CAChristopher G Willett, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessorDuke University Medical SchoolEditorial AssistantsStephanie E Morris, BAContent Editing AssociateAuthorsSumaira Z Aasi, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineEddie K Abdalla, MD, FACSMedical Director, Liver and Pancreas ProgramNorthside Hospital Cancer InstituteWassim Abida, MD, PhDAssociate Member, Genitourinary Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterGhassan K Abou-Alfa, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeDavid H Abramson, MD, FACSProfessor of OphthalmologyWeill-Cornell Medical SchoolChiefOphthalmic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterJeremy S Abramson, MD, MMScDirector, Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolM Jacob Adams, MD, MPHAssociate Professor (retired)University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryAnjali S Advani, MDDirector, Inpatient Leukemia UnitProfessor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineStaff, Department of Hematology/OncologyTaussig Cancer Institute, The Cleveland ClinicNarasimhan Agaram, MDAssociate Attending Pathologist, Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMaryam Rafael Aghalar, DOAttending PhysicianNassau University Medical CenterEbtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MSClinical Professor, St. John's University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative CareNabil M Ahmed, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineVivek N Ahya, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineWei Ai, MD, PhDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoAlvaro J Alencar, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineLymphoma ProgramUniversity of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterH Richard Alexander, Jr, MDChief Surgical Officer,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyProfessor, Department of Surgery,Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolTarek Alhamad, MD, MS, FACP, FASNAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineZahraa Al-Hilli, MD, FACS, FRCSIClinical Assistant Professor of SurgeryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityLarry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSAProfessor of MedicineMedical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and TransplantationUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJohn Allendorf, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryNYU Long Island School of MedicineVice Chairman of SurgeryNYU Winthrop HospitalMaha Ali Al-Mohaya, BDS, MS, DMSc, DABOMChairman of Oral Medicine and Special Care DentistryDental Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical CitySaudi ArabiaRichard F Ambinder, MD, PhDJames B Murphy Professor of OncologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineRobert J Amdur, MDProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineCarey K Anders, MDMedical DirectorBrain and Spine Metastases ProgramDuke Cancer InstituteDuke UniversityChristopher D Anderson, MD, FACSJames D. Hardy Professor and Chair, Department of SurgeryChief, Transplant and Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterStephan Anderson, MDProfessor of RadiologyBoston University School of MedicineStephen M Ansell, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyMayo ClinicEmmanuel S Antonarakis, MDClark Endowed Professor of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaGerald B Appel, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsSelim M Arcasoy, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineColumbia University School of MedicineMedical Director, Lung Transplantation ProgramCharlotte Ariyan, MD, PhDAssociate AttendingMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterApril W Armstrong, MD, MPHAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaDeborah K Armstrong, MDProfessor of OncologyProfessor of Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer CenterAndrew Arnold, MDMurray-Heilig Professor of Molecular MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutMonish Aron, MD, MCh, FRCSProfessor of Clinical UrologyCo-Director, Robotic Surgery & Advanced LaparoscopyUSC Institute of Urology, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMaryam Asgari, MD, MPHProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolRussell L Ashinoff, MD, FACSPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterDirectorThe Center for Lymphedema Surgery at the Institute for Advanced ReconstructionAssistant ProfessorSeton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of MedicineStanley W Ashley, MDSection Editor — Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalFrank Sawyer Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolEhab Atallah, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyMedical College of Wisconsin and Froedtert HospitalUma H Athale, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityMichael B Atkins, MDSection Editor — Malignant Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Neoplasms; Cancer of the KidneyDeputy DirectorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterEdward K Avila, DOAssociate Clinical Member, Department of NeurologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterFloor J Backes, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of MedicineJoachim M Baehring, MD, DScProfessor, Departments of Neurology and NeurosurgeryYale School of MedicineRebecca N Baergen, MDProfessor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityRemzi Bag, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe University of Chicago MedicineArmita Bahrami, MDProfessorDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineF Amos Bailey, MDProfessor of Medicine University of Colorado at DenverZiad Bakouny, MDThe Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Department of Medical OncologyDana-Farber Cancer InstituteElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert A Balk, MDProfessor of MedicineRush-University Medical CenterDouglas W Ball, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJose Banchs, MD, FACC, FASEFacultyUniversity of ColoradoAnindo K Banerjee, PhD, FRCPConsultant Respiratory PhysicianSouthampton General Hospital, Southampton, UKVictoria Banuchi, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeBenjamin Barankin, MD, FRCPCDermatologist, Medical Director Toronto Dermatology Centre, Toronto, CanadaAditya Bardia, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlton C Barnett, Jr, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Colorado at DenverTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBrian K Bednarski, MD, MEHPAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Colorectal SurgeryUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterTanios Bekaii-Saab, MDLeader, GI Cancer ProgramMayo Clinic Cancer Center Consultant, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZProfessor, Mayo College of Medicine and ScienceJoaquim Bellmunt, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bladder CancerDirector, Bladder Cancer Center, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolJennifer R Bellon, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan S Berek, MD, MMSLaurie Kraus Lacob ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineFellow, Stanford Distinguished Careers InstituteDirector, Stanford Women's Cancer CenterSenior Advisor, Stanford Cancer InstituteJames R Berenson, MDMedical and Scientific DirectorInstitute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer ResearchJonas Bergh, MD, PhD, FRCP (London UK)Professor of Oncology (Mimi Althainz' donation)Karolinska Institutet and University HospitalCancer Center KarolinskaStockholm, SwedenAmanda Bergner, MS, CGCAssociate Professor of Genetics and DevelopmentColumbia UniversityEmily Bergsland, MDProfessor of Medicine University of California San FranciscoRoss S Berkowitz, MDWilliam H. Baker Professor of GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterJesse L Berry, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Clinical ScholarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaMark F Berry, MDMylavarapu Rogers ProfessorStanford UniversitySimon Best, MDAssociate Professor Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryAarti Bhatia, MDAssistant Professor, Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer CenterMihir K Bhayani, MD, FACSAssociate Professor, Department of OtorhinolaryngologyRush University Medical CenterMark Bilsky, MDAttending Neurologic SurgeonMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor Neurologic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityKenneth F Binmoeller, MD, MASGE, FACGDirector, Interventional EndoscopyCalifornia Pacific Medical Center, San FranciscoMarc Birkhahn, MDUrologie am RingCologneMichael J Birrer, MD, PhDVice ChancellorDirector, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteDirector, Cancer Service LineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesPeter Black, MD, FACS, FRCSCKhosrowshahi Chair in Bladder Cancer ResearchProfessorDepartment of Urologic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver Prostate CentreRonald Bleday, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolIra J Bleiweiss, MDProfessor of PathologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaSubspecialty Director, Breast PathologySection of Surgical PathologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaSharon L Bober, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBernard H Bochner, MDAttending Surgeon, Urology ServiceVice Chairman, Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of UrologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityAlmut Böer-Auer, MDDirector of Academics, Dermatologikum HamburgProfessor of Dermatology, Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität MünsterJeffrey A Bogart, MDProfessor & ChairDepartment of Radiation OncologyUpstate Medical UniversityAdam J Bograd, MDAttending Thoracic SurgeonSwedish Cancer InstituteBarry A Borlaug, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJudy C Boughey, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryW.H. Odell Professor in Individualized MedicineVice Chair of Research, Department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochester, MNJudith VMG Bovée, MD, PhDPathologistProfessor of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterKristin A Bradley, MDProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthWilliam Breitbart, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityChairmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterDaniel C Brennan, MD, FACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Kidney TransplantationProfessor of MedicineMedical Director and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyJohns Hopkins Medical SchoolTim Brenner, PharmD, BCOPClinical Pharmacy SpecialistUPMC Cancer CentersMolly Brewer, DVM, MD, MSProfessorChief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCarole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterCristina Brickman, MD, MSCEAssistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California, San FranciscoFrank Bridoux, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicinePoitiers UniversityRobert E Bristow, MD, MBAChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California, Irvine - Medical CenterBruce E Brockstein, MDSection Editor — Cancer of the Head and NeckClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineJennifer R Brown, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Brown, MDProfessor Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonGlenn J Bubley, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel Buchbinder, DMD, MDProfessor and Chief Maxillofacial Surgery, Dept. of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NYHarold J Burstein, MD, PhDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBryan M Burt, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineBarbara Burtness, MDProfessor of Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineJan Buter, MD, PhDDepartment of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAntonio C Buzaid, MDGeneral Medical Director, Centro Oncologico Antonio Ermirio de Moraes, Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, BrazilLauren A Byers, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMatthew R Callstrom, MD, PhDProfessor of RadiologyMayo ClinicMichael Camilleri, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and PhysiologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineSteven C Campbell, MD, PhDGlickman Urological and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicSusana M Campos, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolInstitute Physician Dana Farber Cancer InstituteDirector of GYN Educational ActivitiesMarcia Irene Canto, MD, MHSProfessor of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins UniversityLisa A Carey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaLineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterRobert L Carithers, Jr, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonKaren J Carlson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThomas Carpenter, MDProfessor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)Professor of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationYale University School of MedicineShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDPeter R Carroll, MD, MPHProfessorDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoBob S Carter, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRichard D Carvajal, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine Director, Experimental TherapeuticsDirector, Melanoma ServiceColumbia University School of MedicineAmanda S Cass, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Thoracic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterMariana C Castells, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel Catovsky, MD, DSc (Med), FRCPath, FRCP, FMedSciEmeritus Professor of HaematologyInstitute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UKJimmy Caudell, MD, PhDAssociate Member and Section Chief of Head & Neck/Endocrine Radiation OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterEmi H Caywood, MDDirector, Blood and Bone Marrow TransplantNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareDavid Cella, PhDProfessorFeinberg School at Northwestern UniversityJohn Chabot, MDDavid V. Habif Professor of SurgeryColumbia University Medical CenterJasmeet Chadha Singh, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCommack, NYJamie E Chaft, MDAssociate Attending PhysicianThoracic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NYAnees B Chagpar, MD, MSc, MA, MPH, MBA, FACS, FRCS(C)Section Editor — Breast SurgeryProfessor, Department of SurgeryYale University School of MedicineA Bapsi Chakravarthy, MD, FASTROProfessorVanderbilt UniversityAnnie On On Chan, MDDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongAnthony KC Chan, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCPathProfessor of PediatricsMcMaster University, CanadaAnthony TC Chan, MDProfessor of Clinical OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongEdward D Chan, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthJennifer Ang Chan, MD, MPHDana-Farber Cancer InstituteRaymond Chan, RN, PhDDirector and Professor of Cancer Nursing, Caring Futures InstituteCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders UniversityEric I Chang, MD, FACSClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of SurgeryDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryHackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall UniversityPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterVictor T Chang, MDProfessor of Medicine,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,VA New Jersey Health Care SystemNelson J Chao, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicinePaul H Chapman, MDDistinguished Nicholas T Professor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolClark C Chen, MD, PhDLyle A. French Chair of NeurosurgeryProfessor and Department HeadUniversity of Minnesota NeurosurgeryLee-may Chen, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive SciencesDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterWendy Y Chen, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHeather H Cheng, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington Associate Professor, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterWinson Y Cheung, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of OncologyTom Baker Cancer CenterUniversity of CalgaryMilan G Chheda, MDAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicineDennis S Chi, MDProfessor, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMember, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterGynecology Service, Department of SurgeryStephen Chia, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyMurali Chintagumpala, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineRowan T Chlebowski, MD, PhDChief, Division of Medical Oncology and HematologyHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CASteven J Chmura, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of ChicagoToni K Choueiri, MDDirector, The Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolApril Christensen, MD, MSMayo ClinicGeorge P Chrousos, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology EmeritusDirector, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision MedicineHolder, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health CareUniversity of Athens, GreeceRashmi Chugh, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDaniel C Chung, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKevin C Chung, MD, MSChief of Hand SurgeryCharles B.G de Nancrede Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Health SystemJane E Churpek, MD, MSAssistant Professor, Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative CareDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health & Carbone Cancer CenterJay P Ciezki, MDStaff Physician Cleveland Clinic Department of Radiation OncologyPaul M Cinciripini, PhDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterThomas E Clancy, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey W Clark, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark W Clemens, MD, FACSAssociate Professor, Plastic SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer Center, University of TexasMark Clemons, FRCPProfessor, Department of Medicine, University of OttawaMegan B Clowse, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDivision of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDavid E Cohn, MD, MBADivision of Gynecologic Oncology Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Ohio State University College of MedicineInterim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical OfficerArthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research InstituteRobert L Coleman, MD, FACOG, FACSChief Scientific OfficerUS Oncology ResearchLaura C Collins, MDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolVice Chair of Anatomic PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, BostonHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaSteven E Come, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterCarolyn C Compton, MD, PhDProfessorArizona State UniversityHeidi M Connolly, MD, FACC, FASESection Editor — Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolLouis S Constine, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and PediatricsVice ChairUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterSuzanne D Conzen, MDProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of Hematology and OncologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterTodd M Cooper, DOProfessor of Pediatrics University of WashingtonDirector - Leukemia ProgramSeattle Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterDavid J Copenhaver, MDDirector of Cancer Pain Management and Supportive Care, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department University of California at DavisCasey M Cosgrove, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterRichard J Cote, MD, FRCPathProfessor and Chair,Department of Pathology and ImmunologyPathologist-in-Chief, Barnes-Jewish HospitalScott J Cotler, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector, Division of HepatologyLoyola University Medical CenterM Laurin Council, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisChristopher P Crum, MDDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalAdam Cuker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaClara Curiel-Lewandrowski, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyArizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaSteven A Curley, MD, FACSOncology Institute Director,Christus Trinity ClinicClinical Professor of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineJames C Cusack, Jr, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolCorey Cutler, MD, MPH, FRCP(C)Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolMedical Director Bone Marrow Transplant Survivors ClinicDivision of Hematologic MalignanciesDana-Farber Cancer InstituteBrian G Czito, MDProfessorDuke University Medical CenterRoi Dagan, MDAssociate Professor, Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida Proton Therapy InstituteJosep Dalmau, MD, PhDICREA Professor of NeurologyHospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, SpainAdjunct Professor of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaAnthony V D'Amico, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief of Genitourinary Radiation OncologyBrigham and Women's HospitalDana Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolTimothy A Damron, MDVice-Chair and David G. Murray Endowed Professor of Orthopedic SurgerySUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySiamak Daneshmand, MDProfessor of Urology and Medicine (Oncology)Director of Urologic OncologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarion Danis, MDEthics ConsultantMatthew S Davids, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian J Davis, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic and FoundationNancy A Dawson, MDProfessor of MedicineLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityMarc E De Broe, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Antwerp, BelgiumClaire Dearden, MD, BSc, FRCP, FRCPathConsultant HaematologistThe Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, LondonMalcolm M DeCamp, MDChair, Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryK. Craig Kent Chair in Strategic LeadershipProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthJohn F Deeken, MDProfessorVirginia Commonwealth UniversityPresidentInova Schar Cancer InstituteMark E Deffebach, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMarcela G del Carmen, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalChief Medical Officer, Massachusetts General Physicians OrganizationGiuseppe Del Priore, MD, MPHProfessorMorehouse School of MedicineJaydira Del Rivero, MDAssistant Research PhysicianDevelopmental Therapeutics BranchNational Cancer Institute/National Institutes of HealthKiley Delgado, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorCenter for Cancer Risk Assessment (Cancer Genetics)Massachusetts General HospitalGeorge D Demetri, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolElizabeth G Demicco, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PathologyMount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoAlexis Demopoulos, MDDirector, Neuro-OncologyCancer Institute, Hartford HealthCareLynette Denny, MD, PhDProfessor Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Cape TownGroote Schuur HospitalDirector of South African Medical Research CouncilGynaecology Cancer Research CentreJayesh Desai, MD, FRACPMedical Oncologist, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreRoyal Melbourne HospitalSenior Research Fellow, Walter and Eliza Hall InstituteChair of Australasian Sarcoma Study GroupDaniel G Deschler, MD, FACSSection Editor — OtorhinolaryngologyProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLara K Dhingra, PhDAssociate Professor of Family and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of MedicineSteven J DiBiase, MDChief of ServiceDepartment of Radiation Oncology New York-Presbyterian QueensVice Chairman and Associate ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAnna L Dickerman, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityJorg Dietrich, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPaul A DiSilvestro, MDProfessorProgram in Women's OncologyWomen and Infants HospitalAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityAngela Dispenzieri, MDSerene M. and Frances C. Durling Professor of Medicine and of Laboratory Medicine, and PathologyMayo ClinicJ Michael Dixon, MDProfessor of Surgery and Consultant SurgeonEdinburgh UniversityDon S Dizon, MD, FACPSection Editor – Gynecologic OncologyProfessor of Medicine, Brown UniversityDirector, Breast and Pelvic Malignancies Program and Hematology-Oncology Outpatient Clinics, Lifespan Cancer InstituteDirector of Medical Oncology and the Oncology Sexual Health Program, Rhode Island HospitalDonald C Doll, MDProfessor EmeritusEllis Fischel Cancer CenterUniversity of MissouriJohn E Donahue, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and NeurologyRhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityTimothy F Donahue, MDAssociate Attending Surgeon, Urology ServiceDepartment of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of UrologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityKevin Donohoe, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolTanya B Dorff, MDAssociate Clinical Professor Department of Medical Oncology and Developmental TherapeuticsCity of HopeChyke Doubeni, MD, FRCS, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMichael Dougan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolJan Drappatz, MDAssociate DirectorAdult Neuro-Oncology ProgramAssociate ProfessorDepartments ofNeurology and MedicineUniversity of PittsburghReed E Drews, MDSection Editor — Complications of CancerAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander Drilon, MDChief, Early Drug Development ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMarcia S Driscoll, MD, PharmDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineSteven G DuBois, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDeborah Dudgeon, MD, FRCPCProfessor Emeritus, Queen's UniversityAnette Duensing, MDAssistant Professor of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineShrina Duggal, PharmD, BCOPClinical Pharmacy SpecialistUPMC Cancer CentersShauna Duigenan, MD, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorThe University of OttawaLara Dunn, MDHead and Neck Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterDamian E Dupuy, MDDirector of Tumor AblationRhode Island HospitalProfessor of Diagnostic ImagingBrown Medical SchoolLinda R Duska, MDLawrence Penniston Family Endowed Professor of Women’s Oncology ResearchAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of VirginiaRaed A Dweik, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(C), FCCM, FAHAProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicinePeter T Dziegielewski, MD, FRCS(C)Kenneth W. Grader Associate ProfessorChief of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology & Microvascular SurgeryDepartment of OtolaryngologyUniversity of FloridaKeith D Eaton, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Medical OncologyUniversity of WashingtonJason A Efstathiou, MD, DPhilProfessor of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Radiation Oncologist, Massachusetts General HospitalRachel A Egler, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityApril F Eichler, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Neurology and Sleep MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark H Einstein, MD, MS, FACS, FACOGSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s HealthAssistant DeanClinical Research Unit Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolAvraham Eisbruch, MDProfessor Emeritus of Radiation OncologyUniversity of MichiganGhada El-Hajj Fuleihan, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center, LebanonKevin M Elias, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssistant Professor, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAKate Elzinga, MDPlastic SurgeryUniversity of CalgaryKevin Emerick, MDAssistant Professor in the Department of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolPeter C Enzinger, MDDirector, Center for Esophageal & Gastric Cancer, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,Associate Professor of Medicine,Harvard Medical SchoolEdzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FMEdSci, FSB, FRCP, FRCP (Edin.)Emeritus Professor of Complementary MedicinePeninsula Medical School, University of ExeterCarmen P Escalante, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLaura J Esserman, MD, MBAProfessor of Surgery and RadiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoDirectorUCSF Carol Franc Buck Breast Care CenterZeev Estrov, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustIzak Faiena, MDDepartment of Urology, Columbia University Medical CenterDavid C Fajgenbaum, MD, MBA, MScAssistant Professor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaCo-Founder and Executive DirectorCastleman Disease Collaborative NetworkJason Fangusaro, MDProfessor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineFrancis A Farraye, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic School of MedicineTimothy W Farrell, MD, AGSFProfessor of MedicineGeriatrics Division Associate Chief for Age-Friendly CareSpencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahPhysician InvestigatorVA Salt Lake City Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterAlan Fein, MDDirector, Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineNorth Shore University HospitalSteven H Feinsilver, MDProfessor of MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellDarren Feldman, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerAssociate Attending PhysicianDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMary Feng, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoCarlos Fernandez-del Castillo, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRenata Ferrarotto, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine and OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBetty Ferrell, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCNDirector and Professor, Division of Nursing Research and EducationCity of Hope Medical CenterFernando C Fervenza, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicinePetra Feyer, MDHead, Berlin Cancer SocietyDavid C Fisher, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaurel Fisher, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaKevin R Flaherty, MD, MSSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health SystemSteven Flamm, MDProfessor of MedicineRush Medical CollegeRush University Gini Fleming, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Medical CenterCharles W Flexner, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and International HealthJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public HealthFranklin P Flowers, MDProfessor EmeritusDivision of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJustin Floyd, DOCancer Care Specialists of IllinoisPatricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisMarianna Fontana, MDSenior LecturerHonorary Consultant CardiologistNational Amyloidosis CentreUniversity College LondonRobert L Foote, MD, FACR, FASTROEmeritus Professor, Department of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJennifer H Foster, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's HospitalTheodoros Foukakis, MD, PhDDepartment of OncologyKarolinska Institutet and University HospitalStockholm, SwedenJeffrey M Fowler, MDGynecologic OncologistWomen's Oncology ServicesDeaconess, The Women's HospitalJasmine H Francis, MDAttending SurgeonOphthalmic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterStephen Freedland, MDProfessor of Surgery (Urology)Director, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle (CIRCL)Associate Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer CenterCedars Sinai Medical CenterArnold S Freedman, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNeil Freedman, MDHead, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareNorth Shore University Health System, Evanston, ILClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineJonathan W Friedberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJames P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of RochesterDanielle N Friedman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medical College; Pediatric Long-Term Follow-Up ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalMatthew J Frigault, MDInstructor of Medicine/Assistant Director, Cellular Immunotherapy ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteHarold Frucht, MDFormer Founding Director Pancreas Cancer Prevention & Genetics ProgramColumbia Colon Cancer Prevention ProgramColumbia UniversityMichael Frumovitz, MD, MPHProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterKeiichi Fujiwara, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologySaitama Medical UniversitySuzanne A.W. Fuqua, PhDProfessor, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicinePaul J Gaglio, MDProfessor of Medicine (in Surgery)Director: Hepatology OutreachColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Center for Liver Disease and TransplantationStéphanie Gaillard, MD, PhDDirector, Gynecologic Cancer TrialsAssistant Professor, Oncology and Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineThomas Galloway, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterAlexandra Gangi, MDAssistant Professor of Surgery Cedars Sinai Medical CenterMoira Garraus, MDPaediatric OncologistHospital San Joan de DeuCarl Michael Gay, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorThoracic/Head & Neck Medical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMark C Gebhardt, MDFrederic W. and Jane M. Ilfeld Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAJ Gelderblom, MD, PhDMedical OncologistDepartment of Clinical OncologyLeiden University Medical CenterAlan C Geller, RN, MPHSenior LecturerSocial and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthDaniel George, MDProfessor of Medicine and SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterJames N George, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterSuzanne George, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Gershenson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJeffrey E Gershenwald, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgery and Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPeter C Gerszten, MD, MPH, FACSProfessor of Neurosurgery and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterDaniel M Geynisman, MDAssociate Professor of Medical OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterAndrew G Gianoukakis, MD, FACEProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAInvestigator, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLADivision of Endocrinology and MetabolismHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterMichael K Gibson, MD, PhD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector of Translational Research for Head and Neck OncologyDirector of Esophagogastric Malignancies ProgramVanderbilt UniversityJill Gilbert, MDProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterJames M Gilchrist, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of NeurologySouthern Illinois University School of MedicineTimothy D Gilligan, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerAssociate Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer InstituteLucy A Godley, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and Human GeneticsThe University of ChicagoBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterRichard M Goldberg, MDSection Editor — Gastrointestinal CancerDirector Emeritus of the West Virginia University Cancer Institute and the Mary Babb Randolph Cancer CenterProfessor of Medicine S Nahum Goldberg, MDDirector of Abdominal Intervention and Tumor AblationMinimally-Invasive Tumor Therapies LaboratoryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterVinai Gondi, MDDirector of Research & Education, Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponsePeter D Gorevic, MDEmeritus Professor of Medicine and PathologyStony Brook MedicineProfessor of Medicine, RheumatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineMichael K Gould, MD, MSProfessor, Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of MedicineMrinal M Gounder, MDMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical CollegeGaurav Goyal, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology-OncologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamWilliam J Gradishar, MDProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityWilliam M Grady, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterDavid Graham, MD, FASCOMedical DirectorWestern Region, Levine Cancer InstituteCarolinas HealthCare SystemCharlotte, NCDavid Y Graham, MDProfessor of MedicineMichael E. DeBakey VAMC and Baylor College of MedicineAna M Grau, MD, FACSAssociate ProfessorVanderbilt UniversityHeidi J Gray, MDProfessor and ChiefDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDept of OB/GYNUniversity of WashingtonF Anthony Greco, MDMedical DirectorSarah Cannon Cancer CenterFrank G Gress, MDProfessor of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMedical Director, Center for Interventional EndoscopyJerome E Groopman, MDDina and Raphael Recanati Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNeil D Gross, MD, FACSProfessor, Head and Neck SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer CenterThomas G Gross, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsColorado University School of MedicineShilpa Grover, MD, MPH, AGAFSenior Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolMatthias Guckenberger, MDProfessor & Chairman, Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of ZurichJames Gulley, MD, PhD, FACPDirector Medical Oncology ServiceNational Cancer InstituteShilpa Gupta, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Hematology and OncologyTaussig Cancer InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationSandeep Gurbuxani, MBBS, PhDAssociate Professor, Section of Hematopathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoRobert I Haddad, MDChief, Division of Head and Neck Oncology Institute PhysicianDana Farber Cancer InstituteProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel E Haggstrom, MDCo-Leader, Senior Oncology ProgramLevine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NCDavid A Haggstrom, MD, MASInvestigatorVA HSR&D Center of Excellence on Implementing Evidence-Based PracticeAssociate ProfessorIndiana University School of MedicineDivision of General Internal Medicine & GeriatricsJohn D Hainsworth, MDChief Scientific OfficerSarah Cannon Research InstituteMichael J Hall, MD, MSChair, Department of Clinical GeneticsProfessor, Department of Clinical GeneticsFox Chase Cancer CenterOmid Hamid, MDDirector, Melanoma CenterThe Angeles Clinic and Research InstituteGary D Hammer, MD, PhDMillie Schembechler Professor of Adrenal CancerUniversity of MichiganM Elizabeth H Hammond, MD, FCAPProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineGeorge Handzo, BCC, CSSBBDirector of Health Services Research & QualityHealthCare Chaplaincy, New York, NYGillian E Hanley, PhDFaculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia.Daniel J Haraf, MDProfessorUniversity of ChicagoJ William Harbour, MDProfessor and ChairmanThe David Bruton, Jr. Chair in OphthalmologyDepartment of OphthalmologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterMalini Harigopal, MDProfessor of PathologyYale University School of MedicineSeth P Harlow, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineStephanie M Harman, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineGriffith R Harsh, IV, MD, MBAProfessor and Chairman, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, DavisRichard Alan Harvey, PhDFormer Consultant Clinical Biochemist/Honorary LecturerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalDaniel F Hayes, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineFrances J Hayes, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPamela Hebbard, MD, FRCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare ManitobaJohn E Heffner, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityProvidence Portland Medical CenterJosh H Heinzerling, MDRadiation OncologistSoutheast Radiation OncologyCharlotte, North CarolinaC William Helm, MD, MBBChir, FRCS, MRCOGConsultant Gynaecological OncologistN Lynn Henry, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMartee L Hensley, MD, MScAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical OncologyMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeDwight E Heron, MD, MBA, FACRO, FACRSystem Medical Director for Oncology ServicesBon Secours Mercy HealthFelix JF Herth, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of HeidelbergMartin Hertl, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of SurgeryDirector, Abdominal Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary SurgeryTuftsMedical CenterThomas J Herzog, MDDeputy DirectorUniversity of Cincinnati Cancer CenterPaul J Hesketh, MDSection Editor — Supportive CareDirector, Lahey Health Cancer InstituteDirector, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicinePatricia L Hibberd, MD, PhDChair, Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthJohn Hicks, MD, DDS, PhDProfessorDepartment of PathologyBaylor College of MedicineCelestia Higano, MD, FACPAdjunct Professor of Urologic ScienceUniversity of British Columbia Medical DirectorProstate Cancer Supportive Care ProgramVancouver Prostate CentreAndrew Hines, MDVascular and Interventional SpecialistsCharlotte RadiologyAriel Hirsch, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyBoston University Medical CenterMichelle S Hirsch, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolJohann Hitzler, MD, FRCP(C), FAAPProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoFred H Hochberg, MDProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of California at San Diego Moores Cancer CenterLauri Hochberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Imaged Based Gynecology ServiceUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineSarah E Hoffe, MDSenior MemberMoffitt Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteHenry T Hoffman, MD, MS, FACSProfessor of OtolaryngologyUniversity of IowaMitchel S Hoffman, MDProfessorMoffitt Cancer CenterUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineRichard M Hoffman, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineChristine H Holschneider, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAAngela M Hong, MBBS, MMed, PhD, FRANZCRMelanoma Institute Australia, The University of SydneyTheodore S Hong, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical School Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalRichard T Hoppe, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyStanford University School of MedicineFrancis J Hornicek, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair, Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineVisiting Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUCLA Health, David Geffen School of MedicineJason L Hornick, MD, PhDDirector of Surgical Pathology and ImmunohistochemistryBrigham and Women’s HospitalProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolNeil S Horowitz, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Clinical Research, Gynecologic OncologyBrigham and Women's HospitalTerzah M Horton, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineMara J Horwitz, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSteven Horwitz, MDAssociate Attending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRalph H Hruban, MDProfessor of Pathology and OncologyThe Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsJames Huang, MDThoracic ServiceDepartment of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterWarner K Huh, MDMargaret Cameron Spain Chair in Obstetrics/GynecologyProfessor, Division of Gynecologic OncologySenior Scientist, UAB Comprehensive Cancer CenterChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyEdwin P Hui, MDClinical Associate Professor (Honorary)Department of Clinical OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongPeter J Hulick, MD, MMSc, FACMGMedical Director, Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystemClinical Assistant Professor, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of MedicineLinda Humphrey, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterVania Hungria, MD, PhDClinica São GermanoSão Paulo, BrazilKlaudia U Hunter, MDLahey Clinic Department of Radiation OncologySara A Hurvitz, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterArif Hussain, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pathology, and BiochemistryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineJutta Huvila, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuRaghava Induru, MDCo-leader, Senior Oncology ProgramLevine Cancer InstituteCharlotte, NCShams I Iqbal, MDInstructor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalRichard S Irwin, MDProfessor of MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchLeanne Jackson, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMichael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterVicki A Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatrics, Massachusetts General HospitalCo-Director Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative CareLinda A Jacobs, PhD, CRNP, FAANClinical Professor of NursingDirector, Development of Cancer Survivorship Clinical Programs, Research, and Education Abramson Cancer CenterThe Perelman Center for Advanced MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaEric Jacobsen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian C Jacobson, MD, MPHDirector of Program Development for GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalMichael T Jaklitsch, MDProfessor in SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalMaija Jakobsson, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorHelsinki University HospitalHead of the Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHUCH Hyvinkää hospitalKatherine A Janeway, MDAttending Physician of Pediatric OncologyDana Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAminah Jatoi, MDBetty J Foust and Parents' Professor of OncologyMayo Medical SchoolJames R Jett, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary MedicineProfessor of Medicine EmeritusNational Jewish HealthDragan Jevremovic, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PathologyMayo ClinicKenar D Jhaveri, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Kidney Diseases and HypertensionZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellRamon E Jimenez, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryFlorida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineBonnie N Joe, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingChiefUCSF Breast ImagingEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBarbara L Jones, PhD, MSWProfessor of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at AustinRobin Jones, MDSarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden and Institute of Cancer Research, LondonKarin Jordan, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversitätsklinikum HeidelbergJeffrey Joseph, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Calgary School of MedicineLisa A Kachnic, MD, FASTROChu H Chang Professor and ChairDepartment of Radiation OncologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterHerbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterLarry R Kaiser, MDAdjunct Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineThe Lewis Katz Dean, EmeritusThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityVirginia Kaklamani, MD, DScProfessor of MedicineLeader, Breast Oncology ProgramMays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioGregory P Kalemkerian, MDProfessor of MedicineCo-Director, Thoracic OncologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterRichard S Kalman, MDDivision of Hepatology, Assistant Professor of Medicine,Einstein Medical Center/Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversitySuneel Kamath, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineKala Kamdar, MD, MS EpiAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineStephen Kang, MDAssociate ProfessorThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterLawrence D Kaplan, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoMatthias A Karajannis, MD, MSChief, Pediatric Neuro-Oncology ServiceMember, Attending PediatricianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAmer Karam, MDClinical ProfessorAssociate Director and Director of OutreachDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineMaher Karam-Hage, MDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterWassim Kassouf, MD, CM, FRCSStephen Jarislowsky Chair in UrologyProfessor of Surgery (Urology)McGill University Health CenterAnne Katz, PhD, RN, FAANCancerCare ManitobaWinnipeg, MBLaurence Katznelson, MDAssociate Dean of Graduate Medical EducationProfessor of Neurosurgery and Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism)Stanford School of MedicineSteven M Kawut, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFlorence K Keane, MDAssistant Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolElectron Kebebew, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryChief, Division of General SurgeryHarry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton ProfessorProgram Leader, Endocrine Oncology ProgramStanford Cancer CenterVicki L Keedy, MD, MSCIAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterKenneth L Kehl, MDPhysician, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteInstructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolYair Y Keilson, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of MedicineTouro College of Osteopathic MedicineRobert L Keith, MDProfessor of Medicine and Cancer BiologyAssociate Chief of StaffResearch, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDenver Veterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of Colorado Cancer CenterUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineEvan Keller, DVM, PhDProfessor of Urology and PathologyUniversity of MichiganHillary R Kelly, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKaren Kelly, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Cancer CenterThomas Archibald Kerr, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Internal MedicineDivision of Digestive and Liver DiseasesUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasJoshua P Kesterson, MDMedical Director, Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Cancer CenterUPMC Central PAEmily Keung, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterElizabeth A Kidd, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityEllen J Kim, MDProfessor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJonathan Kim, MDPhysician, Pediatric Ocular OncologyKaiser PermanenteYoun H Kim, MDProfessor of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineGretchen Kimmick, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterHedy Lee Kindler, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector of the Mesothelioma ProgramUniversity of Chicago MedicineTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoDavid G Kirsch, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyDuke University Medical CenterEric A Klein, MDChairman, Glickman Urological and Kidney InstituteProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicHeidi D Klepin, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine, Hematology and OncologyWake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterMichael D Kluger, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of SurgeryCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York-Presbyterian Hospital/CUMCWayne M Koch, MD, FACSProfessor of OtolaryngologyDirectorDivision of Head & Neck SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Outpatient CenterClaus-Henning Köhne, MDDepartment of Hematology and OncologyOnkologie Klinikum OldenburgE Anders Kolb, MDDirector, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareJonathan E Kolitz, MDProfessor of MedicineHofstra Northwell School of MedicineLavanya Kondapalli, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoPanagiotis A Konstantinopoulos, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGynecologic Medical Oncology ProgramDana Farber Cancer InstituteScott E Kopec, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterCamille N Kotton, MDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolTamar Kotz, MS CCC-SLPHead and Neck Speech PathologistOtolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiKris V Kowdley, MD, FAASLD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFDirector, Liver Institute Northwest Clinical Professor of Medicine, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine,Washington State UniversityShlomo A Koyfman, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDepartments of Radiation Oncology and BioethicsCleveland ClinicJill Krapf, MDThe Centers for Vulvovagin*l DisordersClinical Assistant ProfessorThe George Washington University Medical CenterDennis Kraus, MDExecutive Director of Oncology, CenturaMary Lee Krinsky, DOProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego Healthcare SystemSmitha S Krishnamurthi, MDAssociate Professor,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve UniversitySusan E Krown, MDMember EmeritaMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterMatthew Kulke, MDChief, Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical CenterDeputy Director, Cancer Center, Boston University School of MedicineSenthil Kumar, MS, FRCS (Ed), FRCS (Gen Surg), CCT (UK)Head, Department of Liver Transplantation & HPB surgeryContinental HospitalsHyderabad, IndiaPriyanthi Kumarasinghe, MBBS, MD, FRCPA, Dip.Cytopath (RCPA)Consultant PathologistPathWest, QE II Medical CentreClinical ProfessorSchool of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western AustraliaHiroko Kunitake, MDAssistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolCalvin J Kuo, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineAnil Nicholas Kurup, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineAlexander Kutikov, MD, FACSChief, Division of Urologic OncologyProfessor, Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterBonnie Ky, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of Cardio-OncologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDirector, Penn Cardio-Oncology Translational Center of ExcellenceAnn S LaCasce, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndré Lacroix, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal, Quebec, CanadaRuth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPMThe Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicJoseph MC Lam, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaJ Thomas Lamont, MDEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — Anorectal Disorders and Misc. Lower GI Disease; Nutrition, Malabsorption, and Misc. Upper GI DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThierry Lamy, MD, PhDProfessor in HematologyUniversity of Rennes, FrancePaul H Lange, MD, FACSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristine Laronga, MD, FACSProfessorMoffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChing Lau, MD, PhDChief, Hematology Oncology at Connecticut Children's Medical Center Professor at Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Head of Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineJacob P Laubach, MD, MPPAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteIlya Laufer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineShannon K Laughlin-Tommaso, MDConsultant and Assistant Professor, Division of Gynecology, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolScott A Laurie, MD, FRCPCThe Ottawa Hospital Cancer CentreUniversity of OttawaGregory Lauwers, MDSenior Member and Director of Gastrointestinal Pathology,H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute,Professor,Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Oncologic Sciences, University of South FloridaChristine L Lay, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoQuynh-Thu Le, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityMichelle M Le Beau, PhDProfessor Emerita of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChief Scientific Officer, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of TexasTiciana Leal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector, Medical Thoracic OncologyWinship Cancer InstituteEmory University School of MedicineMichael S Leapman, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of UrologyYale University School of MedicineChristoph I Lee, MD, MSProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineEudocia Quant Lee, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolNancy Y Lee, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRichard J Lee, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalSei Lee, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoW Robert Lee, MD, MS, MEdSection Editor — Prostate CancerProfessor of Radiation OncologyDuke University Medical CenterPaul Leger, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DCNatasha B Leighl, MD, MMScPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreProfessor of Medicine, University of TorontoMichael D Leise, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMario M Leitao, Jr, MDAssistant MemberDivision of Gynecology Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRichard E Leiter, MD, MAAttending PhysicianDepartment of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana-Farber Cancer InstituteInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel J Lenihan, MDProfessor of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicinePresident, International Cardio-Oncology SocietyDirector, Cardio-Oncology Center of ExcellenceSeth P Lerner, MDSection Editor — Bladder CancerBeth and Dave Swalm Chair in Urologic OncologyProfessor of UrologyBaylor College of MedicineNelson Leung, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJon Levenson, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryColumbia UniversityDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthJan S Lewin, PhDConsultantSpeech Pathology and AudiologyAndrew John Li, MDCo-Director, Women’s Reproductive Cancers Center of ExcellenceDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterHealth Sciences Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAStuart M Lichtman, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterJennifer Ligibel, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRogerio C Lilenbaum, MD, FACPSection Editor — Lung CancerChief Physician Executive, Jupiter Medical CenterJean Lee Lim, MDDepartment of DermatologyKaiser Permanente Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CASewanti Limaye, MDDirector Clinical and Translational Oncology ResearchConsultant - Medical OncologyCenter for CancerKokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research InstituteAndrew H Limper, MDProfessor of Pulmonary MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineNancy U Lin, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDana Farber Cancer InstituteAdult OncologyBrian J Linder, MDAssistant Professor of Urology and OB/GynDepartment of Urology, Mayo ClinicR Coleman Lindsley, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolCornelis J Lips, MD, PhDProfessor of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center Utrecht, The NetherlandsJennifer K Litton, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLeslie A Litzky, MDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterCatherine Y Liu, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of OphthalmologyViterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyShiley Eye InstituteUniversity of California, San DiegoVincent Liu, MDClinical ProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineJoseph LoCicero, III, MD, FCCPProfessor of Surgery EmeritusSUNY DownstateJay S Loeffler, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyHerman and Joan Professor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolSherene Loi, MD, PhDProfessor of OncologyThe Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneAustraliaGeorge F Longstreth, MDClinic GastroenterologistVeterans Administration San Diego Healthcare SystemVoluntary Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineCharles L Loprinzi, MDRegis Professor of Breast Cancer ResearchMayo Clinic College of MedicineYair Lotan, MDProfessorDepartment of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasDavid N Louis, MDPathologist-in-ChiefMassachusetts General HospitalBenjamin Castleman Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristine M Lovly, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology-OncologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterIngram Associate Professor of Cancer ResearchVanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterStefanie R Lowas, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolRobert C Lowe, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineKaren H Lu, MDProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterAimee L Lucas, MD, MSAssociate Professor Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiPhilip J Lupo, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of Epidemiology Program, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CentersWilliam M Lydiatt, MDClinical ProfessorUnited States Naval Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Portsmouth VirginiaNebraska Methodist HospitalGary H Lyman, MD, MPH, FASCO, FACP, FRCP (Edin)Professor of Medicine, Public Health and PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonCo-Director, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences and Clinical Research DivisionsFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterCynthia X Ma, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisCarole Macaron, MDAssistant ProfessorCase Western Reserve University and Louis Stokes VA Medical CenterFinlay A Macrae, MDProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaCristina Magi-Galluzzi, MD, PhDDirectorDepartment of Anatomic PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamVarocha Mahachai, MDProfessor of MedicineChulalongkorn University HospitalBangkok, ThailandRobert Maki, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of MedicineAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaFabien Maldonado, MD, MScSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Thoracic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineMarcio Malogolowkin, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUC Davis Children's Hospital and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterAndrew Malone, MB, BCh, MRCPIAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of NephrologyDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineHarvey Mamon, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam J Mann, Jr, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryClinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineDavid M Mannino, MDDirector, Pulmonary Epidemiology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kentucky School of MedicinePaul F Mansfield, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterEllen F Manzullo, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineUniversity of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterKaren J Marcus, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteMerry Jennifer Markham, MD, FACP, FASCOProfessor and Chief, Division of Hematology & OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAssociate Director, Medical Affairs, UF Health Cancer CenterMaurie Markman, MDClinical Professor of MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePresident, Medicine & ScienceCancer Treatment Centers of AmericaAlina Markova, MDAssistant ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeLawrence B Marks, MDDepartment of Radiation OncologyUNC Hospitals and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillJohn A Martin, MDAssociate Professor, Senior Associate Consultant, and Associate Chair for EndoscopyMayo ClinicRenato G Martins, MD, MPHChairHematology Oncology and Palliative CareProfessorVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMaría-Victoria Mateos, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital of Salamanca/IBSA/CICSalamanca, SpainMasao Matsuoka, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Hematology, Kumamoto University Medical SchoolInstitute for Virus Research, Kyoto UniversityUrsula A Matulonis, MDProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHani Haytham Mawardi, BDS, DMSc, DABOM, FDS RCSEdKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaculty of DentistryJeddah, Saudi ArabiaJessica N McAlpine, MD, FACOG, FRCPSCProfessorDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of British Columbia and BC CancerJennifer McArthur, DOAssociate Member, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalAdjunct Associate Professor, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinBeth McCarville, MDDepartment of Diagnostic ImagingSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalKenneth L McClain, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of the Histiocytosis Program, Texas Children's HospitalElizabeth McCormick, MDHome-Based Medical Care PhysicianProspero HealthShelley R McCormick, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterCenter for Cancer Risk AssessmentW Joseph McCune, MD, MACRMichael H and Marcia S Klein Professor of Rheumatic DiseasesDirector, Lupus Program, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganShaunagh McDermott, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDerek R McHaffie, MDAttending PhysicianLevine Cancer InstituteCarolinas Medical CenterBrady J McKee, MDSection Head, Thoracic Imaging and Cardiac CTDivision of RadiologyLahey Hospital & Medical CenterAssistant Professor Tufts University School of MedicineJennifer L McNeer, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's HospitalSection of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell TransplantMary-Ellen Meadows, PhD, ABPPClinical NeuropsychologistBrigham and Women's HospitalAssistant Professor of PsychologyHarvard Medical SchoolBabak Mehrara, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryCornell Weill Medical CenterBhoomi Mehrotra, MDDirectorCancer Institute at St. Francis HospitalRoslyn, NYAtul C Mehta, MBBS, FCCPProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic FoundationMinesh Mehta, MDChair, Radiation OncologyFlorida International UniversityZankhana Mehta, MDDepartment of Palliative and Supportive MedicineGeisinger Medical CenterDiane E Meier, MD, FACPDirector, Center to Advance Palliative Care Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of MedicineProfessor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of MedicineShlomo Melmed, MDExecutive Vice President and DeanCedars Sinai Medical CenterProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California at Los Angeles School of MedicineNelya Melnitchouk, MD, MSc, FACSDirector, Program in Peritoneal Surface MalignancyAssistant Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Associate SurgeonSection of Colon and Rectal Surgery Brigham and Women’s HospitalSanaz Memarzadeh, MD, PhDProfessor Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLADirector G.O. Discovery LaboratoryWilliam M Mendenhall, MDDepartment of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAvedis Meneshian, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryDivision of Thoracic SurgeryJohns Hopkins HospitalThoracic SurgeonAnne Arundel Medical CenterSofia D Merajver, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolJaime R Merchan, MD, MMScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineChristian Meyer, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins HospitalFremonta L Meyer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJanelle Meyer, MDAssistant Professor, Oregon Health and Science UniversityJeffrey J Meyer, MDAssociate ProfessorJohns Hopkins UniversityJeffrey A Meyerhardt, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDana-Farber Cancer InstituteM Dror Michaelson, MD, PhDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDominique Michaud, Sc.DProfessorDepartment of Public Health & Community MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolDavid E Midthun, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineMichael T Milano, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyUniversity of RochesterAndrea Milbourne, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of TexasBrett A Miles, DDS, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairVP, Regional Director Western RegionOtolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Division Head and Neck OncologyMicrovascular Reconstructive SurgeryOral and Maxillofacial Surgery York E Miller, MDThomas L Petty Chair of Lung ResearchDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineStaff Physician, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineOmar A Minai, MDClinical Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine Liberty University College of Osteopathic MedicineJennifer Minnix, PhDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterTimur Mitin, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Radiation MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityAnirban P Mitra, MD, PhDUrologic Oncologist, Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CAKathleen M Moore, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Gyn OncologyStephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma HSCDouglas Morgan, MD, MPHDirector, UAB Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)James P Morgan, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJeffrey Morgan, MDInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolVicki A Morrison, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaStaff Physician, Hematology/OncologyHennepin HealthcareMichael Morse, MDMedical Oncology-GI OncologyDuke University Health SystemMaria Moschovi, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of AthensCraig Moskowitz, MDProfessor of Medicine, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of Miami Health SystemPhysician in Chief, Oncology Service LineSylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterJudd W Moul, MD, FACSJames H. Semans, MD Professor of SurgeryDivision of Urologic SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDirector, Duke Prostate CenterDuke Cancer InstituteKent W Mouw, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolYvonne Mowery, MDButler Harris Assistant Professor of Radiation OncologyDuke University Cancer InstituteBeverly Moy, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJohn T Mullen, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Surgical OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalArno J Mundt, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyChairman of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San DiegoSeptimiu Murgu, MDProfessorUniversity of ChicagoBarbara A Murphy, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector, Pain and Symptom Management ProgramVanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterJanet E Murphy, MD, MPHInstructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterTucker Gosnell Center for GI MalignanciesDavid L Murray, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyConsultantMayo ClinicMichael G Muto, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Naeger, MDDirector of Radiology, Denver HealthProfessor and Vice Chair of Radiology, University of ColoradoMaurice Nahabedian, MDProfessor of Plastic SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University – Inova BranchNational Center for Plastic SurgeryJim Natale, PharmD, BCOPClinical Pharmacy SpecialistUPMC Cancer CentersLakshmi Nayak, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoel W Neal, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Medicine (Oncology)Stanford University/ Stanford Cancer InstituteRobert S Negrin, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineLarissa Nekhlyudov, MD, MPHSection Editor — Cancer SurvivorshipProfessor, Department of MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolPeter S Nelson, MDProfessor, Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterProfessor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of WashingtonCatherine C Neumann, MS, LCGCGenetic CounselorDepartment of Clinical GeneticsFox Chase Cancer CenterPaul Newey, MDSenior Lecturer in Endocrinology, Division of Molecular & Clinical MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical School, University of DundeeAndrea K Ng, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstitutePaul T Nghiem, MD, PhDProfessor and HeadUniversity of Washington DermatologyGeorge F. Odland Chair in DermatologyCuong V Nguyen, MDAssistant Professor, Department of DermatologyNorthwestern UniversityLynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalAnna K Nowak, MBBS PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaJed G Nuchtern, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery DivisionBaylor College of MedicineMichael A O'Donnell, MD, FACSProfessor of UrologyUniversity of IowaRobert D Odze, MD, FRCPCProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam K Oh, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerClinical Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical OncologyTisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCMO, Prostate Cancer FoundationDevin J Okay, DDSDivision of ProsthodonticsMount Sinai Beth IsraelM Fatih Okcu, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTomasz R Okon, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineScott Okuno, MDProfessor of OncologyDivision of Medical OncologyMayo ClinicAlexander B Olawaiye, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of PittsburghMatthew Old, MD, FACSProfessor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryHead and Neck Division DirectorMedical Director, Head and Neck Service LineThe James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research InstituteWexner Medical Center at The Ohio State UniversityKenneth R Olivier, MDAssociate ProfessorMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNElise A Olsen, MDProfessor of Dermatology and OncologyDuke University Medical CenterPamela H Orr, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Community Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaDavid Ost, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Pulmonary MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJamie Ostroff, PhDBehavioral Sciences Service Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterShirley Otis-Green, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACSW, OSW-CE, FNAP, FAOSWConsultantCollaborative CaringMichael J Overman, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterCindy Owen, MDSection Editor — Acne and RosaceaAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleDawn Owen, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorRadiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic RochesterEric Padron, MDAssociate Member, Malignant HematologyH Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteLance C Pagliaro, MDProfessor of OncologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineAjit Paintal, MDAssistant Clinical Professor Department of PathologyUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineSumanta K Pal, MDClinical Professor, Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental TherapeuticsCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterJoel M Palefsky, MDProfessorUniversity of California San FranciscoPast President, International Papillomavirus SocietyPast President, International Anal Neoplasia SocietyDavid Palma, MD, PhDProfessorWestern University, London, CanadaManisha Palta, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyDuke UniversityLiron Pantanowitz, MDA. James French Professor of PathologyUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIAllan J Pantuck, MD, MS, FACSAssociate ProfessorUCLA David Geffen School of MedicineAparna R Parikh, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolJohn K Park, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChief of Neurological SurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian Queens HospitalSong Youn Park, MDActing Instructor, Division of DermatologyUniversity of WashingtonAnn H Partridge, MD, MPHDirector, Adult Survivorship ProgramDana-Farber Cancer InstituteProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarvey I Pass, MDStephen E. Banner Professor of Thoracic OncologyNYU Langone Medical CenterMaitray D Patel, MDProfessor of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaShreyaskumar R Patel, MDCenter Medical Director, Sarcoma CenterProfessor of Medicine and Deputy ChairmanDepartment of Sarcoma Medical OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of TexasMrinal M Patnaik, MBBSAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology, Mayo ClinicAimee S Payne, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaKatrina S Pedersen, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineYork Pei, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FASNProfessor of MedicineUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTobias Peikert, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNJeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhDClarence E. Ehrlich Professor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineDavid F Penson, MD, MPHProfessor of Urologic SurgeryDirector of Vanderbilt Center for Surgical Quality and Outcomes ResearchRichard T Penson, MD, MRCPAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Perazella, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineBeth N Peshkin, MS, CGCProfessor of Oncology, Certified Genetic CounselorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchAmy H Peterman, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCurtis A Pettaway, MDProfessor of UrologyUniversity of TexasPhillip M Pierorazio, MDChief, Section of UrologyPenn Presbyterian Medical CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaEugene J Pietzak, MDAssistant Attending Surgeon, Urology ServiceDepartment of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering CancerAssistant Professor of UrologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityLouis L Pisters, MDProfessorThe University of Texas School of MedicineMD Anderson Cancer CenterMarie Plante, MDFull Professor of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyL'Hôtel-Dieu de QuébecCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de QuébecLaval UniversityUwe Platzbecker, MDHead, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hämatologie, Zelltherapie und HämostaseologieUniversitätsklinikum LeipzigSteven C Plaxe, MDProfessor, Reproductive MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineSharon E Plon, MD, PhDDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterProfessorPediatrics/Hematology-OncologyMolecular and Human GeneticsHuman Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineScott L Pomeroy, MD, PhDBronson Crothers Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolColin S Poon, MD, PhD, FRCPCRadiologistProvidence St Peter Hospital, Olympia, WAThaddeus M Pope, JD, PhD, HEC-CProfessor, Mitchell Hamline School of LawSandro V Porceddu, MDRadiation Oncologist, Princess Alexandra HospitalProfessor, University of QueenslandRussell K Portenoy, MDChief Medical OfficerMJHS Hospice and Palliative CareProfessor of Neurology and Family and Social MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDidier Portilla, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaMichael Postow, MDAttending Physician, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityMatthew A Powell, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDirector, Gynecologic Oncology FellowshipOlga Pozdnyakova, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJosef T Prchal, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of UtahKathleen I Pritchard, MD, FRCPCProfessor EmeritaDivision of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMedical OncologistSunnybrook Odette Cancer CentreSenior ScientistSunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, CanadaChristina M Puchalski, MD, MS, FACP, FAAHPMDirector and ProfessorGeorge Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, School of Medicine and Health SciencesThe George Washington University, Washington, DCChing-Hon Pui, MDChair of the Department of OncologyFahad Al-Rashid Chair of Leukemia ResearchSt. Jude's Children's HospitalAmerican Cancer Society Professor Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterSanoj Punnen, MD, MASAssociate Professor, Department of UrologyMiller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterJeanne M Quivey, MD, FACRProfessorClinical Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoDmitry J Rabkin, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Angiography and Interventional RadiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalKanti R Rai, MDProfessor of Medicine and Molecular MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellIsaac Raijman, MDClinical Associate Professor of MedicineBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TXDigestive Associates of Houston, PANino Rainusso, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's Cancer & Hematology CentersS Vincent Rajkumar, MDSection Editor — Plasma Cell DisordersEdward W and Betty Knight Scripps Professor of MedicineMayo ClinicNaren Ramakrishna, MD, PhDDirector of Neuro and Pediatric Radiation OncologyOrlando Health Cancer InstituteProfessor of Radiation Oncology University of Central Florida College of MedicineSuresh S Ramalingam, MDProfessorDirector of Medical OncologyDepartment of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University, Winship Cancer InstituteScott D Ramsey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalShyam SD Rao, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterChandrajit P Raut, MD, MSc, FACSProfessor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteVinod Ravi, MDAssociate ProfessorSarcoma Medical OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of TexasLawrence D Recht, MDProfessor of NeurologyStanford University School of MedicineSusan D Reed, MD, MPHProfessor, Vice ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology AdjunctDepartment of EpidemiologyHarborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSamuel Refetoff, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Committee on GeneticsUniversity of ChicagoMara H Rendi, MD, PhDDepartment of Anatomic PathologyUniversity of WashingtonHospital Pathology AssociatesMinneapolis, MNRocco Ricciardi, MD, MPHChief, Section of Colon and Rectal SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalAssociate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolJerome P Richie, MD, FACSSection Editor — Cancer of the Urethra, Penis, and Ureter; Urologic Surgery; Prostate CancerElliott Carr Cutler Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolStephen Riggs, MD, FACSUrologic OncologistLevine Cancer InstituteCarolinas HealthCare SystemJacynthe Rivest, MDClinical Assistant Professor in PsychiatryUniversity of MontrealMack Roach, III, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Radiation OncologyHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterWilliam R Robinson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic Oncology and Hematology/Oncology University of Mississippi Medical CenterDario Roccatello, MDProfessor of Nephrology and Clinical PathologyUniversity of Turin Medical SchoolJames W Rocco, MD, PhD, FACSProfessor and John and Mary Alford Chair of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterRichard J Rodeheffer, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolAnja C Roden, MDProfessor of PathologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic RochesterLinda H Rodgers, MGC, CGCGenetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk AssessmentMiguel A Rodriguez-Bigas, MDProfessor of SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer CenterAlain H Rook, MDProfessor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSusan R Rose, MDProfessor Emerita, Pediatric EndocrinologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of CincinnatiJonathan E Rosenberg, MDAttending Physician, ProfessorChief, Genitourinary Oncology ServiceSloan-Kettering Cancer CenterWeill-Cornell Medical CollegeMyrna R Rosenfeld, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, SpainAdjunct Professor of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaMichael H Rosenthal, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of RadiologyDana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolKenneth Rosenzweig, MDProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Radiation OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAshley Ross, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of UrologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNan Rothrock, PhDAssociate ProfessorMedical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityJames L Rubenstein, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California, San Francisco*kathryn J Ruddy, MD, MPHDirector of Cancer Survivorship, Department of OncologyProfessor of OncologyMayo ClinicMichelle A Rudek, PharmD, PhDProfessor of Oncology and MedicineDirector of the Analytical Pharmacology Core LabSidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns HopkinsCharles M Rudin, MD, PhDChief, Thoracic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterHope S Rugo, MDProfessor of MedicineUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterCarolyn D Runowicz, MDExecutive Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyFlorida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineBruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLDSection Editor — Cirrhosis and Its ComplicationsSpecial Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New MexicoErich W Russi, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineZurich University Hospital, SwitzerlandAndrea L Russo, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalCharles J Ryan, MDProfessor of MedicineB.J. Kennedy Chair in Clinical Medical OncologyDirector, Division of Hematology, Oncology and TransplantationUniversity of MinnesotaChristopher W Ryan, MDProfessorOregon Health & Science UniversityKnight Cancer InstituteDavid P Ryan, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolChristopher Ryerson, MDProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaNabil F Saba, MD, FACPThe Lynne and Howard Halpern Chair in Head and Neck Cancer ResearchProfessor and Vice Chair, Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyCo-director, Head and Neck Cancers Multi-Disciplinary ProgramWinship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityPaul Sabbatini, MDAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterMichael S Sabel, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolA Mazin Safar, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesSunil K Sahai, MD, FAAP, FACPProfessor and Division Chief, General MedicineThe University of Texas Medical BranchWasif M Saif, MDChair, Medical Oncology/HematologyDeputy DirectorOrlando Health Cancer InstituteJoseph K Salama, MDProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyDuke UniversityRitu Salani, MD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLABenjamin E Saltman, MDAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyDivision of Head and Neck SurgeryHofstra North Shore LIJ School of MedicineJohn R Saltzman, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFSection Editor — Therapeutic and Diagnostic EndoscopyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolWolfram E Samlowski, MDComprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada (Las Vegas)Clinical Professor, University of Nevada, RenoClinical Professor, University of Nevada, Las VegasHanna K Sanoff, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillA Oliver Sartor, MDSection Editor — Prostate CancerLaborde Professor for Cancer ResearchMedical Director, Tulane Cancer CenterDepts. of Medicine and UrologyTulane Medical SchoolDiane MF Savarese, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative CareClinical Instructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPhilip Saylor, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolAssistant PhysicianMassachusetts General HospitalMark T Scarborough, MDDepartment of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Florida College of MedicineSteven J Scheinman, MDDean EmeritusGeisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineBradley Schiff, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDavid Schiff, MDProfessor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineRachel Schiff, PhDProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineCharles A Schiffer, MDEmeritus Professor of OncologyBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineSteven E Schild, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessor of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineKathleen M Schmeler, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterArthur B Schneider, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineJ Kenneth Schoolmeester, MDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJohn O Schorge, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAnne F Schott, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of MichiganKasmintan A Schrader, MBBS, FRCPC, PhDMedical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaIris Schrijver, MDAdjunct Clinical Professor of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineScott M Schuetze, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of MichiganJonathan M Schwartz, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineMontefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicinePeter E Schwartz, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineAngeles Alvarez Secord, MD, MHScDuke University Medical CenterMikkael A Sekeres, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of HematologySylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of MiamiPearl H Seo, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorSylvester Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami School of MedicineLecia V Sequist, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSanjeev Sethi, MD, PhDProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineSonali Shah, MDDeputy Editor — OncologyMedical Oncologist and HematologistVanderbilt University Medical CenterElizabeth Shane, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterShahrokh F Shariat, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman Department of UrologyMedical University of ViennaAdjunct Professor of Urology and Medical OncologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityAdjunct Professor of UrologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterPriyanka Sharma, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterDavid J Sher, MD, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterAmandeep Shergill, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CA, San Francisco/ San Francisco VA MedicalEric J Sherman, MDAssistant Attending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterSteven I Sherman, MDNaguib Samaan Distinguished Professor in EndocrinologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDavid Shibata, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalKarin K Shih, MDAssistant ProfessorObstetrics & GynecologyZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellDong Moon Shin, MD, FACP, AAASEmory University School of MedicineFrances Kelly Blomeyer Distinguished Chair in Cancer ResearchProfessor, Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyAdjunct Professor of Otolaryngology and Biomedical Engineering, The Wallace H Coulter DepartmentJason M Shohet, MD, PhDDivision Chair, Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolAlexander N Shoushtari, MDAssistant Attending PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterInstructorWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityBrian Shuch, MDAssociate Professor of UrologyHenry Alvin and Carrie L. Meinhardt Chair in Kidney Cancer ResearchKidney Cancer Program Director, UCLA Institute of Urologic OncologyDepartment of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLAWilliam M Sikov, MD, FACP, FNCBCAssociate Professor of MedicineObstetrics and GynecologyWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAnn W Silk, MD, MSPhysician, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolShonni J Silverberg, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsAmit G Singal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TXAnupama Singh, MDJack Mitchell Thoracic Surgery Oncology Research FellowThoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's HospitalKamaljeet Singh, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityClaude B Sirlin, MDProfessor of RadiologyDirector, Liver Imaging GroupUC San DiegoCharles Sklar, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell Medical CollegePriscilla J Slanetz, MD, MPH, FACRProfessor of RadiologyBoston University Medical CenterAlexander Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoJoseph A Smith, MDProfessor and Chairman of Urologic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineMatthew R Smith, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterRichard V Smith, MDProfessor and Chair, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical CenterValeria Smith, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicinePeter J Snyder, MDEditor-in-Chief — EndocrinologySection Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineCarl Snyderman, MD, MBAProfessor, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJonas M Sokolof, DODirector, Oncological Rehabilitation NYU-Langone HealthDepartment of RehabilitationBenjamin Solomon, MBBS, PhDMedical OncologistPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreShiyu Song, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemGuru P Sonpavde, MDGenitourinary Oncology DirectorChristopher K. Glanz Chair for Bladder Cancer ResearchAssistant Director Phase I Clinical Research UnitAdventHealth Cancer InstituteUniversity of Central FloridaHalfdan Sorbye, MDProfessor of MedicineHaukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayJeffrey A Sosman, MDProfessor of MedicineRobert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of NorthwesternJoseph A Sparano, MDDeputy DirectorTisch Cancer InstituteChief, Division of Hematology/OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiEzra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer TherapeuticsStuart J Spechler, MDChief, Division of Gastroenterology Co-Director, Center for Esophageal DiseasesBaylor University Medical Center at DallasInvestigator/ProfessorCo-Director, Center for Esophageal ResearchBaylor Scott and White Research InstituteUlrich Specks, MDProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic RochesterSteven M Sperry, MDHead & Neck Oncology and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of OtolaryngologyAurora St. Luke’s Medical CenterPhilippe E Spiess, MD, MS, FRCSCProfessorAssistant chief of surgeryMoffitt Cancer CenterThe University of South FloridaPeter P Stanich, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDirector, Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary PolyposisThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterGraeme S Steele, MBBCh, FCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine T Steele, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaJennifer A Stein, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of DermatologyNYU School of MedicineKerstin M Stenson, MD, FACSProfessor of OtolaryngologyChief, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Rush University Medical CenterDepartment of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryDaniel H Sterman, MDDirector, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine NYU School of Medicine NYU Langone Medical CenterCora N Sternberg, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineClinical Director of the Englander Institute for Precision MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineHematology/OncologyC Philip Steuber, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth A Stewart, MDConsultant and Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic and Alix School of MedicineStephan Stilgenbauer, MDÄrztlicher Direktor Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU)Leiter Early Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU) CCCULeiter Sektion CLL Klinik für Innere Medizin IIIThomas E Stinchcombe, MDProfessorDuke Cancer InstituteSandra Stinnett, MDAssistant ProfessorDirector, Division of LaryngologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterWendy Stock, MDProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoElena Stoffel, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDirector, Cancer Genetics ClinicUniversity of MichiganMichael D Stone, MDChairman of SurgeryStamford HospitalRichard M Stone, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlison T Stopeck, MDProfessor of MedicineAssociate Director For Clinical and Translational ResearchStony Brook Cancer CenterE Alessandra Strada, PhD, MSCPPalliative Care and Integrative Medicine ConsultantSanta Cruz, CaliforniaJ Michael Straughn, Jr, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamCarrie Tompkins Stricker, PhD, RN, ANP-BCAssociate Professor, College of Nursing Adjunct Faculty and Associate Director, Digital Health Scholarly Inquiry trackSidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterKeith E Stuart, MDVice Chair, Hematology and Oncology Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine,Tufts University School of MedicineMichael D Stubblefield, MDNational Medical Director for Cancer RehabilitationSelect Medical CorporationMedical Director for Cancer RehabilitationKessler Institute for RehabilitationJack M Su, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorTexas Children's Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineRyan J Sullivan, MDMassachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolChristina Sun-Edelstein, MD, FRACPDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesSt. Vincent's HospitalArief Suriawinata, MDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthRitsuro Suzuki, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Oncology and HematologyShimane University School of MedicineScott Swanson, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolSusan Swetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirector, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma ProgramPhysician Leader, Cancer Care Program in Cutaneous OncologyStanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemKaren L Syrjala, PhDFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterAlphonse Taghian, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolPatricia Tai, MB, BSClinical OncologistProfessor, University of SaskatchewanCanada Department of Radiation Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer CenterHonorary Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, ChinaMartin S Tallman, MDChief, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeKenneth K Tanabe, MDSection Editor — Gastrointestinal MalignanciesProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolMary-Ellen Taplin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine Tarlock, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of WashingtonResearch Associate, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterNicholas P Taylor, MDSection Chief of Gynecologic OncologySt. Lukes HospitalTemple UniversityHenry D Tazelaar, MDConsultantMayo Clinic ArizonaGeraldine Colby Zeiler Professor of CytopathologyMayo Clinic Alix College of MedicineAyalew Tefferi, MDProfessor of Medicine and HematologyMayo Medical SchoolTheodoros N Teknos, MDPresident and Scientific Director, Seidman Cancer CenterUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClare M C Tempany, MDProfessor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarita S Teng, MD, FACSAssociate Professor and Residency Program DirectorDepartment of OtolaryngologyHead & Neck Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NYWan-Yee Teo, MBBS, FAAP, MRCPCH (UK), FRCP Edin, PhDAssistant Professor Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolAdjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineAmanda M Termuhlen, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolWilliam P Tew, MDAssociate MemberMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew York Presbyterian HospitalMichael J Thirman, MDAssociate Professor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoDavid M Thomas, FRACP, PhDMedical OncologistDirector, Kinghorn Cancer CentreGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchNational Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research FellowKarl W Thomas, MDProfessor of Medicine - Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and ImmunologyWake Forest School of MedicineCharles F Thomas, Jr, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRobert D Timmerman, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternChristopher Tinkle, MD, PhDAssociate Member, Department of Radiation OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalVicente E Torres, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineNathaniel S Treister, DMD, DMSc, DABOMAssociate Professor of Oral MedicineDepartment of Oral Medicine, Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineDivision of Oral Medicine & DentistryBrigham and Women's HospitalPauline T Truong, MDCMClinical Professor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of British ColumbiaCanadaAnne S Tsao, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHensin Tsao, MD, PhDSection Editor — Melanocytic Lesions and Disorders of PigmentationProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolGeorge Tsoulfas, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryStrong Memorial HospitalUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterR Michael Tuttle, MDProfessor of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterDouglas Tyler, MDChairDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonSanthosh A Upadhyaya, MDAssistant Member, Dept. of Oncology, Division of Neuro-OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalRenata R Urban, MDAssociate ProfessorGynecologic OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRobert G Uzzo, MD, MBA, FACSG. Willing "Wing" Pepper Chair in Cancer ResearchProfessor and Chairman, Department of SurgeryAdjunct Professor of Bioengineering, Temple University College of EngineeringFox Chase Cancer CenterTemple University School of MedicineEric Vallières, MD, FRCSCSection Editor — Lung CancerSurgical Director of the Lung Cancer ProgramSwedish Cancer InstituteMartin van den Bent, MD, PhDDaniel den Hoed Oncology CenterNeuro-Oncology UnitCorina van den Hurk, PhDResearcherNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganisationRichard A Van Etten, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineCatherine Van Poznak, MDAssociate Professor Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganDonald Vander Griend, PhDAssociate Professor of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoThomas J Vander Salm, MDClinical ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDavid J Vaughn, MDProfessor of MedicineAbramson Cancer Center of the University of PennsylvaniaAdrian Vella, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicShambhavi Venkataraman, MDChief of Breast Imaging, UMass Memorial Health Alliance-Clinton HospitalAssistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Medical CenterAlan P Venook, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoDavid M Vernick, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolEverett E Vokes, MDJohn E. Ultmann ProfessorChairman, Department of MedicinePhysician-in-Chief, University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic SciencesSadhna R Vora, MDSenior Physician Editor — UpToDatePhysician Editor — OncologyInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHeather Wakelee, MDProfessor of MedicineStanford Cancer InstituteAnne M Walling, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, Los AngelesLisa L Wang, MDAssociate ProfessorPediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineYinghong Wang, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJohn F Ward, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgery,Department of Urology,MD Anderson Cancer CenterSamuel L Washington III, MD, MASAssistant Professor University of California, San FranciscoDonald L Weaver, MDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineRandal S Weber, MDProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDaniel S Wechsler, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics & Director of Pediatric OncologyThomas R. Giddens ChairAflac Cancer & Blood Disorders CenterChildren's Healthcare of AtlantaEmory University School of MedicineHarrison G Weed, MS, MD, FACPProfessor of Internal MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolElisabeth Weiss, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRoy E Weiss, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairmanUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineWilliam C Welch, MD, FACS, FICSFrederick A. Simeone Professor of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaChair of NeurosurgeryThe Pennsylvania HospitalCorrine K Welt, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBarry L Wenig, MD, MPHFrancis L. Lederer Professor of OtolaryngologyDirector of Head and Neck and Robotic SurgeryUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine at ChicagoHoward (Jack) West, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerAssociate Clinical ProfessorCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarte, CAAntonio C Westphalen, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology, Urology, and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineHans Wildiers, MD, PhDDepartment of General Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumMultidisciplinary Breast CenterUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRein Willemze, MDProfessor of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterChristopher G Willett, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessorDuke University Medical SchoolJohn R Wingard, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineBenjamin Wong, DSc, MD, PhDHonorary Clinical ProfessorDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongEric T Wong, MD, FANA, FAANProfessor of Neurology, Medicine, Neurosurgery & Radiation OncologyThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJulia S Wong, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolFrancis P Worden, MDProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of MichiganCameron D Wright, MDDivision of Thoracic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalJason D Wright, MDSol Goldman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJonathan L Wright, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterMatthew Wszolek, MDInstructor of UrologyHarvard Medical SchoolAssistant in UrologyMassachusetts General HospitalJulian K Wu, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryTufts University School of MedicinePeggy A Wu, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisJoachim Yahalom, MDMember and Professor of Radiation OncologyMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Cornell University Weill College of MedicineMotoko Yamaguchi, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Hematological MalignanciesMie University Graduate School of MedicineHideko Yamauchi, MDAdjunct InstructorDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery,Juntendo University School of MedicineDirector of Breast Surgical OncologyBreast CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyo, JapanJanet YK Yang, MBBS, MRCPCHClinical FellowMcMaster UniversityXiming J Yang, MD, PhDMary A. Fleming Professor of PathologyChief of Urologic Pathology Northwestern Memorial HospitalNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineZhaohai Yang, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Clinical Pathology & Laboratory Medicine,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,Perelman School of MedicineCatheryn Yashar, MDProfessor of Radiation Medicine and Applied SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoSriram Yennurajalingam, MDProfessor of Medicine, Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonJean Chiyon Yi, PhDFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterLinwah Yip, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKaleb Yohay, MDDirector, Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis CenterDirector, Division of Child NeurologyDepartment of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineSue S Yom, MD, PhD, MASProfessor, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineDavid S Yoo, MD, PhDPhysicianUS OncologyCancer Center at LawrencevilleHarry H Yoon, MD, MHSProfessor of OncologyCo-Chair, Esophageal/Gastric Cancer Disease GroupMayo ClinicWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMichael H Yu, MD, ScMSenior Member, Department of Radiation OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineJoseph Zenga, MDAssistant ProfessorMedical College of WisconsinYanming Zhang, MDAttendingDirector of Cytogenetics LaboratoryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLida Zheng, MDAssistant ProfessorNorthwestern UniversityMing Zhou, MD, PhDChair and Pathologist-in-ChiefDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineTufts Medical CenterChairDepartment of Anatomic and Clinical PathologyTufts University School of MedicineOliver Zivanovic, MDAttending SurgeonMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssistant ProfessorCornell Weill Medical CollegeStephen D Zucker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPeer ReviewersSanjiv S Agarwala, MDProfessor of MedicineTemple University School of MedicineChief of Oncology & HematologySt Luke’s Cancer CenterJose Banchs, MD, FACC, FASEFacultyUniversity of ColoradoAditya Bardia, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEmily Bergsland, MDProfessor of Medicine University of California San FranciscoStephanie Blank, MDDirector of Gynecologic Oncology for the Mount Sinai Health System Professor of Gynecologic Oncology Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLinda D Bosserman, MD, FACPPresident and Medical OncologistWilshire Oncology Medical Group, IncJohn Buatti, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of IowaMark Buyyounouski, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorStanford UniversityDepartment of Radiation OncologyDirector, Genitourinary CancersGeorge P Canellos, MDEditor-in-Chief — OncologySection Editor — Miscellaneous TumorsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDRobert L Coleman, MD, FACOG, FACSChief Scientific OfficerUS Oncology ResearchA Dimitrios Colevas, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineStanford University Medical CenterSiamak Daneshmand, MDProfessor of Urology and Medicine (Oncology)Director of Urologic OncologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLaura A Dawson, MDProfessorDepartment Radiation Oncology, University of TorontoRadiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer CentreShrina Duggal, PharmD, BCOPClinical Pharmacy SpecialistUPMC Cancer CentersD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSara Federico, MDAssociate Member, Pediatric OncologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalHarold Frucht, MDFormer Founding Director Pancreas Cancer Prevention & Genetics ProgramColumbia Colon Cancer Prevention ProgramColumbia UniversityThomas Galloway, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterGeoffrey T Gibney, MDLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedstar Georgetown University HospitalC Blake Gilks, MDProfessor EmeritusDept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British ColumbiaStephen L Graziano, MDProfessor of MedicineSUNY Upstate Medical UniversityRobert I Haddad, MDChief, Division of Head and Neck Oncology Institute PhysicianDana Farber Cancer InstituteProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRichard Alan Harvey, PhDFormer Consultant Clinical Biochemist/Honorary LecturerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonThomas J Herzog, MDDeputy DirectorUniversity of Cincinnati Cancer CenterWarner K Huh, MDMargaret Cameron Spain Chair in Obstetrics/GynecologyProfessor, Division of Gynecologic OncologySenior Scientist, UAB Comprehensive Cancer CenterChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTracy Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Radiology Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyDuke University Medical SchoolSooAe Jones, ACNP, BCNurse PractitionerMassachusetts General HospitalGregory P Kalemkerian, MDProfessor of MedicineCo-Director, Thoracic OncologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterJeffrey Kirshner, MDPrincipal Investigator, HOACNY CCOPDirector of Research and Partner Hematology Oncology Associates of Central NYClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of MedicineUpstate Medical University, Syracuse, NYDavid M Kushner, MDJohn and Jeanne Flesch Professor of Gynecologic OncologyVice Chair of Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadison, WILaura A Lambert, MDClinical Professor, SurgeryDirector, Peritoneal Surface Malignancy ProgramHuntsman Cancer InstituteUniversity of UtahRobert D Legare, MDMedical DirectorAssociate Professor, Clinical Medicine (Medical Oncology)Smilow Cancer Hospital Care CenterYale New Haven Health SystemEllis Levine, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineState University of New York at Buffalo/Roswell Park Cancer InstituteMartin A Martino, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Ob/GynDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of South FloridaMary S McCabe, RN, MAClinical Director, Survivorship CenterMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterCarolyn McCourt, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyWashington University School of MedicineDavid Mutch, MDProfessor and Division Chief, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecologic OncologyWashington University School of MedicineLarissa Nekhlyudov, MD, MPHSection Editor — Cancer SurvivorshipProfessor, Department of MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolScott Okuno, MDProfessor of OncologyDivision of Medical OncologyMayo ClinicShubham Pant, MDAssociate ProfessorAssociate Medical Director of The Clinical & Translational Research CenterMD Anderson Cancer CenterDavid F Penson, MD, MPHProfessor of Urologic SurgeryDirector of Vanderbilt Center for Surgical Quality and Outcomes ResearchSandro V Porceddu, MDRadiation Oncologist, Princess Alexandra HospitalProfessor, University of QueenslandDavid I Quinn, MBBS (Hons I), PhD, FRACP, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Norris Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineJose Alejandro Rauh-Hain, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Tenure TrackDept. of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineDept. of Health Services ResearchMD Anderson Cancer CenterJerome P Richie, MD, FACSSection Editor — Cancer of the Urethra, Penis, and Ureter; Urologic Surgery; Prostate CancerElliott Carr Cutler Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolTina Rizack, MD, MPHHudner Regional Cancer CenterSt. Anne's HospitalDavid I Rosenthal, MDDirector, Head and Neck Translational ResearchProfessor, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoward Safran, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrown University Oncology GroupAnn W Silk, MD, MSPhysician, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolAmit G Singal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TXWalter M Stadler, MD, FACPProfessorUniversity of ChicagoJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterAshley Stuckey, MDProgram in Women’s OncologyGynecologic Oncology and Breast SurgeryWomen & Infants’ Hospital of Rhode IslandAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityWilliam D Tap, MDSection Chief, Sarcoma OncologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterPremal H Thaker, MDAssistant Professor in Gynecologic OncologyWashington University School of MedicineTiffany Traina, MDAssistant Attending PhysicianBreast Cancer Medicine ServiceAssistant Professor in Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityRenata R Urban, MDAssociate ProfessorGynecologic OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAgeliki G Vouyouka, MD, FACSAssociate Professor in Surgery Associate Professor in RadiologyMt Sinai Medical Center/ Icahn School of MedicineAntonio C Wolff, MD, FACPProfessor of OncologyThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns HopkinsJason D Wright, MDSol Goldman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJames Yoo, MDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolJerry Younger, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School

CloseAuthors and Editors in NeurologyAuthors and Editors in NeurologyEditors-in-ChiefMichael J Aminoff, MD, DScEditor-in-Chief — NeurologySection Editor — Medical NeurologyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineJerry W Swanson, MD, MHPEEditor-in-Chief — NeurologySection Editor — HeadacheProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceDeputy EditorsJohn F Dashe, MD, PhDDeputy Editor — NeurologyAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineApril F Eichler, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Neurology and Sleep MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard P Goddeau, Jr, DO, FAHADeputy Editor — NeurologyAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJanet L Wilterdink, MDDirector, Evidence-Based Medicine — UpToDateDeputy Editor — NeurologyClinical Associate ProfessorBrown University School of MedicineSection EditorsMichael J Aminoff, MD, DScEditor-in-Chief — NeurologySection Editor — Medical NeurologyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineJosé Biller, MD, FACP, FAAN, FAHASection Editor — StrokeProfessor of Neurology and Neurological SurgeryChairman Department of NeurologyLoyola University ChicagoStritch School of MedicinePaul W Brazis, MDSection Editor — NeuroophthalmologyProfessor of Neurology, Department of OphthalmologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceKelvin L Chou, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolSteven T DeKosky, MD, FAAN, FACP, FANASection Editor — DementiaProfessor of NeurologyDeputy DirectorMcKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAmar Gajjar, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NeurooncologyScott and Tracie Hamilton Endowed Chair Director, Division of Neuro Oncology Co Leader Neurobiology and Brain Tumor Program Co Chair and Member, Department of Oncology St Jude Children’s Research HospitalPaul Garcia, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoFrancisco González-Scarano, MDSection Editor — Multiple Sclerosis; Neurovirology & NeuroAIDSProfessor Emeritus Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaHoward I Hurtig, MDSection Editor — Movement DisordersProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineScott E Kasner, MDSection Editor — StrokeProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJay S Loeffler, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyHerman and Joan Professor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolMario F Mendez, MD, PhDSection Editor — Behavioral and Cognitive NeurologyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesDouglas R Nordli, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor and Chief of Child NeurologyUniversity of ChicagoMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAlejandro A Rabinstein, MDSection Editor — NeurointensiveProfessor of Neurology Mayo ClinicSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityJerry W Swanson, MD, MHPEEditor-in-Chief — NeurologySection Editor — HeadacheProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJonathan Trobe, MDSection Editor — Neuro-ophthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Kellogg Eye CenterGlenn A Tung, MD, FACRSection Editor — NeuroradiologyProfessor of Diagnostic ImagingThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityPatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolEditorial AssistantsAnne-Marie Kommers, BAContent Editing AssociateLauren Milne, BAContent Editing CoordinatorAuthorsHamid Abdollahi, MDPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterJonathan Abramowitz, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillGary M Abrams, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeremy S Abramson, MD, MMScDirector, Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolEdward S Ahn, MDProfessor of Neurologic Surgery and PediatricsMayo ClinicSenda Ajroud-Driss, MDInstructor in NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityMichael Alexander, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony A Amato, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSepideh Amin-Hanjani, MDClinical Professor of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineNaser M Ammash, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolNeil M Ampel, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaSupplemental ConsultantMayo Clinic in ArizonaSonia Ancoli-Israel, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Professor of ResearchUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineDanielle M Andrade, MD, MSc, FRCPC.Professor of NeurologyDirector, Epilepsy Genetics ProgramUniversity of TorontoHugo J Aparicio, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineMichael Apicella, MDEmeritus Professor of Microbiology and Internal MedicineThe University of IowaBrian S Appleby, MDDirector, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterBhooma Aravamuthan, MD, DPhilAssistant Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineCarmel Armon, MD, MHSChairman, Department of NeurologyAssaf Harofeh Medical CenterAssociate Clinical Professor of NeurologyTel Aviv University Sackler School of MedicineErika F Augustine, MD, MSAssociate Chief Science OfficerKennedy Krieger InstituteMarilyn Augustyn, MDSection Editor — Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsAssociate ProfessorBoston University School of MedicineEdward K Avila, DOAssociate Clinical Member, Department of NeurologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJoachim M Baehring, MD, DScProfessor, Departments of Neurology and NeurosurgeryYale School of MedicineSteven K Baker, MSc, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine Neuromuscular Disease ClinicFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityLaura J Balcer, MD, MSCEProfessor of Neurology, Population Health and OphthalmologyVice Chair, Department of Neurology NYU Langone Medical CenterElizabeth Barkoudah, MDCo-Director Cerebral Palsy ProgramAssistant in Neurology; Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolJason JS Barton, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Canada Research ChairMedicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology, and Visual SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaJan Basile, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRalph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristian R Baumann, MDClinical Research Priority Program "Sleep and Health," Department of NeurologyUniversity of Zurich, SwitzerlandRodney D Bell, MDProfessor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeSelim R Benbadis, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of South FloridaDavid Benedek, MDProfessor and ChairUniformed Services University School of MedicineJeffrey L Bennett, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity of Colorado DenverAmanda Bergner, MS, CGCAssociate Professor of Genetics and DevelopmentColumbia UniversityLauren A Beslow, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSalman Bhai, MDDirectorNeuromuscular CenterInstitute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterShamik Bhattacharyya, MD, MSAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDon C Bienfang, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark Bilsky, MDAttending Neurologic SurgeonMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor Neurologic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityValérie Biousse, MDReunette Harris Professor of OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineShawn J Bird, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineEdward A Bittner, MD, PhD, MSEd, FCCMAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolDonald W Black, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineStaff psychiatristIowa City Veterans HospitalJanis E Blair, MDProfessor of Medicine, Infectious DiseasesMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceConsultantMayo Clinic in ArizonaMichael J Bloch, MD, FACP, FASH, FSVM, FNLAAssociate Professor, University of Nevada School of MedicineMedical Director, Vascular Care, Renown Regional Medical CenterOlaf A Bodamer, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACMGPark Gerald Chair in Genetics and GenomicsAssociate Chief, Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolJoshua L Bonkowsky, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief, Division of Pediatric NeurologyPrimary Children's Hospital, University of UtahDaniel J Bonthius, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyWake Forest University School of MedicineJulie A Boom, MDProfessorBaylor College of MedicineJoan Bothner, MDProfessor Emeritus, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineManon Bouchard, MD, FRCPCClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity LavalRobin M Bowman, MDAssociate Professor of Neurological SurgeryNorthwestern University's Feinberg School of MedicineAnn and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoDeborah Y Bradshaw, MDResidency Program DirectorDepartment of NeurologyUpstate Medical UniversityWilliam T Branch, Jr, MDCarter Smith Senior Professor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicinePaul W Brazis, MDSection Editor — NeuroophthalmologyProfessor of Neurology, Department of OphthalmologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceStephen JD Brecker, MD, FRCP, FESC, FACCSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseConsultant Cardiologist & Professor of CardiologySt. George's Hospital & St. George’s University of LondonHannah R Briemberg, MD, FRCPCClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaMark B Bromberg, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyDepartment of Neurology, University of UtahJared R Brosch, MD, MScAssociate Professor of NeurologyIndiana UniversityPaul Brown, MDProfessor Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNRichard Bryant, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesRobert W Buchanan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineKatie Bullinger, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorEmory UniversityBrenda Bursch, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAStephanie S Buss, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJohn S Cacciola, PhDAdjunct Professor of Psychology in PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaLeonard H Calabrese, DOProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityAngela M Caliendo, MD, PhDProfessor and Executive Vice Chair of MedicineBrown UniversityErica Camargo Faye, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolE Cabrina Campbell, MDProfessor of PsychiatryVice Chair of Education, Director, Residency ProgramPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterPatrícia Canhão, MD, PhDInvited Assistant Professor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de Universidade de LisboaLouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStanley N Caroff, MDProfessor of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaCpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterBob S Carter, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolGregory D Cascino, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic, RochesterJohn N Caviness, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceDonald J Chadwick, MDAdjunct InstructorMinneapolis Clinic of NeurologyLana Chahine, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghJulio A Chalela, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaSwathy Chandrashekhar, MDNeuromuscular Medicine FellowUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterMichael E Charness, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolChief of StaffVA Boston Healthcare SystemWilliam P Cheshire, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo ClinicAlbert T Cheung, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaStanford University School of MedicineMilan G Chheda, MDAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicineClaudia A Chiriboga, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical CenterColumbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NYKelvin L Chou, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolRoger Chou, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityCindy Christian, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaLisa Christopher-Stine, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineGeorge P Chrousos, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology EmeritusDirector, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision MedicineHolder, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health CareUniversity of Athens, GreeceKathy Chuang, MDInstructor in Neurology and Neuromuscular MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCo-directorMGH Paralysis ProgramChief, Neuromuscular RehabilitationMassachusetts General HospitalDavid Glenn Clark, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyIndiana UniversityMeredith Clement, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistAssistant ProfessorLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansPhillip Coffin, MD, MIADirector of Substance Use ResearchCenter for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public HealthAnna S Cohen, MDConsultant NeurologistRoyal Free Hospital, LondonMark L Cohen, MDCo-Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineProfessor of Pathology & NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterAndrew J Cole, MD, FRCP(C)Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCynthia Comella, MDProfessor Emeritus, Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterRobin Conwit, MDProgram Director, Division of Extramural ResearchNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeGary M Cox, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterWilliam J Craigen, MD, PhDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineClaire J Creutzfeldt, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarborview Stroke CenterUniversity of WashingtonScott J Crow, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaBrett L Cucchiara, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterMerit E Cudkowicz, MD, MScChair, Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalProfessor of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineF Michael Cutrer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJosep Dalmau, MD, PhDICREA Professor of NeurologyHospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, SpainAdjunct Professor of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaSonye K Danoff, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBasil T Darras, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJohn F Dashe, MD, PhDDeputy Editor — NeurologyAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineWilliam S David, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolIrene de Boer, MDClinical Research FellowLeiden University Medical CenterAdam de Havenon, MD, MSAssociate professor of NeurologyYale School of MedicinePelle P de Koning, MDDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLinda S de Vries, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor in Neonatal NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Leiden University Medical CenterAndres Deik, MD, MSEdAssociate Professor of Clinical NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul F Dellaripa, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexis Demopoulos, MDDirector, Neuro-OncologyCancer Institute, Hartford HealthCareDamiaan Denys, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the KNAW, AmsterdamRichard A Deyo, MD, MPHProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Family Medicine, Department of MedicineOregon Institute of Occupational Health Services, Oregon Health & Science UniversityCecilia Di Pentima, MDDirector of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesGoryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health SystemProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson UniversityLuciano S Dias, MDProfessor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityMartin Dichgans, MDProfessor of NeurologyLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenBradford C Dickerson, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJorg Dietrich, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolGary A Dildy, III, MD, FACOG, CPHQ, CPPSClinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineMazen M Dimachkie, MDExecutive Vice Chairman & Neuromuscular Division DirectorProfessor – Department of NeurologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterElizabeth A Dinces, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical OtolaryngologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineTimothy J Doherty, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessorWestern UniversityAlice D Domar, PhDChief Compassion OfficerInception FertilityFrank J Domino, MDProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJohn E Donahue, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and NeurologyRhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJan Drappatz, MDAssociate DirectorAdult Neuro-Oncology ProgramAssociate ProfessorDepartments ofNeurology and MedicineUniversity of PittsburghFrank W Drislane, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolKaren L Dugosh, PhDSenior ScientistPublic Health Management CorporationRoderick Duncan, MD, PhD, FRCPAssociate Professor of Neurology University of OtagoVikram Durairaj, MDClinical Professor, Department of OphthalmologyDell Medical School – University of Texas at AustinJonathan A Edlow, MD, FACEPSection Editor — Neurologic EmergenciesProfessor of Medicine and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew A Edwardson, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology and Rehabilitation MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterScott DZ Eggers, MDConsultant and Associate Professor of NeurologyCollege of Medicine & ScienceMayo ClinicRachel A Egler, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityAs'ad Ehtisham, MD, MBBS, FAHAVascular Neurology, Stroke & Neuro Critical Care ProgramBanner Thunderbird Medical CenterApril F Eichler, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Neurology and Sleep MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolFlorian S Eichler, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJohn F Eidt, MDSection Editor — Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryProfessor of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science CenterVice Chair of Vascular Surgical Services, Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital at DallasAndrew Eisen, MD, FRCPCProfessor EmeritusUniversity of British Columbia, Division of NeurologyMitchell SV Elkind, MD, MS, FAANProfessor of Neurology and EpidemiologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsAndrew I Elkwood, MD, MBA, FACSPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterFounder and Co-DirectorCenter for Treatment of Paralysis & Reconstructive Nerve SurgeryHackensack Meridian Health, Jersey Shore University Medical CenterWilliam J Elliott, MD, PhDSection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and PharmacologyHead, Division of PharmacologyChair, Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WALauren B Elman, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineScott K Epstein, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichael Erdil, MD, FACOEMAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineDivision of Occupational Medicine University of Connecticut School of MedicineChristine Doss Esper, MDAssociate Professor, Department of NeurologyJean & Paul Amos PD and Movement Disorders ProgramClinical Director, Emory Brain Health Center Motion Analysis LaboratoryEmory University School of MedicineD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRandolph W Evans, MD, FAANClinical Professor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineStewart A Factor, DOProfessor, Department of NeurologyDirector, Movement Disorders ProgramEmory University School of MedicineRonald J Falk, MDNan and Hugh Cullman Eminent Professor of NephrologyChair, Department of MedicineDirector, UNC Kidney CenterUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel HillJason Fangusaro, MDProfessor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineMartin R Farlow, MDProfessor of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineRebecca K Fastle, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAssociate Chief Medical Officer, PALS Transfer Center and Care ManagementThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineBrian M Feldman, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenEva L Feldman, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterRenata Ferrarotto, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine and OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJosé M Ferro, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de LisboaBernard A Fischer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineMarc Fisher, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolEoin P Flanagan, MB.BChAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineJori Fleisher, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of Neurological SciencesRush UniversityPatricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisNancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, MSProfessor of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityDirector, Cleveland Clinic Sleep Disorders CenterRobert L Foote, MD, FACR, FASTROEmeritus Professor, Department of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJennifer H Foster, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's HospitalChristine Fox, MD, MASAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoPatrick M Foye, MDProfessor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDirector, Coccyx Pain CenterRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCW David Freeman, MDProfessor of Neurology Mayo ClinicN Deborah Friedman, MPH, MBBS, FRACP, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases PhysicianBarwon Health, Geelong, VIC AustraliaThomas Frieling, MDDirector Medizinische Klinik IIHELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, GermanyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of DüsseldorfMatthew J Frigault, MDInstructor of Medicine/Assistant Director, Cellular Immunotherapy ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolElliot M Frohman, MD, PhD, FANA, FAANDistinguished Senior FellowLaboratory of Neuroimmunology, Stanford University School of MedicineTeresa C Frohman, MSPA, PA-C, FANAAssociate Professor of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and NeurosurgeryCo-Director of the MS and Neuroimmunology Center Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at AustinKaren L Furie, MD, MPHChair and Professor of NeurologyAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJoseph M Furman, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity of PittsburghNestor Galvez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, MHSA, FACPThe Pauline M. Braathen Endowed Chair Chairman, Department of Neurology Cleveland Clinic Florida Clinical Professor of Neurology Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineVanthaya Gan, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterRavindra Kumar Garg, MD, DM, FRCPProfessor and Head Department of Neurology King George Medical UniversityEric Garshick, MD, MOHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceDouglas Gelb, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAmy A Gelfand, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics Director of Pediatric HeadacheUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey M Gelfand, MD, MAS, FAANAssociate Professor of Clinical NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichael S Gelfand, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicineAlex George, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, PediatricsBrenner Children's HospitalWake Forest UniversityPeter C Gerszten, MD, MPH, FACSProfessor of Neurosurgery and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterChristopher H Gibbons, MD, MMSc, FAANAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSummer Gibson, MDAssistant Professor and CNC Medical Director of NeurologyDivision of Neuromuscular Medicine, University of UtahDonald L Gilbert, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and Neurology; Director, Movement Disorders and Tourette Syndrome ClinicsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterJames M Gilchrist, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of NeurologySouthern Illinois University School of MedicineSyndee Givre, MD, PhDAdjunct Professor of OphthalmologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChristopher C Glisson, DO, MS, FAANMedical Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology ProgramMercy Health Hauenstein NeurosciencesAssistant Professor, Department of Neurology and OphthalmologyMichigan State UniversityStephen J Gluckman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePeter J Goadsby, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyKing's College LondonUniversity of California, Los AngelesRichard P Goddeau, Jr, DO, FAHADeputy Editor — NeurologyAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolKhean Jin Goh, MBBS, FRCPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaLarry B Goldstein, MD, FAAN, FANA, FAHAProfessor and Chairman of Neurology Co-Director, Kentucky Neuroscience Institute KY Clinic - University of KentuckyVinai Gondi, MDDirector of Research & Education, Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMithra O Gonzalez, MDOculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, OtolaryngologyFlaum Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of RochesterClifton L Gooch, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of NeurologyUniversity of South FloridaDavid A Gorelick, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineNamita A Goyal, MDProfessor of NeurologyUC IrvineNeill R Graff-Radford, MBBCh, FRCPProfessor of NeurologyMayo College of MedicineJennifer Graves, MD, PhD, MASAssociate Professor of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD)Benjamin Greenberg, MD, MHSDirector, Transverse Myelitis, Neuromyelitis Optica and Pediatric Demyelinating Disease ProgramUT Southwestern Medical CenterChildren's Medical Center DallasSteven A Greenberg, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSteven M Greenberg, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPatricia Greenstein, MB, BChAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMatthias Guckenberger, MDProfessor & Chairman, Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of ZurichDebra Guinn, MD, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal Fetal Medicine Division DirectorObstetrical Services Medical DirectorDept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s HealthUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineRishi Gupta, MDWellstar Medical Group, NeurosurgeryWellstar Health SystemJose Gutierrez, MD, MPHFlorence Irving Assistant Professor of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterLaurie Gutmann, MDSection Editor - Neuromuscular Disorders (Neurology)Professor and Chair, Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of Medicine Indiana University HealthSihoun Hahn, MD, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's HospitalHiba Arif Haider, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology University of ChicagoRula A Hajj-Ali, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineMatthew Hallman, MDAssistant ProfessorU of Washington Dept of AnesthesiologyDerrick Hamaoka, LtCol, USAF, MC, FSAssociate ProfessorUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSteven S HamelPatient Perspective Author – Parkinson diseaseRobert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACSProfessor Emeritus, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaHidehiko Hara, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineToho University Ohashi Medical CenterHordur S Hardarson, MDPhysician, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesDomus Medica Health ClinicAbilash Haridas, MD, FAANSChief of Pediatric NeurosurgeryCerebrovascular & Skull Base NeurosurgerySt. Joseph Children's HospitalHolly K Harris, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineGriffith R Harsh, IV, MD, MBAProfessor and Chairman, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, DavisCarol Hartigan, MDMedical DirectorNew England Baptist Hospital Spine Center Assistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolRodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineUTHealth, McGovern Medical SchoolThomas R Hedges, III, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyTufts University School of MedicineDirector of Neuroophthalmology, New England Eye CenterSimon M Helfgott, MDSection Editor — General Rheumatology and Related TopicsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert Henderson, MDDirector of NeurologyRoyal Brisbane & Women's HospitalCharles H Hennekens, MD, DrPHFirst Sir Richard Doll Professor & Senior Academic Advisor to the Dean, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic UniversityClinical Professor, Nova Southeastern UniversityVoluntary Professor, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineAdjunct Professor, Meharry Medical College and Baylor College of MedicineAndrew D Hershey, MD, PhD, FAAN, FAHSEndowed Chair and Director of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterProfessor of Pediatrics and NeurologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineLloyd A Hey, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineAssociate Professor, North Carolina State University, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringSusan Hickenbottom, MD, MSAdjunct Associate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganDirector, Stroke ProgramSt. Joseph Mercy Health SystemCharles B Hicks, MDProfessor of Medicine (Voluntary Faculty)University of California, San DiegoNicholas S Hill, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineLawrence J Hirsch, MDProfessor of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineChiefDivision of Epilepsy and EEG Co-DirectorYale Comprehensive Epilepsy CenterCharles C Ho, MDStaff AnesthesiologistBeverly Anesthesia AssociatesFred H Hochberg, MDProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of California at San Diego Moores Cancer CenterRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineJennifer Hopp, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineLesley D Hordon, MDConsultant in RheumatologyUniversity of Leeds, United KingdomJonathan Howard, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and PsychiatryNYU Langone School of MedicineMichael Howell, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolPhilip S Hsu, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyTufts University School of MedicineAlice A Hunter, MDStaff OrthopedistLahey Hospital and Medical CenterClare Hutchinson, MDCM, FRCPCPediatric RheumatologistUniversity of TorontoRebecca Ichord, MDProfessor, Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMichael R Irwin, MDCousins Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAProfessor of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and SciencesZacharia Isaac, MDSection Editor — Soft Tissue Rheumatic DiseaseAssistant Professor in Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolKoto Ishida, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU Medical CenterJoseph Jankovic, MDProfessor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineJeffrey G Jarvik, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiology and Neurological SurgeryAdjunct Professor, Health Services, Pharmacy, and Orthopedics & Sports MedicineDirector, Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonJeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACSChair, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryMinneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalJeffrey Jirsch, MD, MSc., FRCPCAssociate Professor, Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoKimberly S Johnson, MDProfessorDivision of Geriatric MedicineDuke University Medical CenterEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterLori Jordan, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Neurology, and RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterJeffrey Joseph, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Calgary School of MedicineEdward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)Associate Professor, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster UniversityAdeeba Kamarulzaman, MBBS, FRACPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaPeter B Kang, MD, FAAP, FAANDirector, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy CenterVice Chair of Research, Department of NeurologyScholar, Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterPeter W Kaplan, MB, FRCPProfessor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMatthias A Karajannis, MD, MSChief, Pediatric Neuro-Oncology ServiceMember, Attending PediatricianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterSteven Karceski, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJason Karlawish, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical Ethics and Health PolicyUniversity of PennsylvaniaMounzer Kassab, MDProfessor of NeurologyMichigan State UniversityAkshat Katyayan, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineCarol A Kauffman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Fungal InfectionsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMatthew R Kaufman, MD, FACSClinical Assistant Professor of SurgeryDivision of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryThe David Geffen UCLA Medical CenterCo-DirectorCenter for Treatment of Paralysis & Reconstructive Nerve SurgeryHackensack Meridian HealthJersey Shore University Medical CenterHoracio Kaufmann, MDProfessor of Neurology and MedicineNew York University School of MedicineSachin Kedar, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineAnuwat Keerasuntornpong, MDDivision of Infectious DiseasesSiriraj Hospital Mahidol University, BangkokMark A Kelley, MD, MACPVisiting Scholar, Harvard Business SchoolPhysician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalHillary R Kelly, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAmir S Khan, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUCSF FresnoSajid A Khan, MDResearch FellowArnold Pain Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterPooja Khatri, MD, MScProfessor, Dept of Neurology and Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiChaouki Khoury, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Neurology and Child NeurologyTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoRobyn S Klein, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineChristopher L Knight, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonIgor J Koralnik, MDArchibald Church Professor of NeurologySection Chief, Neuro-Infectious Diseases & Global NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityBruce R Korf, MD, PhDWayne H and Sara Crews Finley Endowed Chair in Medical GeneticsDistinguished Professor, Department of GeneticsChief Genomics OfficerThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)Associate Dean for Genomic MedicineChristian M Korff, MDHead, Pediatric NeurologyGeneva University HospitalsEric HW Kossoff, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineSuresh Kotagal, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNMilind J Kothari, DOProfessor of Neurology and Medical EducationVice-Chair, Faculty DevelopmentUSF Health, Morsani College of MedicineNeil W Kowall, MDProfessor of Neurology and PathologyBoston University School of MedicineNaomi R Kramer, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityKevin R Krull, PhDMember, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalAllan Krumholz, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineGeoffrey Kuhlman, MD, CAQSM, FAAFPPhysicianAMITA Health Medical GroupFormer Team PhysicianUnited States National Soccer TeamsNeeraj Kumar, MDProfessor, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic Rochester, MNDavid Lacomis, MDProfessor of Neurology and PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineShafeeq S Ladha, MDProfessor of Clinical NeurologyIra A and Mary Lou Fulton Chair in Motor Neuron DiseasesBarrow Neurological InstituteDenis Lafreniere, MDProfessor and Chief of the Division of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterSeema R Lalani, MDProfessor, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineDale J Lange, MDProfessor of NeurologyWeill Cornell MedicineMaarten G Lansberg, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford Stroke CenterEric B Larson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonCaitlin S Latimer, MD, PhDActing Instructor in NeuropathologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterIlya Laufer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineChristine L Lay, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoHarold L Lazar, MDProfessor of Cardiothoracic SurgeryBoston University School of MedicineJay Lebow, PhD, ABPPProfessor of PsychologyThe Family Institute at Northwestern and Northwestern UniversityAndrew G Lee, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell College of MedicineEudocia Quant Lee, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMen-Jean Lee, MDKosasa Endowed Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HawaiiMichael S Lee, MDProfessorDepartments of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of MinnesotaSuzee E Lee, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUCSF Memory and Aging CenterLara M Leijser, MD, PhD, MScAssistant Professor in Neonatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteKerry Levin, MDChairman, Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicProfessorCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthJoshua M Levine, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaRichard A Lewis, MDProfessor of NeurologyCedars-Sinai Medical CenterB UK Li, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyProfessor of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinTsao-Wei Liang, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversitySarah C Lidstone, MD, PhDDirector, Integrated Movement Disorders ProgramAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoDavid S Liebeskind, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesMiranda M Lim, MD, PhDStaff Neurologist, VA Portland Health Care SystemAssociate Professor, Departments of Neurology, Medicine, and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Science UniversityGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaThomas E Lloyd, MD, PhDCodirector, Johns Hopkins Myositis CenterProfessor of Neurology and NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMina Lobbous, MDAssistant Professor, Department of NeurologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityStaff Physician, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology CenterCleveland Clinic FoundationJay S Loeffler, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyHerman and Joan Professor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolJose Lopez-Sendon, MD, PhDChief, Cardiology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazInstituto de Investigación La PazTimothy E Lotze, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineDavid N Louis, MDPathologist-in-ChiefMassachusetts General HospitalBenjamin Castleman Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolStefanie R Lowas, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolAndrew M Luks, MDProfessor - Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Medicine, University of WashingtonCharles G Macias, MD, MPHChief Quality Officer/Vice Chair Quality & Safety-University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve UniversityKenneth J Mack, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsChair, Division of Child and Adolescent NeurologyMayo Clinic College Of Medicine and ScienceJoanna V MacLean, MDAssistant Professor, Clinician Educator, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMichael E Mahler, MDClinical Professor, NeurologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLAArshad Majid, MB, ChB, FRCPProfessor of Cerebrovascular Neurology and Consultant NeurologistUniversity of SheffieldStephan C Mann, MD, DLFAPAPrivate practiceHarleysville, PAWarren J Manning, MDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of Medicine and RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNicholas J Maragakis, MDProfessor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityKaren J Marcus, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteChristina M Marra, MDProfessor of Neurology, Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)University of Washington School of MedicineDavid B Matchar, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyDuke University Medical CenterDirector, Program in Health Services and Systems ResearchDuke-NUS Medical SchoolManjit S Matharu, MDConsultant NeurologistThe National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, LondonArne May, MDProfessor of Neurology, Department of Systems NeuroscienceUniversity Clinic Hamburg, Eppendorf (UKE)William McBride, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicinePhiladelphia College of Osteopathic MedicineMark O McCarron, MD, FRCPConsultant NeurologistAltnagelvin HospitalMicah T McClain, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterLeo McCluskey, MD, MBEALS Program Director, Atrium Health NeurosciencesCarolinas Medical CenterColin McDonald, MDInstructor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolThomas McElrath, MD, PhDProfessor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNikolaus McFarland, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neurology & Chief, Movement Disorders DivisionDepartment of Neurology, University of FloridaMichael L McGarvey, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSandhya Mehla, MDVascular Neurologist and Headache SpecialistHartford HealthcareAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineMinesh Mehta, MDChair, Radiation OncologyFlorida International UniversityGerda Meijler, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistIsala Women and Children’s HospitalMario F Mendez, MD, PhDSection Editor — Behavioral and Cognitive NeurologyProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesPeter A Merkel, MD, MPHSection Editor — VasculitisChief, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaGeno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVMProfessor of Medicine & SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeLisa J Merlo, PhD, MPEAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaKevin Messacar, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoSteven R Messé, MDProfessor of NeurologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaLaura K Metrock, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamDominique Michaud, Sc.DProfessorDepartment of Public Health & Community MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolDavid Michelson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsLoma Linda UniversityJohn J Millichap, MD, FAAP, FAANAdjunct Associate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineJonathan W Mink, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, and NeuroscienceUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterSusan L Mitchell, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJohn F Modlin, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Emeritus)Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthJeremy Moeller, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineThomas P Monath, MD, FACP, FASTMHAdjunct Professor (Emeritus)Harvard School of Public HealthThomas J Montine, MD, PHDProfessor in PathologyStanford UniversityAnne Marie Morse, DOClinical Associate Professor, Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineGeisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children's HospitalMaria Moschovi, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of AthensEllen Mowry, MD, MCRProfessor of Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityKenneth J Mukamal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSuraj Ashok Muley, MD, FAAN, FACPMedical Director of NeuroimmunologyBob Bove Neuroscience Institute at HonorhealthMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityFrancesco Muratore, MDRheumatology UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio EmiliaElie Naddaf, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicRam N Narayan, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, PhoenixCreighton University School of MedicineFabio A Nascimento, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAEEG/Epilepsy Clinical FellowAriel B Neikrug, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California, IrvineTerry A Neill, MDDirector, Vascular and Critical Care NeurologySacred Heart Hospital, PensacolaNancy J Newman, MDLeo Delle Jolley Professor of OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineThien T Nguyen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSonya Norman, PhDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalJed G Nuchtern, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery DivisionBaylor College of MedicineHope O'Brien, MD, MBA, FAAN, FAHSFounder & CEOHeadache Center of HopeLiza C O'Dowd, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineErin O'Ferrall, MDAssistant ProfessorMcGill UniversityChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHideki Ogiwara, MD, PhDChief, Division of NeurosurgeryNational Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanMatthew Old, MD, FACSProfessor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryHead and Neck Division DirectorMedical Director, Head and Neck Service LineThe James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research InstituteWexner Medical Center at The Ohio State UniversityMichael J Olek, DOAssociate Professor of NeurologyTouro University Nevada College of Osteopathic MedicineJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilDavid Oliver, BSc, FRCP, FRCGPHonorary ProfessorUniversity of KentWilliam G Ondo, MDWeill Cornell Medical SchoolDirector, Movement Disorders, Methodist Neurological CenterMary A O'Neal, MDDirector of Women's NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalPuneet Opal, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityHarry T Orr, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaInstitute for Translational NeuroscienceErik Ortega, MDAssistant ProfessorBarrow Neurological InstituteBenjamin Osborne, MDAssociate ProfessorGeorgetown University HospitalLauren M Osborne, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and of Gynecology & ObstetricsDirector, Center for Women’s Reproductive Mental HealthFellowship Director, Advanced Specialty Training Program in Reproductive PsychiatryThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineJulie J Paik, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Division of RheumatologyAjit Paintal, MDAssistant Clinical Professor Department of PathologyUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineJose-Alberto Palma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJohn K Park, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChief of Neurological SurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian Queens HospitalMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceBenjamin J Pearce, MD, FACSAssociate Professor and Program DirectorVascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamK Michelle Peavy, PhD, MACClinical Associate ProfessorDirector of Training, PRISM CollaborativeDept. of Community and Behavioral HealthElson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversityVictoria S Pelak, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and OphthalmologyPage B Pennell, MDChair, Department of NeurologyHenry B. Higman Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterJohn R Perfect, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterLyle R Petersen, MD, MPHDirectorDivision of Vector-borne Infectious DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionRonald C Petersen, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceCathy A Petti, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaAxel Petzold, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCOphthDoctorUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UKRobert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRSElectrophysiologistAlbany Associates in CardiologyMonica L Piecyk, MDInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPenelope Pivalizza, MDDevelopmental and Behavioral PediatricianIndependent practice, HoustonSharon E Plon, MD, PhDDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterProfessorPediatrics/Hematology-OncologyMolecular and Human GeneticsHuman Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineChristopher R Polage, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyDuke University School of MedicineScott L Pomeroy, MD, PhDBronson Crothers Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolShyam Prabhakaran, MD, MSProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of ChicagoDaniel Press, MDAssociate Professor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark R Proctor, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolDianna Quan, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineColin Quinn, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaAlejandro A Rabinstein, MDSection Editor — NeurointensiveProfessor of Neurology Mayo ClinicVenkatakrishna Rajajee, MBBSClinical Professor of Neurosurgery and NeurologyUniversity of Michigan, Ann ArborJeffrey Ralph, MDClinical ProfessorUCSF Dept. of NeurologyNaren Ramakrishna, MD, PhDDirector of Neuro and Pediatric Radiation OncologyOrlando Health Cancer InstituteProfessor of Radiation Oncology University of Central Florida College of MedicineMuhammad Ramzan, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalLawrence D Recht, MDProfessor of NeurologyStanford University School of MedicineCarrie Elizabeth Robertson, MDSection Editor - Headache (Neurology)Assistant Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMaisha T Robinson, MD, MSAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicJessica Robinson-Papp, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRobert L Rodnitzky, MDProfessor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineMichael Ronthal, MDProfessor of Neurology EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBruce D RosenblumPatient Perspective Author – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisMyrna R Rosenfeld, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, SpainAdjunct Professor of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNatalia S Rost, MD, MPHProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDevon I Rubin, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceSeward B Rutkove, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMonique M Ryan, FRACPProfessorUniversity of MelbourneHead, Department of NeurologyRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneCarlo Salvarani, MDProfessor of RheumatologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaWolfram E Samlowski, MDComprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada (Las Vegas)Clinical Professor, University of Nevada, RenoClinical Professor, University of Nevada, Las VegasJohn H Sampson, MD, PhD, MBARobert H. and Gloria Wilkins Distinguished Professor of NeurosurgeryProfessor of Biomedical Engineering, Immunology, and PathologyChair, Department of NeurosurgeryDuke University Medical CenterOwen B Samuels, MDProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryEmory UniversityJitender Sareen, MD, FRCPCProfessor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaMuhamed Saric, MD, PhD, FACC, FASEAssociate Professor of Medicine — Noninvasive CardiologyNew York University School of MedicineAndrew J Saxon, MDSection Editor — Substance Use DisordersProfessor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarlos H Schenck, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolDavid Schiff, MDProfessor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineMichael L Schilsky, MD, FAASLDMedical Director, Adult Liver Transplant Yale-New Haven Transplantation CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Transplantation and ImmunologyYale University Medical CenterJennifer Schreiber, MDGeorgetown University HospitalRebecca J Schultz, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC, FAESAssociate ProfessorTexas Woman's UniversityPeter H Schur, MDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Basic ScienceProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSara Schutzman, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolTodd J Schwedt, MD, MSCIProfessor of NeurologyMayo ClinicHenrik Winther Schytz, MD, PhD, DMSCiAssociate Professor, Danish Headache CenterUniversity of CopenhagenDuygu Selcen, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMagdy Selim, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of Stroke & Cerebrovascular DiseaseBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterKevin A Sevarino, MD, PhDAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineDaniel J Sexton, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterVikram G Shakkottai, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyDedman Family Distinguished Chair in Neurological Disease UT Southwestern Medical CenterJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityPaul Shekelle, MDProfessor of MedicineUCLA Medical SchoolRenée Shellhaas, MD, MSAssociate Dean for Faculty Promotions & Career DevelopmentProfessor, Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisRick Sherva, PhDAssistant ProfessorBoston University School of Medicine Genetics ProgramEvelyn K Shih, MD, PhDInstructor, Division of NeurologyThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalTina Shih, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineKenneth S Shindler, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaJason M Shohet, MD, PhDDivision Chair, Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolClaire L Shovlin, PhD, FRCPProfessor of Practice (Clinical and Molecular Medicine), NHLI Cardiovascular SciencesImperial College, LondonFarhan Siddiq, MDAssistant Professor of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineMichael H Silber, MBChBProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceLaura Simionescu, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUpstate Medical University and University HospitalBarry P Simmons, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAlexis Simpkins, MD, PhD, MSCR, FAHAStaff Clinician, Vascular Neurology DivisionDepartment of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterHelen Blair Simpson, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityDaniel E Singer, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterAneesh Singhal, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph I Sirven, MDProfessor and Chair Emeritus of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineAndrew Skodol, MDSection Editor — Personality DisordersResearch Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolA Gordon Smith, MDProfessor and Chair of NeurologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityEdward R Smith, MDDepartment of NeurosurgeryChildren's Hospital BostonHarvard Medical SchoolEric E Smith, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of CalgarySabrina E Smith, MD, PhDPediatric NeurologistKaiser Permanente Oakland Medical CenterStephen N Smith, PE (ret)Patient Perspective Author – Restless legs syndromeCarl Snyderman, MD, MBAProfessor, Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineYuen T So, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford UniversityFrederick S Southwick, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of FloridaMeredith A Spindler, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineErik K St Louis, MD, MSProfessor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineResearch Chair, Mayo Clinic Southwest WisconsinDepartments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic and FoundationIrene P Stafford, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center/McGovern Medical SchoolThomas O Staiger, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMark M Stecker, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACNS, FASNMPresidentFresno Institute of NeuroscienceS J Steggerda, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyMurray B Stein, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — PsychiatrySection Editor — Anxiety DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoBarney J Stern, MDProfessor, Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryAndrew Stolbach, MD, MPH, FAACT, FACMT, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityEric Strain, MDDirector, Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and ResearchDirector, Behavioral Pharmacology Research UnitJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJack M Su, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorTexas Children's Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineOksana Suchowersky, MD, FRCPC, FCCMGProfessor of Neurology, Medical Genetics, and PediatricsUniversity of AlbertaKathryn N Suh, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa, CanadaCathlyn Sullivan, DOJohn A Burns School of Medicine, Department of Ob/GynUniversity of HawaiiChristina Sun-Edelstein, MD, FRACPDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesSt. Vincent's HospitalBernhard Suter, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics & NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineNijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, MDProfessor of NeurologyChulalongkorn University Medical SchoolGeeta K Swamy, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityVineeta T Swaroop, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityMatthew D Sztajnkrycer, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineMayo Medical SchoolDanielle S Takacs, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalMadhura Tamhankar, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyScheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSidhartha Tan, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineBaron Tang, PT, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPTFaculty at Evidence in MotionIra N Targoff, MDSection Editor — Muscle DiseaseProfessor of Medicine, Section of RheumatologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterDaniel Tarsy, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew Tarulli, MDClinical Associate Professor of NeurologyThomas Jefferson UniversityRobert C Tasker, MBBS, MDProfessor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolFrederick R Taylor, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of MinnesotaRobert A Taylor, MDStroke and Neurovascular Center of Central CaliforniaSanta Barbara Cottage HospitalScott A Teitelbaum, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaScott Temple, PhDClinical Professor, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsGisela M Terwindt, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterAnjala Tess, MDAssistant Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJennifer L Thompson, MDAssistant Professor Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterLinda Thompson, MDCook Children's HospitalFort Worth, TexasJan-Mendelt Tillema, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicChristopher Tinkle, MD, PhDAssociate Member, Department of Radiation OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalPeter K Todd, MD, PhDHarris Professor of NeurologyDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganStaff PhysicianVAMC Ann ArborTadanori Tomita, MDYeager Professor, Division of Pediatric NeurosurgeryAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineLaura Tormoehlen, MD, FACMT, FAANAssociate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Emergency Medicine-ToxicologyIndiana UniversityRaymond R Townsend, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaRicha Tripathi, MDAssistant ProfessorEmory UniversityTanya N Turan, MD, MSCRProfessor of NeurologyMedical University of South CarolinaPaul T Twydell, DOClinical Assistant Professor, Division of NeurosciencesMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSanthosh A Upadhyaya, MDAssistant Member, Dept. of Oncology, Division of Neuro-OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMartin van den Bent, MD, PhDDaniel den Hoed Oncology CenterNeuro-Oncology UnitGregory P Van Stavern, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWashington University, St. LouisAstrid van Tubergen, MD, PhDProfessor of RheumatologyMaastricht University Medical CenterJohn Varga, MDFrederick G Huetwell ProfessorChief of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganJoseph Varon, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FRSMProfessor of Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonClinical Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical BranchDavid M Vernick, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolSimone Veronese, MD, MSc, PhDHead of ResearchPalliative Care Department, Fondazione FaroTurin, ItalyAdele Viguera, MDDirector of Research, Women’s Mental Health; Assistant Professor in PsychiatryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineRuth Ann Vleugels, MD, MPH, MBAAssociate Professor in DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolNicholas J Volpe, MDTarry Professor and ChairmanDepartment of OphthalmologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineL Erik von Hahn, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsTufts University School of MedicineMarc Wakasa, MDClinical InstructorStanford University School of MedicineAmy T Waldman, MDAssistant Professor of Child NeurologyChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDavid Richard Walega, MDAssociate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineFrancis O Walker, MDProfessor, Neuromuscular ConditionsCenter for Worker HealthWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterMichael Wall, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineDaniel J Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThe David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLARonald JA Wanders, PhDProfessor of Clinical Enzymology of Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamJames C Watson, MDProfessor of Neurology and AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and SciencePeter C Weber, MD, FACSProfessor and Head, Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterDavid H Weinberg, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyTufts University School of MedicineGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAmy C Weintrob, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe George Washington University and Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLaura Weissman, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey I Weitz, MDProfessor of Medicine and BiochemistryMcMaster UniversityWilliam C Welch, MD, FACS, FICSFrederick A. Simeone Professor of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaChair of NeurosurgeryThe Pennsylvania HospitalPeter F Weller, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Tropical MedicineWilliam Bosworth Castle Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthMatthew Wemple, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicinePatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJames C West, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesDeborah J Wexler, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClinical DirectorMGH Diabetes CenterMark A Whealy, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyDivision of HeadacheDepartment of NeurologyMayo Clinic RochesterStephanie G Wheeler, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonAmanda Whitaker, MDAssistant Professor-PracticeNationwide Children’s HospitalOrthopaedic SurgeryThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineChristopher T Whitlow, MD, PhD, MHAAssociate Professor and Chief of NeuroradiologyWake Forest School of MedicineEelco FM Wijdicks, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Medical SchoolAngus Wilfong, MDChief of NeurologyBarrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's HospitalProfessor, Child Health and Neurology, University of Arizona - PhoenixLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolEric A Williams, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCraig Williamson, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and NeurologyUniversity of MichiganChristina A Wilson, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of FloridaJanet L Wilterdink, MDDirector, Evidence-Based Medicine — UpToDateDeputy Editor — NeurologyClinical Associate ProfessorBrown University School of MedicineJohn W Winkelman, MD, PhDChief, Sleep Disorders Clinical Research ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJoyce E Wipf, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFranz J Wippold II, MD, FACRProfessor of RadiologyMallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineAdjunct Professor of Radiology/Radiological SciencesUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesElaine Wirrell, MDProfessor of Neurology and Director of Pediatric EpilepsyMayo ClinicChristopher M Wise, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemDavid A Wolk, MDProfessor of NeurologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaEric T Wong, MD, FANA, FAANProfessor of Neurology, Medicine, Neurosurgery & Radiation OncologyThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityR Joshua Wootton, MDiv, PhDDirector of Pain Psychology, RetiredHarvard Medical SchoolClinton B Wright, MD, MSDirector, Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthTeresa S Wright, MD, FAAD, FAAPAssociate Professor, Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterDivision Chief, Pediatric DermatologyLeBonheur Children's HospitalJulian K Wu, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryTufts University School of MedicineYvonne Wu, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San Francisco*kara J Wyant, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Department of NeurologyJoel Yager, MDSection Editor — Eating DisordersProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineShadi Yaghi, MD, FAHAProfessor of Neurology and Vascular Neurology Division ChiefThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJinoos Yazdany, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San Francisco*kaleb Yohay, MDDirector, Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis CenterDirector, Division of Child NeurologyDepartment of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineDavid T Yu, MDEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of California Los AngelesCraig Zaidman, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisHuda Y Zoghbi, MDProfessor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicinePeer ReviewersAnthony A Amato, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarl W Bazil, MD, PhDCaitlin Tynan Doyle Professor of Clinical NeurologyDirector, Division of Epilepsy and SleepColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsCarolyn A Bernstein, MD, FAHSAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJosé Biller, MD, FACP, FAAN, FAHASection Editor — StrokeProfessor of Neurology and Neurological SurgeryChairman Department of NeurologyLoyola University ChicagoStritch School of MedicineValérie Biousse, MDReunette Harris Professor of OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineDeborah Y Bradshaw, MDResidency Program DirectorDepartment of NeurologyUpstate Medical UniversityGregory D Cascino, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic, RochesterEmma Ciafaloni, MD, FAANProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsUniversity of RochesterJohn de Groot, MDProfessor, Chief of Neuro-OncologyUCSF Department of Neurological SurgeryVanja Douglas, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical NeurologyUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineEric Eggenberger, DOProfessorMayo Clinic Florida Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and NeurosurgeryEdward Feldmann, MDProfessor of NeurologyTufts University School of MedicineMichael T Fitch, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest UniversityJoseph M Furman, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity of PittsburghDaniel Harrison, MDAssistant Professor University of Maryland School of MedicineChristopher W Hess, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology University of FloridaLawrence J Hirsch, MDProfessor of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineChiefDivision of Epilepsy and EEG Co-DirectorYale Comprehensive Epilepsy CenterJonathan Howard, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and PsychiatryNYU Langone School of MedicineEdward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)Associate Professor, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster UniversityThomas Kaley, MDMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterRobert G Kaniecki, MDDirectorUPMC Headache CenterChiefHeadache DivisionDirectorHeadache Fellowship Training ProgramAssistant DirectorNeurology Residency Training ProgramAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSteven Karceski, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNarayan R Kissoon, MDAssistant ProfessorMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceChristian M Korff, MDHead, Pediatric NeurologyGeneva University HospitalsAnthony E Lang, OC, MD, FRCPC, FAAN, FCAHS, FRSCChair for Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Research University of TorontoEric Legius, MD, PhDProfessor of Human GeneticsCatholic University of Leuven, BelgiumGeoffrey Littlejohn, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMonash University, AustraliaAndrew L Lux, MSc, PhD, FRCPCHConsultant in Paediatric NeurologyBristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenKenneth J Mack, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsChair, Division of Child and Adolescent NeurologyMayo Clinic College Of Medicine and ScienceJennifer Majersik, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of UtahAnil Mendiratta, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJohn W Miller, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryDirector UW Regional Epilepsy CenterUniversity of WashingtonTracey A Milligan, MD, MS, FAANProfessor of NeurologyNew York Medical CollegeStephanie Nahas, MD, MDEdAssistant Professor of NeurologyThomas Jefferson UniversityAlison M Pack, MDProfessor of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterJuliann M Paolicchi, MA, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsRutgers Medical SchoolMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceStephen Reich, MDThe Frederick Henry Prince Distinguished Professor in NeurologyThe University of Maryland School of MedicineMichael Ronthal, MDProfessor of Neurology EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolSean Ruland, DOProfessorLoyola University Chicago-Stritch School of MedicineSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Schiff, MDProfessor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineDuygu Selcen, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceSharon J Sha, MD, MSClinical Associate Professor, Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford Center for Memory DisordersMike Sharma, MD, MSc, FRCPCAssociate Professor of Medicine (Neurology)McMaster University / Population Health Research InstituteJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityNicholas J Silvestri, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical SciencesJanet Soul, MD, CM, FRCPCAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAmaal J Starling, MD, FAHSAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicGary K Steinberg, MD, PhDBernard and Ronni Lacroute Professor of Neurosurgery and the NeurosciencesStanford University School of MedicineBarney J Stern, MDProfessor, Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityDavid E Thaler, MD, PhD, FAHAInterim Chairman, Department of NeurologyTufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of MedicineSanthosh A Upadhyaya, MDAssistant Member, Dept. of Oncology, Division of Neuro-OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalJoshua Z Willey, MD, MSAssistant Professor of NeurologyColumbia UniversityCraig Williamson, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and NeurologyUniversity of MichiganJinoos Yazdany, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San Francisco

CloseHysteroscopic myomectomy: Wire loop techniqueHysteroscopic myomectomy: Wire loop techniqueDuring hysteroscopic myomectomy using the wire loop technique, the wire loop is placed at the most cephalad surface of the leiomyoma. The activated electrode is then passed through the tissue.Courtesy of Linda D Bradley, MD.Graphic 61871 Version 2.0

ClosePneumatic dilation for the treatment of achalasiaPneumatic dilation for the treatment of achalasia(A) Arrows indicate the "waist" of the balloon as it is being insufflated with air and pre-injected with water-soluble contrast. (B) Obliteration of the waist with the balloon fully inflated.Courtesy of Linda Nguyen, MD.Graphic 66408 Version 5.0

CloseHysteroscopic myomectomy: Leiomyoma pseudocapsuleHysteroscopic myomectomy: Leiomyoma pseudocapsuleHysteroscopic shelling out of the pseudocapsule surrounding a myoma.Courtesy of Linda D Bradley, MD.Graphic 66817 Version 2.0

CloseHysteroscopy: Resectoscope partsHysteroscopy: Resectoscope partsCourtesy of Linda D Bradley, MD.Graphic 69544 Version 1.0

CloseClinical risk assignment and suggested therapies in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiaClinical risk assignment and suggested therapies in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Risk group Features Percent Recommended therapy Projected five-year event-free survival LowALL of the following: NCI standard risk group* Lesser risk cytogenetics:Trisomies 4 and 10 or ETV-RUNX1 (United States) orHyperdiploid (Europe) Rapid response to therapy¶15% Conventional antimetabolite-based therapy >95% AverageEITHER of the following: NCI standard risk group* and Rapid response to therapy¶ NCI standard risk group* and Lesser risk cytogenetics and Slow response to therapyΔ36% Intensified antimetabolite therapy 90 to 95% HighANY of the following: NCI high risk group◊ and Rapid response to therapy¶ NCI standard risk group* and Slow response to therapyΔ§ CNS-positive leukemia Testicular leukemia25% Intensive multiagent chemotherapy 88 to 90% Very highANY of the following: MRD+ at day 29§ Induction failures MLL rearrangementsor iAMP21 amplification Age <1 year (or >13 years if treated on a COG protocol)24%Consider allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in first remission Allogeneic transplant not recommended for infants<80% Special groupsT cell ALL Intensive multiagent chemotherapy 66 to 80%[1,2]   Philadelphia chromosome [t(9;22)]    Intensive multiagent chemotherapy containing a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor  70%[3] WBC: white blood cell count; NCI: National Cancer Institute; MRD: measureable residual disease; CNS: central nervous system; MLL: mixed lineage leukemia gene; iAMP21: intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21; COG: Children's Oncology Group; ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia.* NCI standard risk group: WBC <50,000/microL AND age one to <10 years.¶ MRD negative at days 8 and 29 (rapid response to therapy).Δ MRD positive at day 8 and negative at day 29 (slow response to therapy).◊ NCI high risk group: WBC ≥50,000 microL OR age ≥10 years (up to 13 years if treated on a COG protocol).§ With some exceptions.References:Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Linda SB, et al. Pilot study of nelarabine in combination with intensive chemotherapy in high-risk T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2753.Asselin BL, Devidas M, Wang C, et al. Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children's Oncology Group (POG 9404). Blood 2011; 118:874.Schultz KR, Carroll A, Heerema NA, et al. Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology group study AALL0031. Leukemia 2014; 28:1467.Graphic 71649 Version 7.0

The surgical approach to management of posterior vagin*l wall defects (rectocele) will be discussed here. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and nonsurgical management of posterior vagin*l defects are reviewed separately. (See"Posterior vagin*l defects (eg, rectocele): Clinical manifestations,

CloseGrade I germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in a preterm infantGrade I germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in a preterm infantCranial ultrasound images of a preterm infant, gestational age 27 weeks, with bilateral grade I GMH. Coronal view (A) and parasagittal view (B) showing the GMH as an area of increased echogenicity (arrows).Courtesy of Linda S de Vries, MD, PhD and Lara M Leijser, MD, PhD, MSc. Graphic 116374 Version 2.0

CloseHistopathology of friction blistersHistopathology of friction blistersIntraepidermal blister formation beneath the stratum granulosum.Modified from: Soeprono FF. Friction blister: Histologic features. Loma Linda Dermatopathology: Dermatopathology/Dermatology Histopathology Library Reference, 2012.Graphic 119008 Version 1.0

Diet is one of the most important behavioral aspects of diabetes treatment. Basic principles of nutritional management, however, are often poorly understood by both clinicians and their patients. The role of nutrition and the development of a medical nutrition therapy (MNT) plan for a patient with t

CloseWorkers' compensation requirements by AMA Guide edition* and US stateWorkers' compensation requirements by AMA Guide edition* and US state AMA Guide edition US state(s) Sixth edition Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut¶, District of Columbia, IdahoΔ, Illinois, IndianaΔ, Louisiana, Massachusetts¶, Mississippi¶, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Wyoming, Puerto Rico Fifth edition California, Delaware, Georgia◊, Hawaii, Iowa, Kentucky, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Vermont, Washington Fourth edition Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Maryland, Kentucky, Texas, West Virginia Third edition, revised Colorado, Oregon Not specified Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Carolina, Virginia State-specific Florida, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Utah, WisconsinAMA: American Medical Association; US: United States.* AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment.¶ Guides sixth, fifth, or fourth may be used.Δ Guides sixth may be used but are not required.◊ Guides sixth are sometimes used.Courtesy of Linda Cocchiarella, MD, MSc. Additional data from: State-by-State Use of AMA Guides. Available at: https://www.lexisnexis.com/legalnewsroom/workers-compensation/b/recent-cases-news-trends-developments/posts/state-by-state-use-of-ama-guides (Accessed on September 24, 2019).Graphic 50347 Version 6.0

CloseHysteroscopic myomectomy: Copious leiomyoma shavings (chips)Hysteroscopic myomectomy: Copious leiomyoma shavings (chips)This picture depicts multiple leiomyoma shavings (chips) that were removed during a hysteroscopic myomectomy.Courtesy of Linda D Bradley, MD.Graphic 53091 Version 2.0

CloseAuthors and Editors in AnesthesiologyAuthors and Editors in AnesthesiologyEditors-in-ChiefRoberta Hines, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Cardiovascular/Pulmonary ConditionsProfessor and Chair Emeritus, Department of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineStephanie B Jones, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary ConditionsProfessor of AnesthesiologyAlbany Medical CollegeLena S Sun, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal AnesthesiaEmanuel M. Papper Professor of Pediatric AnesthesiologyProfessor of PediatricsExecutive Vice Chairman, Department of AnesthesiologyChief, Division of Pediatric AnesthesiaColumbia University Irving Medical CenterDeputy EditorsMarianna Crowley, MDSenior Deputy EditorDeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHADeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalSection EditorsAndrew Davidson, MDSection Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal AnesthesiaAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsThe University of MelbourneScott Fishman, MDSection Editor — Acute and Chronic PainProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineCarin A Hagberg, MD, FASASection Editor — Airway ManagementChief Academic OfficerBud Johnson Clinical Distinguished ChairThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDavid L Hepner, MDSection Editor — Obstetric AnesthesiaAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolRoberta Hines, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Cardiovascular/Pulmonary ConditionsProfessor and Chair Emeritus, Department of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineNatalie F Holt, MD, MPHSection Editor — Preoperative and Postoperative Evaluation and ManagementAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineStephanie B Jones, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary ConditionsProfessor of AnesthesiologyAlbany Medical CollegeGirish P Joshi, MB, BS, MD, FFARCSISection Editor — Fundamentals of AnesthesiaProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasRobert Maniker, MDSection Editor — Regional AnesthesiaAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJonathan B Mark, MDSection Editor — Cardiac AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterAnesthesiology ServiceDurham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMichael F O'Connor, MD, FCCMSection Editor — Surgical Critical CareProfessor, Department of Anesthesia & Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoJeffrey J Pasternak, MDSection Editor — Neurosurgical AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo Medical SchoolPeter D Slinger, MD, FRCPCSection Editor — Thoracic/Vascular AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiaToronto General HospitalLena S Sun, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Pediatric/Neonatal AnesthesiaEmanuel M. Papper Professor of Pediatric AnesthesiologyProfessor of PediatricsExecutive Vice Chairman, Department of AnesthesiologyChief, Division of Pediatric AnesthesiaColumbia University Irving Medical CenterJoyce A Wahr, MD, FAHASection Editor — Patient Safety and Offsite Anesthetic LocationsProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Minnesota Health SciencesAuthorsJ Dawn Abbott, MD, FACCSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineBrown Medical SchoolArnoley S Abcejo, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic, RochesterBasem Abdelmalak, MD, FASA, SAMBA-FProfessor of AnesthesiologyCleveland ClinicSalahadin Abdi, MD, PhDProfessor [Tenured] and Chair, Department of Pain MedicineHelen Buchanan & Stanley Joseph Seeger Endowed Research ProfessorThe University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterGillian Abir, MBChB, FRCAClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineGary M Abrams, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoAalok V Agarwala, MD, MBAAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolEbtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MSClinical Professor, St. John's University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative CareShamsuddin Akhtar, MDAssociate Professor Yale School of MedicineJohn C Alexander, MD, MBAAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity of Texas SouthwesternPaul H Alfille, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBrian F S Allen, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterSepideh Amin-Hanjani, MDClinical Professor of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineAdam W Amundson, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinical College of MedicineCande V Ananth, PhD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair for Academic AffairsChief, Division of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJKatherine W Arendt, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicCarlos Artime, MDProfessorClinical Executive Vice ChairVice Chair of Finance and OperationsDepartment of AnesthesiologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonJohn Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHAProfessor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhyllis August, MD, MPHRalph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in MedicineDirector, Hypertension CenterDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJohn S Axford, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHSection Editor — SclerodermaEmeritus Professor of RheumatologySt George's University of LondonOmaira Azizad, MDAssistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterRuben J Azocar, MD, MHCM, FASA, FCCMProfessor and ChairDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineTufts Medical Center & Tufts University School of MedicineMarie R Baldisseri, MD, FCCMProfessor of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterVikram Bansal, MDAssistant Professor Vanderbilt University Medical CenterDepartment of AnesthesiologyAtilio Barbeito, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterChief, Anesthesiology ServiceDurham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSheila Barnett, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBrian T Bateman, MD, MScThe Stanford Medicine Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineBy courtesy, Professor of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph Bayes, MDMassachusetts Eye and Ear (Emeritus)Assistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam C Becker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineYale School of MedicineRodney D Bell, MDProfessor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeCassandra Bellamy, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Medical Intensive Care UnitHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaWilliam Benedetto, MDMassachusetts General HospitalTalia K Ben-Jacob, MD, MScAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyCooper Medical School of Rowan University Division Chief, Critical Care MedicineDepartment of AnesthesiologyCooper University HospitalLauren C Berkow, MD, FASAProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineBonnie L Bermas, MDProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterChantal Berna, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineLausanne UniversityLausanne University HospitalMark F Berry, MDMylavarapu Rogers ProfessorStanford UniversityPaul I Bhalla, MBChB, FRCA, FFPMRCAAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Washington Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineAngela Bianco, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterShawn J Bird, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineEdward A Bittner, MD, PhD, MSEd, FCCMAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolStephanie A Black, MD, EdMAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaRandal S Blank, MD, PhDProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Virginia Health SystemAdam J Bograd, MDAttending Thoracic SurgeonSwedish Cancer InstituteLinda D Bradley, MDProfessorObstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineMary Beth Brady, MD, FASEAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBrian Bravenec, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolBeth Brickner, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDavid Broussard, MDStaff AnesthesiologistOchsner Health SystemMichael J Brown, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicRachel Budithi, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyMedical College of WisconsinDonal J Buggy, DSc, MD, FRCPI, FCAI, FRCAConsultant in AnaesthesiologyProfessor of Anaesthesia & Perioperative MedicineMater University Hospital School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, IrelandNicholas Burjek, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyNorthwestern UniversityAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChristopher R Burke, MDAssistant Professor of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonJohn F Butterworth, IV, MDProfessor and Chair of AnesthesiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityEnrico Cagliero, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJeremy P Campbell, MB, ChB (Hons.), MRCS, FRCAConsultant Anaesthetist, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJean Marie Carabuena, MDAssistant Professor in AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel Carr, MDEmeritus ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineBrendan Carvalho, MBBCh, FRCAProfessorStanford University School of MedicineGregory D Cascino, MDProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic, RochesterElizabeth Casserly, PharmD, BCPSPain Management Clinical PharmacistCleveland ClinicRabih A Chaer, MDProfessor of SurgeryThe University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineAnthony Chau, MD, FRCPC, MMScClinical Assistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaFelicia Chen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAlbert T Cheung, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaStanford University School of MedicineHovig Chitilian, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemRoger Chou, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityLorraine Chow, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of CalgaryFrances Chung, MBBS, FRCPCProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoSteven Leigh Clark, MDProfessor, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of MedicineAnna Clebone Ruskin, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesia and Critical CareThe University of Chicago MedicineNathan Clendenen, MD, MSAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Colorado, DenverGilles Clermont, MDCM, MScProfessorDepartment of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSteven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHMProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineNaida Cole, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Chicago MedicineStephen R Collins, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Virginia Health SystemHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaMichelle V Conde, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioDavid J Copenhaver, MDDirector of Cancer Pain Management and Supportive Care, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Department University of California at DavisJonathan M Cousins, BSc, MBBS, FRCA, FFICMConsultant Anaesthetist/Intensivist, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College Healthcare NHSJerome Crowley, MD, MPHClinical InstructorDepartment of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolMarianna Crowley, MDSenior Deputy EditorDeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJovany Cruz Navarro, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology Baylor College of MedicineF Gary Cunningham, MDProfessor and Holder of Beatrice and Miguel Elias Distinguished Chair in Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDonald Cutlip, MDSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAnahita Dabo-Trubelja, MD, FASAAssociate Attending, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssistant Professor Clinical Anesthesiology, Cornell University Medical CollegeDirector Perioperative Echocardiography and UltrasoundProgram Director Perioperative Cancer Anesthesia FellowshipAllison Dalton, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoMichael N D'Ambra, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew S Davenport, MD, FSAR, FSCBTMRAssociate Professor of Urology and RadiologyDirector of Body MRI, Associate Chair for QualityMichigan Radiology Quality CollaborativeUniversity of Michigan Health SystemMichael R DeBaun, MD, MPHSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineAlexander M DeLeon, MDAssistant Professor in AnesthesiologyNorthwestern UniversityPrasad Devarajan, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePJ Devereaux, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology McMaster UniversityLara K Dhingra, PhDAssociate Professor of Family and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of MedicinePaxton V Dickson, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterWest Cancer CenterGary A Dildy, III, MD, FACOG, CPHQ, CPPSClinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicinePaul Diprose, BM, FRCSEd, FRCA, FFICMConsultant Cardiac AnaesthetistUniversity Hospital Southampton, UKJeffrey B Dobyns, DOAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamSylvia Y Dolinski, MD, FCCPProfessor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareMedical College of WisconsinJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityD John Doyle, MD, PhDProfessor of AnesthesiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityKim A Eagle, MD, MACCAlbion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganRoderic G Eckenhoff, MDAustin Lamont Professor and Vice Chair for ResearchDepartment of Anesthesiology & Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineJan Ehrenwerth, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of AnesthesiologyYale University School of MedicineNaveen Eipe, MBBS, MDStaff AnesthesiologistThe Ottawa HospitalAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain MedicineUniversity of OttawaKariem El-Boghdadly, MBBS, BSc, FRCA, EDRA, MScConsultant AnaesthetistGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustHonorary Senior LecturerKing’s CollegeEman Elkadry, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolLouise Ellard, MBBS, FANZCA, AdvPTEeXAM, MCLDepartment of AnaesthesiaAustin HealthMelbourne, AustraliaHesham Elsharkawy, MD, MBA, MSc, FASAMetroHealth, Pain and Healing Center Anesthesiology Department Associate Professor, Case Western Reserve UniversityOutcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland ClinicMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterKayser Enneking, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Florida College of MedicineScott A Falk, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMichaela K Farber, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAshraf Fayad, MD, FRCPC, FFARCSI, FACC, FASESite Chief, University HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine London Health Sciences Centre / St. Joseph’s Health CareAssociate Professor, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityJessica Feinleib, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineJared W Feinman, MD, FASEAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineEva L Feldman, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterMiriam FinePatient Perspective Author– Managing pain during labor and deliveryMichael G Fitzsimons, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolLee A Fleisher, MDProfessor and Former Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineAlana Flexman, MD, FRCPCClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsUniversity of British ColumbiaStaff AnesthesiologistSt. Paul’s Hospital/Providence Health Care, Vancouver, CanadaManuel L Fontes, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyYale UniversityJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBarry Fuchs, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaEdmund F Funai, MDHospital Corporation of AmericaDuane J Funk, MD, FRCP(C)Assistant Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and MedicineUniversity of Manitoba, WinnipegMarissa C Galicia-Castillo, MD, MSEd, CMD, FACPSue Faulkner Scribner Professor of GeriatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolMedical Director, Palliative MedicineSentara Norfolk General HospitalSamuel Galvagno, DO, PhD, FCCMProfessor of Anesthesiology University of Maryland School of MedicineIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAdrian W Gelb, MDDistinguished Professor EmeritusUniversity of California San FranciscoJames N George, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterRebecca M Gerlach, MD, FRCPCAssociate ProfessorMedical Director, Pre-Anesthesia ClinicDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of New MexicoBernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP, MACCEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Coronary Heart Disease; Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRalph Gertler, MD, PhDExecutive Senior PhysicianDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive CareHELIOS Klinikum München WestTeaching hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenKamrouz Ghadimi, MD, MHSc, FAHAAssociate ProfessorAnesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine Duke University Medical CenterWilliam A Ghali, MD, MPHProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Community Health SciencesUniversity of Calgary, CanadaDavid B Glick, MD, MBAProfessor Medical Director, Post-Anesthesia Care UnitDepartment of Anesthesia & Critical CareThe University of ChicagoAry L Goldberger, MDSection Editor — ElectrocardiographyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDon L Goldenberg, MDSection Editor — Pain Disorders in RheumatologyEmeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineAffiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science UniversityAffiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences UniversityThomas A Golper, MDSection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterAdam J Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAMProfessor of Medicine and PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineBasavana Goudra, MD, FRCA, FCARCSIAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaRobert Gould, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareVice Chair of Clinical AffairsChief, Division of Anesthesiology Critical CareCompliance OfficerDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MinnesotaThomas J Graetz, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery (Cardiothoracic)Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineGilbert J Grant, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyNew York University School of MedicineMichael C Grant, MD, MSEAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical Care MedicineCore Faculty, Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety & QualityThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineAndrew Gray, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical AnesthesiaUCSF School of MedicineMichael A Gropper, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative CareUniversity of California, San FranciscoShaun Gruenbaum, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologySenior Associate ConsultantDepartment of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineSection of NeuroanesthesiaMayo Clinic-FloridaJacob T Gutsche, MD, FASE, FCCMAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineCarin A Hagberg, MD, FASASection Editor — Airway ManagementChief Academic OfficerBud Johnson Clinical Distinguished ChairThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJennifer Hah, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pain MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain MedicineStanford UniversityRobert G Hahn, MD, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenMichael Hall, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of WashingtonRobert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACSProfessor Emeritus, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaDavid Hao, MDInterventional Pain FellowBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolNazish Hashmi, MB, BSAssistant ProfessorDivisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine DepartmentJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalJoy Hawkins, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChristina J Hayhurst, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterStephen Robert Hays, MD, FAAPClinical Professor, Anesthesiology & PediatricsUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineDirector, Pediatric Pain ServicesUniversity of Iowa Stead Family Children's HospitalMichele Heath, LP, CCPPerfusionistDurham VA Medical CenterLaura B Hemmer, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Neurological SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNadia Blakemore Hensley, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineAntonio Hernandez Conte, MD, MBA, FASAAssociate Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, IrvineDaren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MScProfessor of MedicineQueen's University, Ontario, CanadaCharles C Ho, MDStaff AnesthesiologistBeverly Anesthesia AssociatesRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineCharles W Hogue, MDJames E. Eckenhoff Professor of AnesthesiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineRobert S Holzman, MD, MA (Hon), FAAPProfessor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolPhilipp Houck, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterCarmen Hrymak, MDFRCP(C) Emergency Medicine and Critical CareDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Section of Critical CareUniversity of ManitobaOmar Hyder, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBarys Ihnatsenka, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of FloridaCaleb Ing, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology (in Epidemiology)Columbia University Medical CenterGabriella Iohom, MD, PhDSenior LecturerUniversity College CorkZacharia Isaac, MDSection Editor — Soft Tissue Rheumatic DiseaseAssistant Professor in Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolOlav Istre, MD, PhDProfessor, Deptartment ofObstetrics and GynecologySouth Danish UniversityOdense, DenmarkUnyime Ituk, MBBS, FCARCSIAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaUniversity of IowaRajeev Iyer, MD, MSAssociate Chief for Quality and Safety, General AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaEric Jacobsohn, MBChB, MHPE, FRCPCProfessor and Chair, Department of AnesthesiologyProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Manitoba, WinnipegFarid Jadbabaie, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNarasimhan Jagannathan, MD, MBAProfessor, University of Arizona College of MedicineChief of AnesthesiologyPhoenix Children’sAndy Jagoda, MDProfessor and Chair Emeritus, Department of Emergency MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiChristina L Jeng, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACSChair, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryMinneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalEric A JohnBull, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyDivision of Veterans AffairsDepartment of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterAnesthesiology ServiceDurham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRebecca L Johnson, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinical College of MedicineBarbara L Jones, PhD, MSWProfessor of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at AustinEdmund Jooste, MB, ChBAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsDuke Children's HospitalGirish P Joshi, MB, BS, MD, FFARCSISection Editor — Fundamentals of AnesthesiaProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasMaurice F Joyce, MD, EdM, FASAAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineTufts Medical Center & Tufts University School of MedicineEdward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)Associate Professor, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster UniversityBrinda B Kamdar, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolSergey Karamnov, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolElectron Kebebew, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryChief, Division of General SurgeryHarry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton ProfessorProgram Leader, Endocrine Oncology ProgramStanford Cancer CenterYair Y Keilson, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of MedicineTouro College of Osteopathic MedicineMark A Kelley, MD, MACPVisiting Scholar, Harvard Business SchoolPhysician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalCharles Kellner, MDProfessor (Adjunct)Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SCFaiza A Khan, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Arkansas for Medical ScienceJames Khan, MSc, MD, FRCPCStaff Anesthesiologist and Pain PhysicianMount Sinai HospitalAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiaUniversity of TorontoNadia A Khan, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, CanadaSajid A Khan, MDResearch FellowArnold Pain Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterSarah M Khorsand, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUT Southwestern Medical CenterSarah J Kilpatrick, MD, PhDChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAssociate Dean for Faculty Development and DiversityCedars-Sinai Health CenterYukiko Kimura, MDProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineDivision Chief of Pediatric RheumatologyJoseph M Sanzari Children's HospitalHackensack University Medical CenterAdam King, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterKoffi Kla, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterLisa L Klesius, MDAssistant Professor in AnesthesiologyRegional and Acute Pain MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonRiva R Ko, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterBhavani-Shankar Kodali, MDChief of Obstetric AnesthesiologyUniversity of Maryland Medical CenterProfessor of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineChief Safety Officer, Department of AnesthesiologyAssistant Director, Maryland Anesthesiology Program in Simulation (MAPS)W Andrew Kofke, MD, MBA, FNCSProfessor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of PennsylvaniaSarah Kohnstamm, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAntoun Koht, MDProfessor Emeritus of AnesthesiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineWolf B Kratzert, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineUCLA David Geffen School of MedicinePriya Kumar, MD, FASAProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillViji Kurup, MDProfessorSection Chief, Division of Medical EducationDepartment of AnesthesiologyYale University School of MedicineRiki Kveraga, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLori H Kwan, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineLaura Lahaye, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityYan Lai, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical CenterAnita LaSala, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics-GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterJavier Lasala, MDAssociate ProfessorVice Chair of Clinical AffairsDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJ Adam Law, MDProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative MedicineDalhousie UniversityCappi Lay, MDCo-Director, Neurosciences Intensive Care UnitAssistant Professor, Neurosurgery and Emergency MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York CityChristine L Lay, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoDennis K Ledford, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of South FloridaHans Lee, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityLisa Leffert, MDChief, Yale Department of AnesthesiologyNicholas M Greene, ProfessorYale MedicineEric Legome, MDProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineMount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West HospitalsVice Chair of Academic Affairs, Emergency MedicineIcahn Mount Sinai School of MedicineJohn Lemm, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterHendrikus J M Lemmens, MD, PhDProfessor of AnesthesiaStanford University School of MedicineJerrold Lerman, MD, FRCPC, FANZCAClinical Professor of AnesthesiologyOishei Children’s HospitalJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New YorkJoshua M Levine, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJerrold H Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCMProfessor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Surgery (Cardiothoracic)Duke University HospitalRichard J Levy, MD, FAAPVice Chair for Pediatric Laboratory ResearchDepartment of AnesthesiologyProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsColumbia University Medical CenterLinda Le-Wendling, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyFellowship Director, Division of Acute and Perioperative Pain MedicineUniversity of Florida, College of MedicineAlexandra Leah Lewis, MD, MScAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLarry Lindenbaum, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical CareVP/Executive Director Periop (Anesthesia) MHealth FairviewGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaRobert Loeb, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineMartin J London, MD, FASEEmeritus Professor of Clinical AnesthesiaUniversity of California, San FranciscoLorraine N Lubin, MDClinical Professor UCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMartin Ma, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of TorontoAlvaro A Macias, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolG Burkhard Mackensen, MD, PhD, FASEChief, Division of Cardiothoracic AnesthesiologyUW Medicine Research & Education Endowed Professor in AnesthesiologyAdjunct Professor of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonAndrea J. MacNeill, MD, FRCSC, MScClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaJennifer A Macpherson, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkAman Mahajan, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor and ChairDepartments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Bioinformatics, and PharmacologyUniversity of PittsburghGagan Mahajan, MDProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California, DavisElizabeth Mahanna-Gabrielli, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain managementUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineFeroze Mahmood, MDProfessor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolYasmin Maisonave, MDAssistant ProfessorDuke University Medical CenterAtul Malhotra, MDPeter C Farrell Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoMichael Manning, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Cardiothoracic AnesthesiaDivision of General, Vascular and Transplant AnesthesiaDepartment of AnesthesiologyDuke UniversityEllen F Manzullo, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineUniversity of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterEdward R Mariano, MD, MAS, FASAProfessor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford University School of MedicineJonathan B Mark, MDSection Editor — Cardiac AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterAnesthesiology ServiceDurham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLetha Mathews, MBBS, FFARCS (I)Professor of Clinical AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterOana Maties, MD, MRCP, FRCAAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative CareUniversity of California San FranciscoMelissa Mattison, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLynne G Maxwell, MD, FAAPEmeritus Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaAshley McClain, BS, CCLSLevel II Certified Child Life SpecialistChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta at EglestonDay Surgery and Preop ClinicMichael L McGarvey, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineKathryn E McGoldrick, MD, FCAI (Hon)Professor and Chair, EmeritusAdvisory Dean for Student Affairs, Emeritus College of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New YorkJennifer J McIntosh, DO, MSAssociate Professor of Maternal Fetal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinAnne Marie McKenzie-Brown, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyEmory UniversityEmily McQuaid-Hanson, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorElson S Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversityZankhana Mehta, MDDepartment of Palliative and Supportive MedicineGeisinger Medical CenterGeno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVMProfessor of Medicine & SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeEmily Methangkool, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic AnesthesiologyUCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineTheo E Meyer, MD, PhDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of Medicine Interim Chief, Cardiology University of Massachusetts Medical School UMass Memorial Medical CenterJill M Mhyre, MDThe Dola S Thompson Professor and ChairDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesKatherine A Michelini, MDClinical InstructorYale School of MedicineBrenda Middlebrooks, DNP, RN, CNOR, CPNPDay Surgery and Preop Clinic Nurse PractitionerChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta at EglestonJohn D Mitchell, MDAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolVicki E Modest, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalVivek K Moitra, MD, MHA, FCCMAllen I. Hyman Professor of Critical Care AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterChief, Division of Critical Care MedicineLaurel E Moore, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineR Sean Morrison, MDSection Editor — Selected End Stage ConditionsHermann Merkin Professor of Palliative CareMount Sinai School of MedicineJeremi Mountjoy, MDInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolLeah K Moynihan, RNC, MSNReliant Medical GroupTeresa A Mulaikal, MD, FASEAssociate Professor of Critical Care and Cardiac AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityVisala Muluk, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghKaren Nanji, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalVladimir Nekhendzy, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and OtolaryngologyStanford University School of MedicineNancy J Newman, MDLeo Delle Jolley Professor of OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineAlina Nicoara, MD, FASEAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterJose C Nicolau, MD, PhD, FACCProfessor of Medicine University of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolHeather Nixon, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalNancy A Nussmeier, MD, FAHADeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalGregory Nuttall, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineChinwe Nwaneshiudu, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorDept of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain ManagementMount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of MedicineSinead M Nyhan, MDCo-Director of Perioperative Medicine,High Risk Cardiovascular Disease Johns Hopkins School of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine Divisions of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia & Adult Critical CareE. Andrew Ochroch, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaMichael F O'Connor, MD, FCCMSection Editor — Surgical Critical CareProfessor, Department of Anesthesia & Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoLiza C O'Dowd, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemHernando Olivar, MDClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilEric Olson, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineCatherine Olweny, MDSpecialist Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain ManagementThe Royal Children's Hospital, MelbourneSteven Orebaugh, MDAssociate Professor, Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineErik Ortega, MDAssistant ProfessorBarrow Neurological InstituteThomas L Ortel, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine & PathologyHemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke UniversityBrian M Osman, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineQi Ott, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolYinka Oyelese, MD, FACOGDirector of Obstetric UltrasoundBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MAMehmet S Ozcan, MD, FCCPAssociate Professor of Clinical AnesthesiologyYale University Department of AnesthesiologySher-Lu Pai, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineChanannait Paisansathan, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoAimee Pak, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyAugusta University Medical CenterJessica Palumbo Dufur, BS, CCLSCertified Child Life SpecialistChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta at EglestonDay Surgery & Pre-Operative ClinicStephen Panaro, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesia, University of Connecticut School of Medicine Associate Staff, Hartford HospitalPratik Pandharipande, MD, MSCIProfessor of Anesthesiology and SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineJaideep J Pandit, MA, BM, DPhil, FRCA, FFPMRCA, DMProfessor of AnaesthesiaUniversity of OxfordLeila Mei Pang, MDNgai-Jubilee Professor Emerita and Special LecturerDepartment of AnesthesiologyVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia UniversityAmeeka Pannu, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolJoong Shin Park, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University College of Medicine, KoreaMatteo Parotto, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of TorontoA William Paulsen, MMSc, PhD, CAA, CCEProfessor of Medical Sciences and AnesthesiologyFrank H. Netter MD School of MedicineQuinnipiac UniversityJohn Pawlowski, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Perazella, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNancy D Perrier, MD, FACSProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterAlbert Perrino, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineTjorvi E Perry, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MinnesotaRobert A Peterfreund, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalKurt Pfeifer, MD, FACP, SFHMChief, Section of Perioperative and Consultative MedicineProfessor of Medicine – General Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinCarlos A Pino, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineAndrew J B Pisansky, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorVanderbilt School of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology: Division of Pain MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterAlexandra Plichta, MDAssistant ProfessorJohns Hopkins UniversityWanda M Popescu, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyDirector, Thoracic Anesthesia SectionYale School of MedicineRussell K Portenoy, MDChief Medical OfficerMJHS Hospice and Palliative CareProfessor of Neurology and Family and Social MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePaul Potnuru, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyMcGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonPaul Preston, MDPatient Safety Leader EmeritusThe Permanente Medical GroupScott G Pritzlaff, MDAssociate Clinical Professor, Division of Pain MedicineProgram Director, Pain Medicine FellowshipDepartment Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California, DavisRon Purugganan, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineProfessor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterFerenc Puskas, MD, PhD, MBAClinical ProfessorUniversity of Nevada Reno School of MedicinePhilip Ragg, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneVenkatakrishna Rajajee, MBBSClinical Professor of Neurosurgery and NeurologyUniversity of Michigan, Ann ArborJames P Rathmell, MDChair, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalLeroy D. Vandam Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAndres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineSharon Reale, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolChristine C Reardon, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAdrian Regli, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Western Australia School of Medicine and PharmacologyAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Notre Dame, FremantleBritta Regli-von Ungern-Sternberg, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair of Paediatric AnaesthesiaSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western AustraliaJohnathan Ross Renew, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic FloridaChantelle Rizan, BSc(Hons) MBBCh MRes MRCS(ENT)Clinical Lecturer in Sustainable HealthcareBrighton & Sussex Medical SchoolAmy C Robertson, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyVice Chair for Clinical AffairsVanderbilt University School of MedicineW Kirke Rogers, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology & Critical CareUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolHarvey K Rosenbaum, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAMember, MHAUS Professional Advisory CouncilStanley Rosenbaum, MA, MDProfessor EmeritusYale School of MedicineHenry Rosenberg, MDPresident Emeritus, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United StatesMeg A Rosenblatt, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiWilliam H Rosenblatt, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and of Surgery (Otolaryngology)Director, Anesthesia for OtolaryngologyYale School of MedicineRichard Rosenquist, MDChairman, Pain Management DepartmentAnesthesiology InstituteCleveland ClinicEric B Rosero, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUT Southwestern Medical Center at DallasMitchell H Rosner, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSteven Roth, MDMichael Reese ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois College of MedicineJean-Michel Roué, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Brest, FranceLewis J Rubin, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityMichael R Rudnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineKeith J Ruskin, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareThe University of Chicago MedicineSenthilkumar Sadhasivam, MD, MPHTenured Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterNeil S Sanghani, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterJoshua Sappenfield, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology and Emergency MedicineAssistant Residency Program Director of Anesthesiology for DidacticsMedical Director of the Presurgical Clinic Chief of the Perioperative Medicine DivisionUniversity of Florida, Department of AnesthesiologyRichard H Savel, MD, MBA, FCCMProfessor of Clinical MedicineSUNY Downstate College of MedicineMichael Schatz, MD, MSClinical Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineWilliam Schechter, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsColumbia University Medical CenterRobert B Schonberger, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyYale University School of MedicinePeter M Schulman, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityRoman Schumann, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyTufts University School of MedicineEric S Schwenk, MD, FASAProfessor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryDirector of Orthopedic AnesthesiaDepartment of AnesthesiologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityEdwin Seet Chuen Ping, MBBS, MMedAdjunct Associate ProfessorLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Adjunct Associate ProfessorYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeAngela Selzer, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDaniel Sessler, MDMichael Cudahy Professor and ChairOutcomes Research ConsortiumAnesthesiology InstituteCleveland ClinicAryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FASAEmeritus Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineEnglewood Hospital and Medical CenterAdjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareRutgers New JerseyFred E Shapiro, DO, FASAAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolDeepak Sharma, MBBS, MD, DMVirginia & Prentice Bloedel Professor of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineProfessor of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterPaul Shekelle, MDProfessor of MedicineUCLA Medical SchoolJodi Sherman, MDJodi D. Sherman, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology,Yale School of MedicineAssociate Professor of Epidemiology in Environmental Health SciencesYale School of Public HealthDavid D Sherry, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaAislinn Sherwin, FCAI, BScConsultant in AnaesthesiologySt. James Hospital DublinDouglas C Shook, MD, FASEAssistant Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBaha M Sibai, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine DivisionDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesThe University of Texas Medical School at HoustonAngelica Silva Figueroa, MDAssistant Professor, Staff Surgeon RedSalud Clinic Avansalud, East Metropolitan Health ServiceRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterAlbert L Siu, MD, MSPHProfessorDepartment of Geriatrics and Pallative MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicinePeter D Slinger, MD, FRCPCSection Editor — Thoracic/Vascular AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiaToronto General HospitalTod B Sloan, MD, MBA, PhDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEdward R Smith, MDDepartment of NeurosurgeryChildren's Hospital BostonHarvard Medical SchoolJames V Snyder, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRakesh V Sondekoppam, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineRamesh Soundararajan, MD, FACPClinical Associate Professor of Internal MedicineMidwestern University College of MedicineRoshni Sreedharan, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyCleveland ClinicBrett R Stacey, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonIrene P Stafford, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center/McGovern Medical SchoolMark Stafford-Smith, MD, CM, FRCPC, FASEProfessor of AnesthesiologyVice Chair of EducationDirector, Fellowship EducationDuke University School of MedicineRenee D Stapleton, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineJoanna L Starrels, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical CenterNicholas Statzer, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterRandolph H Steadman, MD, MSChair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical CareHouston Methodist HospitalMark M Stecker, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACNS, FASNMPresidentFresno Institute of NeuroscienceMarjorie Stiegler, MDAdjunct Associate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillE Alessandra Strada, PhD, MSCPPalliative Care and Integrative Medicine ConsultantSanta Cruz, CaliforniaEric Strain, MDDirector, Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and ResearchDirector, Behavioral Pharmacology Research UnitJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterChristina Sun-Edelstein, MD, FRACPDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesSt. Vincent's HospitalCaitlin D Sutton, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetric and Pediatric AnesthesiologyBaylor College of MedicineNijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, MDProfessor of NeurologyChulalongkorn University Medical SchoolHans Sviggum, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaMayo ClinicBobbieJean Sweitzer, MD, FACPProfessor of Medical EducationUniversity of VirginiaChristopher Szabo, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical AnesthesiologyYale School of MedicineMadhura Tamhankar, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyScheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaBaron Tang, PT, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPTFaculty at Evidence in MotionVijaykumar Tarnal, MD, FRCAClinical Associate Professor of AnesthesiologyThe University of Michigan School of MedicineRobert C Tasker, MBBS, MDProfessor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolDavid Tauben, MDClinical Professor EmeritusMedicine and Anesthesia and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMagnus K Teig, BMedSc (Hons.), MBChB, MRCP, FRCA, EDIC, FFICMClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Department of AnesthesiologyArthur C Theodore, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineKevin Thornton, MDClinical ProfessorUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineKaren J Tietze, PharmDProfessor of Clinical PharmacyPhiladelphia College of PharmacySaint Joseph's UniversityRoulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MDDirector, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – BrooklynClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone HealthKelly Ural, MDStaff AnesthesiologistOchsner Health SystemDirk J Varelmann, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolLashmi Venkatraghavan, MDAssociate Professor, Department of AnesthesiaUniversity of TorontoElliott P Vichinsky, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoNicholas J Volpe, MDTarry Professor and ChairmanDepartment of OphthalmologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineGebhard Wagener, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology at CUMCColumbia University Medical CenterJoyce A Wahr, MD, FAHASection Editor — Patient Safety and Offsite Anesthetic LocationsProfessor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Minnesota Health SciencesMarc Wakasa, MDClinical InstructorStanford University School of MedicineSarah E Wakeman, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarol A Waksmonski, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterGary A Walco, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryUniversity of Washington School of MedicineTom Wall, MSc, MD, FCAIConsultant in AnaesthesiologyMater University Hospital School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, IrelandDaniel Walsh, MDInstructor in AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolGrace J Wang, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaChristopher Ward, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaDavid O Warner, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceLisa Warren, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansDebra K Weiner, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Clinical & Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghGeriatric Research, Education & Clinical CenterVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMarnie B Welch, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterTasha L Welch, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicDepartment of AnesthesiologyIan J Welsby, BSc, MBBS, FRCAProfessor of Anesthesiology & Critical CareDuke University Medical CenterChristopher Whinney, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineShelley Wiechman, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonElizabeth H Wilson, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyRegional and Acute Pain MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonStephan Windecker, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyBern University HospitalKatherine Wittling, MBA,BSN, RN, CAPA, NE-BCSenior Manager Emory Heart and VascularEmory St Joseph's Hospital David Wlody, MD, FASAChair, Department of AnesthesiologyProfessor of Clinical AnesthesiologyState University of New York-Downstate Medical CenterCynthia A Wong, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaUniversity of Iowa HealthcareVictor W Xia, MDClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAVidya Yalamanchili, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology,Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at EglestonAmmar Yamani, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyBaylor College of MedicineEdward Yap, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of MedicineG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineZdravka Zafirova, MDAssociate Professor, AnesthesiologySection of Critical CareDepartment of Cardiovascular SurgeryMount Sinai Hospital SystemYury Zasimovich, MDAssistant Professor and Division ChiefAcute and Perioperative Pain MedicineDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of FloridaCarolyn M Zelop, MDClinical Professor of Ob/GynNew York University School of MedicineGang Zheng, MDProfessor and Section Chief of Head and Neck AnesthesiaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TexasJoshua Zimmerman, MD, FASEAssociate ProfessorVice Chair, Perioperative MedicineDirector, Perioperative EchocardiographyUniversity of Utah Department of AnesthesiologyPeer ReviewersBasem Abdelmalak, MD, FASA, SAMBA-FProfessor of AnesthesiologyCleveland ClinicJon S. Andrews, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterMrinalini Balki, MDAssociate ProfessorFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of TorontoDalia Banks, MD, FASEClinical Professor Vice Chair of Cardiovascular Anesthesia Academic Affairs University of California, San DiegoSheila Barnett, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam Benedetto, MDMassachusetts General HospitalAlbert T Cheung, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaStanford University School of MedicineHovig Chitilian, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolStephen R Collins, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Virginia Health SystemJan Ehrenwerth, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of AnesthesiologyYale University School of MedicineBrenda G Fahy, MD, MCCMProfessorDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineManuel L Fontes, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyYale UniversityTong J Gan, MD, MBA, MHS, FRCAProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of AnesthesiologyStony Brook UniversityMichele Heath, LP, CCPPerfusionistDurham VA Medical CenterStephanie B Jones, MDEditor-in-Chief — AnesthesiologySection Editor — Anesthesia with Comorbid Non-Cardiopulmonary ConditionsProfessor of AnesthesiologyAlbany Medical CollegeBrinda B Kamdar, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJerrold H Levy, MD, FAHA, FCCMProfessor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Surgery (Cardiothoracic)Duke University HospitalJennifer A Macpherson, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New YorkGagan Mahajan, MDProfessorDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California, DavisChristine Mai, MD, MS-HPEdMassachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolJonathan B Mark, MDSection Editor — Cardiac AnesthesiaProfessor of AnesthesiologyDuke University Medical CenterAnesthesiology ServiceDurham Veterans Affairs Medical CenterEmily Methangkool, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic AnesthesiologyUCLA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineVilma E Ortiz, MDDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalSheela Pai Cole, MD, FASE, FASAClinical Professor of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain MedicineDivisions of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Stanford UniversityJohn Pawlowski, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolRobert A Peterfreund, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalThomas E Saak, MDMedical DirectorPremier Dental AnesthesiologyMedical DirectorWAAI Mobile AnesthesiologyMuhammad F Sarwar, MD, FASEAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyDirector, Division of Cardiac AnesthesiaDepartment of AnesthesiologyState University of New YorkRoman Schumann, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyTufts University School of MedicineThomas Simopoulos, MD, MAAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnnemarie Thompson, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and MedicineDuke University School of MedicineRoulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MDDirector, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – BrooklynClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone HealthMatthew Vanneman, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineSarah E Wakeman, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolElizabeth H Wilson, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyRegional and Acute Pain MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin - Madison

CloseAuthors and Editors in Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAuthors and Editors in Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineEditors-in-ChiefPeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoPolly E Parsons, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineDeputy EditorsPaul Dieffenbach, MDDeputy Editor — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician, Brigham and Women's HospitalGeraldine Finlay, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineSection EditorsPeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonV Courtney Broaddus, MDSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaAnne E Dixon, BM, BChSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VermontJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityDavid J Feller-Kopman, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyChief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine — Dartmouth Hitchco*ck Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine — Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth CollegeKevin R Flaherty, MD, MSSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health SystemNishant Gupta, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiRamsey R Hachem, MDSection Editor — Lung TransplantationProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineUmur Hatipoglu, MD, MBASection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoRobert M Kotloff, MDSection Editor — Lung TransplantationProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineMonica Kraft, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary; Adult AsthmaMurray M. Rosenberg Professor and System ChairSamuel Bronfman Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMount Sinai Health SystemJoyce S Lee, MDSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDirector, Interstitial Lung Disease ProgramUniversity of Colorado DenverFabien Maldonado, MD, MScSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Thoracic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF, FRCPSection Editor — Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseKenneth M. Moser Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal MedicineUC San Diego School of MedicineMeredith C McCormack, MD, MHSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineMedical Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityNestor L Muller, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pulmonary ImagingProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaAndrew Nicholson, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary PathologyProfessor of Respiratory PathologyImperial College School of Medicine, LondonPolly E Parsons, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicEditorial AssistantsChase Carnot, BAContent Editing AssociateJames Hytner, MFAContent Editing Associate — UpToDateAuthorsJ Dawn Abbott, MD, FACCSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineBrown Medical SchoolSabra M Abbott, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of NeurologyNorthwestern Feinberg School of MedicineLoutfi Sami Aboussouan, MDStaffCleveland Clinic FoundationBenjamin Abramoff, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaLisa V Adams, MDAssociate ProfessorGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthSandra G Adams, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care MedicineIan M Adco*ck, FSBProfessor of Cell & Molecular Biology, Airways Disease SectionNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonRohit Aggarwal, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of PittsburghDewesh Agrawal, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's National Medical CenterNabil M Ahmed, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineVineet Ahuja, MD, DMProfessor of GastroenterologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesVivek N Ahya, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePraveen Akuthota, MDAssociate Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, San DiegoManuela Albisetti, MDDivision of HematologyUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich, SwitzerlandBarbara D Alexander, MD, MHSProfessor of Medicine and Pathology Duke University School of MedicineThomas Alexander, MDHead, KMCH Heart Institute, Kovai Medical Center and HospitalPatrick C Alguire, MD, FACPSenior Vice President Emeritus for Medical EducationAmerican College of PhysiciansTarek Alhamad, MD, MS, FACP, FASNAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineAsif Ali, MDUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterCardiovascular MedicineAmmar Saadoon Alishlash, MD, FAAPDivision of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at BirminghamCatherine K Allan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGilman B Allen, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Medicine, University of VermontCarolyn A Altman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRichard F Ambinder, MD, PhDJames B Murphy Professor of OncologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineSepideh Amin-Hanjani, MDClinical Professor of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineNeil M Ampel, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaSupplemental ConsultantMayo Clinic in ArizonaGeorge L Anesi, MD, MSCE, MBEAssistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineGerald B Appel, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsAndrea J Apter, MD, MSc, MAProfessor of MedicineSection of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaAdi Aran, MDNeuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical CenterHebrew University, Jerusalem, IsraelDonna L Arand, PhDResearch Associate ProfessorWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineSelim M Arcasoy, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineColumbia University School of MedicineMedical Director, Lung Transplantation ProgramDonald M Arnold, MD, MScAssociate Professor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityCanadian Blood ServicesRobert M Arnold, MDEditor-in-Chief — Palliative CareSection Editor — General Principles of Palliative CareChief, Section of Palliative Care and Medical EthicsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineIsabelle Arnulf, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology, National Reference Center on Kleine-Levin syndromePitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, FranceSorbonne University, Paris, FranceYael Aschner, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverStanley W Ashley, MDSection Editor — Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalFrank Sawyer Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRitu Asija, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford UniversityJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolDennis Auckley, MDProfessor of MedicineCase Western Reserve University (MetroHealth Medical Center)Marc Auerbach, MD, FAAP, MScProfessor of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine) and of Emergency MedicineYale School of MedicinePhyllis August, MD, MPHRalph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in MedicineDirector, Hypertension CenterDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionWeill Cornell Medical CollegeMeghan Aversa, MD, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoJohn R Bach, MDProfessor, Department of Physical Medicine & RehabilitationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolEmile Bacha, MD, FACSCalvin F. Barber Professor of SurgeryColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJohn W Baddley, MD, MSPHSection Editor — FungalProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineM Safwan Badr, MDSection Editor — Sleep Related Breathing DisordersProfessor and Chief, Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineWayne State University School of MedicineRemzi Bag, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe University of Chicago MedicineF Amos Bailey, MDProfessor of Medicine University of Colorado at DenverJasmohan S Bajaj, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical CenterLalit Bajaj, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoRobert D Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkSusan S Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkBruno Guedes Baldi, PhDMedical Assistant, Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor)University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, BrazilElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarie R Baldisseri, MD, FCCMProfessor of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRobert A Balk, MDProfessor of MedicineRush-University Medical CenterRonald C Balkissoon, MDPulmonary Consultant, Department of MedicineNational Jewish HealthAnindo K Banerjee, PhD, FRCPConsultant Respiratory PhysicianSouthampton General Hospital, Southampton, UKAlan F Barker, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityKathleen C Barnes, PhDDirector, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine; Head, Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine DivisionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicinePeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonFrederick E Barr, MD, MBAExecutive Vice PresidentChief Clinical and Academic OfficerArkansas Children's HospitalUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesNora A Barrett, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFermin Barrueto, Jr, MD, MBA, FACHESenior Vice President/Chief Clinical Officer University of Maryland Medical SystemClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineWilliam J Barson, MDProfessor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineDeborah A Bartz, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalRobert C Basner, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineColumbia UniversityKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolStephen G Baum, MDDistinguished Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, & ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineMaher A Baz, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyCassandra Bellamy, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Medical Intensive Care UnitHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaLisa M Bellini, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterJames R Berenson, MDMedical and Scientific DirectorInstitute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer ResearchSten-Erik Bergström, MDDoctor of MedicineChildren's Hospital Astrid LindgrenKarolinska University Hospital, StockholmJohn L Berk, MDAssistant Director, Professor of MedicineAmyloidosis Center/Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical CenterJeffrey S Berman, MDProfessor of Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineDirector, Sarcoidosis Center, Boston Medical CenterJohn Bernardo, MDSection Editor — Mycobacterial InfectionsProfessor of Medicine and Research Professor of BiochemistryBoston University School of MedicineDavid I Bernstein, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineMark F Berry, MDMylavarapu Rogers ProfessorStanford UniversitySteven Bird, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEdward A Bittner, MD, PhD, MSEd, FCCMAssociate Professor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolJames H Black, III, MDChief of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyJohns Hopkins HospitalJanis E Blair, MDProfessor of Medicine, Infectious DiseasesMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceConsultantMayo Clinic in ArizonaRon Blankstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Bodmer, MD, MScHeadMedical DepartmentZuger KantonsspitalBaar, SwitzerlandR Paul Boesch, DO, MSAssociate Professor, Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineChair, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMayo Clinic Children's CenterAdam J Bograd, MDAttending Thoracic SurgeonSwedish Cancer InstituteGuy Boivin, MDProfessor of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine, Université LavalGeorgina Bojczuk, RD, CSPClinical DietitianOishei Children's Hospital of BuffaloMichael H Bonnet, PhDProfessor, Department of NeurologyWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineStephen C Boos, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School—BaystateSusan E Boruchoff, MDProfessor of MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolLouis-Philippe Boulet, MDProfessor of MedicineLaval UniversityJoshua A Boyce, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEdward W Boyer, MD, PhDProfessor with Tenure, Ohio State UniversityVisiting Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolD Craig Brater, MDEmeritus DeanIndiana University School of MedicinePresidentRegenstrief FoundationTom Brazelton, MD, MPH, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthJeffrey A Breall, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineDaniel C Brennan, MD, FACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Kidney TransplantationProfessor of MedicineMedical Director and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyJohns Hopkins Medical SchoolBeth Brickner, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterV Courtney Broaddus, MDSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoPatrick D Brophy, MDProfessor and Head University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of PediatricsKevin K Brown, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish Health, University of ColoradoLee K Brown, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and PediatricsProfessor of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of New MexicoEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonNicholas A Buckley, MD, FRACPProfessor of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Sydney Medical SchoolClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalChristopher R Burke, MDAssistant Professor of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonAllison E Burnett, PharmD, PhC, CACPAntithrombosis Stewardship PharmacistUniversity of New Mexico HospitalClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyMichael J Burns, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlfred Buxton, MDBen-Haim Josephson Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterLauren A Byers, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterKatherine N Cahill, MD, FAAAAIAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityMichael S Calderwood, MD, MPHChief Quality OfficerDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthRonna L Campbell, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineMayo ClinicLouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAndrés Cárdenas, MD, PhD, MMSc, AGAF, FAASLDInstitut de Malalties Digestives i MetaboliquesHospital Clinic, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of BarcelonaShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDTara F Carr, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor, Medicine and OtolaryngologyDepartment of Medicine, University of ArizonaJoseph P Carrozza, MDVice PresidentSteward Cardiovascular NetworkProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJeffrey L Carson, MDProvost, New Brunswick Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers UniversityRichard C Reynolds Chair in General Internal MedicineDistinguished Professor of MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRick Carter, PhD, MBAProfessorLamar University, Beaumont, TXThomas B Casale, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of South FloridaAmanda S Cass, PharmD, BCPSClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Thoracic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterKeith L Cavanaugh, MD, FAAP, FCCPAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaBartolome R Celli, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard University School of MedicineAlessandro Ceschi, MD, MSc, FEAPCCTMedical and Scientific DirectorInstitute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern SwitzerlandHead, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyPresident, Drug and Therapeutics CommitteeEnte Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, SwitzerlandConsultant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Hospital ZurichJamie E Chaft, MDAssociate Attending PhysicianThoracic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NYElizabeth Chaitin, DHCEAssistant Professor, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics ServicesUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterJulio A Chalela, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaStephen T Chambers, MB ChB, MSc, MD, FRACPProfessor, Department of PathologyUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchAnthony KC Chan, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCPathProfessor of PediatricsMcMaster University, CanadaEdward D Chan, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthSwathy Chandrashekhar, MDNeuromuscular Medicine FellowUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterDipak Chandy, MDProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyNew York Medical CollegeAnne B Chang, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, FAPSR, FAHMSHead of Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health ResearchSenior Respiratory and Sleep Consultant, Queensland Children's HospitalAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Qld University of TechnologyVictor T Chang, MDProfessor of Medicine,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,VA New Jersey Health Care SystemColleen Channick, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAIra M Cheifetz, MD, FCCM, FAARCProfessor of PediatricsRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, ClevelandFelicia Chen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineDaniel Chernoff, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of RadiologyAlbany Medical CenterRonald D Chervin, MD, MSEditor-in-Chief — Sleep MedicineSection Editor — Pediatric Sleep MedicineProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAlbert T Cheung, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaStanford University School of MedicineMay Chien, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorStanford University Department of PediatricsAmit Chopra, MDProfessor of Medicine, Associate Director of Pulmonary FellowshipDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Albany Medical CenterSanjiv Chopra, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Consultant in Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Marshall Wolf Master Clinician EducatorBrigham and Women's HospitalTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemVineet Chopra, MD, MScRobert W. Schrier Chair of MedicineProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineGabriel Choukroun, MD, PhDHead of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation DepartmentCHU Amiens and Picardie UniversitySusmita Chowdhuri, MD, MS, FAASMProfessor of MedicineWayne State UniversityCindy Christian, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaKent L Christopher, MD, RRT, FCCP, FAARCClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineJason Chu, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineDepartment of Emergency MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterFrances Chung, MBBS, FRCPCProfessor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain ManagementUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoChiara Cirelli, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryU Wisconsin-MadisonPeter A Cistulli, MBBS, PhD, FRACPProfessor of Sleep MedicineUniversity of Sydney and Royal North Shore HospitalSteven Leigh Clark, MDProfessor, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of MedicineJoannes Clerinx, MD, DTMInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpGilles Clermont, MDCM, MScProfessorDepartment of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghMegan B Clowse, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDivision of Rheumatology and ImmunologyDawn P Coe, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport StudiesUniversity of TennesseeAndrew A Colin, MDBatchelor Family Professor of Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonology Director, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMiller School of Medicine University of MiamiJoseph M Collaco, MD, MPH, MBA, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineFelipe B Collares, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyUniversity of Central FloridaNancy Collop, MDEditor-in-Chief — Sleep MedicineSection Editor — Sleep Related Breathing DisordersProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyDirector, Emory Sleep Center, Emory UniversityHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaWilson S Colucci, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineMichelle V Conde, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioKavitha Conti, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineCarlyne D Cool, MDClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineAffiliate, National Jewish HealthLeslie T Cooper, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRamon Corbalan, MDProfessor of MedicineCardiovascular DivisionPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileMichael J Corwin, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthEthan Cowan, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineIcahn Mount Sinai School of MedicineRobert S Crausman, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBrown UniversityJoseph P Cravero, MDProfessor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalClaire J Creutzfeldt, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarborview Stroke CenterUniversity of WashingtonMark Crowther, MD, MScSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of Medicine and Pathology & Molecular MedicineSt Joseph’s Hospital and McMaster UniversityBrett L Cucchiara, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterAdam Cuker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaAntonio Culebras, MDProfessor of NeurologyUpstate Medical UniversityLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBarbara H Curtis, CNM, MSNMassachusetts General HospitalJ Randall Curtis, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonDonald Cutlip, MDSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAllison Dalton, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoSonye K Danoff, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineShailendra Das, DOAssistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine ServiceBaylor College of MedicineAndrew Davenport, MD, FRCPDirector of UCL Centre for Dialysis & Renal Physiology ResearchUCL Department of NephrologyUniversity College LondonMatthew S Davenport, MD, FSAR, FSCBTMRAssociate Professor of Urology and RadiologyDirector of Body MRI, Associate Chair for QualityMichigan Radiology Quality CollaborativeUniversity of Michigan Health SystemJosé Luis De Cardenas, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine and SurgeryDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of MichiganAdam de Havenon, MD, MSAssociate professor of NeurologyYale School of MedicineDiva D De Leon-Crutchlow, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJustus de Zeeuw, MDWuppertal, GermanyMark E Deffebach, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPaul F Dellaripa, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolElizabeth G Demicco, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PathologyMount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoShoma Desai, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineLAC and USC Medical CenterRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPrasad Devarajan, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineRajiv Dhand, MD, FCCP, FACP, FAARC, FRSM, ATSFProfessor and Endowed Chair, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Graduate School of MedicineJoshua M Diamond, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul Dieffenbach, MDDeputy Editor — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician, Brigham and Women's HospitalMazen M Dimachkie, MDExecutive Vice Chairman & Neuromuscular Division DirectorProfessor – Department of NeurologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterH Erhan Dincer, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaJodie Dionne-Odom, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamAnne E Dixon, BM, BChSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VermontKevin Doerschug, MD, MSClinical Professor of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineRaphael Dolin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPamela S Douglas, MDUrsula Geller Professor of Research in Cardiovascular DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityJayme Dowdall, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterThomas Doyle, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineMatthew G Drake, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareAssociate Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care FellowshipPrincipal Investigator, OHSU Asthma LabMark T Dransfield, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRichard H Drew, PharmD, MS, FCCP, FIDPProfessorCampbell University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesProfessor and Clinical PharmacistDuke School of MedicineFrank W Drislane, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolAnne M Dubin, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford School of MedicineChristopher Duggan, MD, MPHMeltzer Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalDamian E Dupuy, MDDirector of Tumor AblationRhode Island HospitalProfessor of Diagnostic ImagingBrown Medical SchoolRaed A Dweik, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(C), FCCM, FAHAProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineBrent M Egan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleVP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical AssociationEric C Eichenwald, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaApril F Eichler, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Neurology and Sleep MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew Eisenberg, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam J Elliott, MD, PhDSection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and PharmacologyHead, Division of PharmacologyChair, Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WADavid H Ellison, MD, FASN, FAHAProfessor of Medicine and Physiology & PharmacologyOregon Health & Science UniversityJonathan Elmer, MD, MS, FNCSAssociate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterErin E Endom, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineScott K Epstein, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineUta Erdbruegger, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaSusan P Etheridge, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineKaren A fa*gan, MDProfessor of Medicine and PharmacologyChief, Division f Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of South AlabamaKhoulood Fakhoury, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRonald J Falk, MDNan and Hugh Cullman Eminent Professor of NephrologyChair, Department of MedicineDirector, UNC Kidney CenterUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel HillJames C Fang, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of UtahChristopher H Fanta, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarrison W Farber, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts Medical SchoolCaitlin Farrell, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalPeter F Fedullo, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego Medical CenterAlan Fein, MDDirector, Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineNorth Shore University HospitalSteven H Feinsilver, MDProfessor of MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineDarren Feldman, MDSection Editor — Testicular CancerAssociate Attending PhysicianDepartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDavid J Feller-Kopman, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyChief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine — Dartmouth Hitchco*ck Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine — Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth CollegeGary T Ferguson, MDDirector, Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast MichiganClinical Professor of Medicine, Michigan State UniversityCaraciolo J Fernandes, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineStephen J Ferzoco, MDChief of General SurgeryAtrius HealthThomas M File, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary InfectionsProfessor of MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityDavid Filsoof, MDPhysicianCedars Sinai Heart InstituteJonathan D Finder, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMichael J Fine, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGeraldine Finlay, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicinePaul N Fiorilli, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaFrank A Fish, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Associate Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineJay A Fishman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host ProgramMassachusetts General HospitalJohn M Flack, MD, MPH, FAHA, FASH, MACPProfessor and Sergio Rabinovich Endowed Chair of Internal MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversityKevin R Flaherty, MD, MSSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health SystemEric Fleegler, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSarah E Fleet, MDDirector, Growth and Nutrition ProgramAttending PhysicianBoston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionInstructor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJessica Fleitman, MDHVICU director, Penn Presbyterian HospitalUniversity of Pennsylvania (August 2020)Patricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisJennifer E Flythe, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAndrew Fontenot, MDHenry N. Claman Professor of Medicine, Division Head, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCRobert P Frantz, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineNeil Freedman, MDHead, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareNorth Shore University Health System, Evanston, ILClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineJoy L Fridey, MDMedical OfficerAmerican Red Cross Blood Services Scientific AffairsJonathan W Friedberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJames P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of RochesterGerald Friedland, MDProfessor Emeritus of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Public HealthYale School of MedicineLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalLloyd N Friedman, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineYale School of MedicineScott L Friedman, MDFishberg Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteBarry Fuchs, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSusan Fuchs, MDProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineEri f*ckaya, MD, PhDClinical Associate Professor of SurgeryStanford UniversityDavid R Fulton, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel E Furst, MDSection Editor — Treatment Issues in RheumatologyClinical professor, University of Washington, SeattleClinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyProfessor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis AssociatesDavid F Gaieski, MDProfessorSidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityRajesh T Gandhi, MD, FIDSASection Editor — Opportunistic InfectionsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid A Garcia, MDSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRavindra Kumar Garg, MD, DM, FRCPProfessor and Head Department of Neurology King George Medical UniversityEric Garshick, MD, MOHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarl Michael Gay, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorThoracic/Head & Neck Medical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPeter C Gay, MDProfessor Of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolRobert Gaynes, MDDistinguished Physician and Professor EmeritusEmory University School of MedicineRobert L Geggel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJames N George, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterLynn B Gerald, PhD, MSPHVice Chancellor for Population HealthOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois, ChicagoMark Gestring, MDProfessor of Surgery, Emergency Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineElsa-Grace Giardina, MD, MS, FACC, FACP, FAHAProfessor of MedicineDirector, Center for Women’s Health Columbia University Medical CenterC Michael Gibson, MS, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThomas R Gildea, MD, MSDepartment of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and Transplant CenterCleveland ClinicAdrian G Gillissen, MD, PhD, MScProfessor of MedicineErmstalklinik, Department: Med. Klinik III / Pulmonary MedicineMichael M Givertz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBertil Glader, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineNicole Glaser, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicinePatrick Gleeson, MDPost-Doctoral FellowSection of Allergy and Immunology, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care DivisionHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaEric Goldberg, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineAry L Goldberger, MDSection Editor — ElectrocardiographyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCathy A Goldstein, MDSection Editor — Circadian Rhythm DisordersAssistant Professor, NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Sleep Disorders CenterJames A Goldstein, MDProfessor of MedicineOakland University William Beaumont Hospital School of MedicineThomas A Golper, MDSection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterDavid Goltzman, MDProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversitySenior Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponseAnkush Gosain, MD, PhD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery and PediatricsChildren's Foundation Research InstituteLe Bonheur Children's HospitalUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterKaoru Goshima, MDProfessor, SurgeryUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences CenterJames R Gossage, MDProfessor of MedicineAugusta UniversityMichael K Gould, MD, MSProfessor, Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of MedicinePraveen Govender, MB BchAssistant Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineAssociate Director Sarcoidosis Center, Boston Medical CenterW. Adam Gower, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineVikas Goyal, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDDepartment of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Gold Coast HealthAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyBarney S Graham, MD, PhDFormer Deputy DirectorViral Pathogenesis ResearchBethesda, MDAmy L Graziani, PharmDClinical Pharmacist, Infectious DiseasesHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaAssociate Professor in Pharmacy, Adjunct FacultyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseyMichael A Gropper, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative CareUniversity of California, San FranciscoAditi Gupta, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterNishant Gupta, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiIndira Gurubhagavatula, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Division of Sleep Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaRamsey R Hachem, MDSection Editor — Lung TransplantationProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineIan P Hall, MDProfessor in Molecular MedicineUniversity Hospital, Nottingham, UKMatthew Hallman, MDAssistant ProfessorU of Washington Dept of AnesthesiologyRobert Hallowell, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolShihab Hameed, BSc, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney Children's HospitalHead of Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore HospitalConjoint Senior Lecturer, University of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's HealthClinical Senior Lecturer, University of Sydney, Northern Clinical SchoolMargaret R Hammerschlag, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterMeiLan King Han, MD, MSSection Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPDProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterSusan M Harding, MD, FCCP, AGAFSection Editor — Diagnostic TestingProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamKaren Hardinger, PharmD, BCPSClinical ProfessorUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityStephanie M Harman, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineMatthew G Hartwig, MD, MHSProfessor of SurgeryDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Health SystemKohei Hasegawa, MD, MPH, PhDAssociate Professor Harvard Medical SchoolPaul Hassoun, MDProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalKenan Haver, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMargaret M Hayes, MD, ATSFDirector, Medical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChristina J Hayhurst, MDAssistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareVanderbilt University Medical CenterMichele Heath, LP, CCPPerfusionistDurham VA Medical CenterJohn E Heffner, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityProvidence Portland Medical CenterJosh H Heinzerling, MDRadiation OncologistSoutheast Radiation OncologyCharlotte, North CarolinaLeslie Hendeles, PharmDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of FloridaKatherine P Hendra, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineRobert G Hendrickson, MD, FACMT, FAACTSection Editor — ToxicologyMedical Director, Oregon Poison CenterProgram Director, Fellowship in Medical Toxicology ProfessorDepartment of Emergency MedicineOregon Health and Science University (OHSU)Elizabeth Henske, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFelix JF Herth, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of HeidelbergDean Hess, RRT, PhD, FAARC, FCCMManaging EditorLecturerNortheastern UniversityRespiratory Care, Massachusetts General HospitalJohn R Hess, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJustin Christopher Hewlett, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineDaren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MScProfessor of MedicineQueen's University, Ontario, CanadaScott K Heysell, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Infectious Diseases and International HealthUniversity of VirginiaPatricia L Hibberd, MD, PhDChair, Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthJorge Hidalgo, MDProfessor of Critical Care; Chief, Divison of Critical CareKarl Heusner Memorial Hospital/Belize Healthcare PartnersJohn Higgins, MD, MBA, MPHIL, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FACSM, FASNCAssociate Professor of MedicineThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)Ziyad M Hijazi, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACC, MSCAI, FAHA, FPICSProfessor of Pediatrics & Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineChief Medical Officer & Chair, Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesDoha, QatarNicholas S Hill, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineIrl B Hirsch, MDSection Editor — Diabetes MellitusProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRobert J Hoffman, MDMedical Director, Qatar Poison CenterDepartment of Emergency MedicineSidra MedicineRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineHelen Hollingsworth, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineMunther K hom*oud, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineEwout J Hoorn, MD, PhDProfessor of NephrologyErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWilliam Hopkins, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineC Robert Horsburgh, Jr, MD, MUSProfessor of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and MedicineBoston University School of Public HealthJoy D Howell, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityMichael Howell, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolJames Huang, MDThoracic ServiceDepartment of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterJohn T Huggins, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaMenno V Huisman, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsRussell D Hull, MBBS, MScEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Calgary, CanadaLinda Humphrey, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRobert C Hyzy, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterMichael Ieong, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineDavid H Ingbar, MDProfessor of Medicine, Physiology, and PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota School of MedicineLesley A Inker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineSilvio E Inzucchi, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineCharles G Irvin, PhD, FERSProfessorUniversity of Vermont Department of MedicineRichard S Irwin, MDProfessor of MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolKoto Ishida, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU Medical CenterShaheen Islam, MD, MPH, FCCPDivision Director, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineAugusta University, Medical College of GeorgiaMichael G Ison, MD, MSProfessor, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ TransplantationNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineElliot Israel, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTheodore Iwashyna, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and Public HealthJohns HopkinsBertrand L Jaber, MD, MS, FASNProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJesse T Jacob, MDProfessor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)Emory University School of MedicineAllan S Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Medical SchoolIbrahim A Janahi, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill-Cornell Medical College, QatarDaisy JA Janssen, MD, PhDResearch coordinator, Centre of Expertise for Palliative careMaastricht University Medical CentreDawn Jaroszewski, MD, MBA, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryMayo Clinic ArizonaJohn L Jefferies, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHAJay Michael Sullivan Distinguished Chair in CardiologyProfessor and Chief, Division of Adult Cardiovascular DiseasesDirector, Methodist University of Tennessee Cardiovascular InstituteDirector, Methodist Cardiovascular Service LineProfessor, Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children’s HospitalJames R Jett, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary MedicineProfessor of Medicine EmeritusNational Jewish HealthShijing Jia, MDAssistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MichiganDouglas C Johnson, MDAssociate Professor, Department of MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolKaren E Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineNicholas J Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of WashingtonBarbara L Jones, PhD, MSWProfessor of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at AustinNaima T Joseph, MD, MPH, MADivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School, Boston MAJose Joseph-Vempilly, MDProfessor of MedicineUCSF, FresnoMartin F Joyce-Brady, MDClinical Professor of Medicine, The Pulmonary CenterBoston University School of MedicineBrooke G Judd, MDAssistant Professor of Psychiatry (Sleep Medicine) and MedicineDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterLowell S Kabnick, MD, RPhS, FACS, FACPhDirector of Clinical OperationsUnited Vein And Vascular CentersChristopher Kabrhel, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRonaldo A Kairalla, MD, PhDAssistant Professor - Pulmonary DivisionUniversity of São Paulo, BrazilLarry R Kaiser, MDAdjunct Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineThe Lewis Katz Dean, EmeritusThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityGregory P Kalemkerian, MDProfessor of MedicineCo-Director, Thoracic OncologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterDavid A Kaminsky, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical CareUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineDavid A Kane, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRobert J Kaner, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversitySouha S Kanj, MDProfessor of MedicineHead of Infectious DiseasesChairperson, Infection Control ProgramCo-director, Antimicrobial Stewardship ProgramAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterSheldon L Kaplan, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor Baylor College of MedicineSiddhartha G Kapnadak, MDAssistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineVishesh K Kapur, MD, MPHProfessor and Director of Sleep Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of WashingtonCo-Director, UW Medicine Sleep CenterAnoop Karippot, MD, FAASMMedical DirectorAKANE Institute of Allergy Asthma and Sleep MedicineStacey M Kassutto, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaHasmeena Kathuria, MDSection Editor — Tobacco Dependence TreatmentAssociate Professor of MedicineThe Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of MedicineJulie P Katkin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCarol A Kauffman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Fungal InfectionsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDavid A Kaufman, MDAssociate ProfessorNYU School of MedicineAnn Kavanaugh-McHugh, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineSteven M Kawut, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaKeith Kaye, MD, MPHChief, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRobert L Keith, MDProfessor of Medicine and Cancer BiologyAssociate Chief of StaffResearch, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDenver Veterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of Colorado Cancer CenterUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineT Barry Kelleher, MD, FRCPIConsultant GastroenterologistMater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, IrelandMark A Kelley, MD, MACPVisiting Scholar, Harvard Business SchoolPhysician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalKaren Kelly, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California Davis Cancer CenterJohn M Kelso, MDSection Editor – AnaphylaxisDivision of Allergy, Asthma, and ImmunologyScripps Clinic, San Diego, CAHarold L Kennedy, MD, MPHAdjunctive Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineDavid G Kern, MDMaine VA Medical CenterAugusta, MaineFayez Kheir, MD, MScAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrent R King, MD, MMMProfessor of Emergency MedicineThe University of Maryland School of MedicineTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoDouglas Kirsch, MD, FAASMClinical ProfessorUNC School of MedicineJacob A Klapper, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of Thoracic SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterMonica Kleinman, MDAssociate Professor of Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolSteven Kleinman, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of British Columbia, VancouverLewis R Kline, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTemple University School of MedicineJames R Klinger, MDProfessor of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityElizabeth S Klings, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAmy D Klion, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistBaltimore, MDMichael Klompas, MD, MPHProfessor of Population MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaphne Knicely, MD, MEHPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineBradley P Knight, MD, FACCSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityMeagan Domangue KnightPatient Perspective Author – LymphangioleiomyomatosisDaniel M Kolansky, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMarin H Kollef, MDProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineScott E Kopec, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterDaryl J Kor, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicIgor J Koralnik, MDArchibald Church Professor of NeurologySection Chief, Neuro-Infectious Diseases & Global NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityRobert M Kotloff, MDSection Editor — Lung TransplantationProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineCamille N Kotton, MDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolEugene C Kovalik, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterNaomi R Kramer, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJonathan B Kruskal, MD, PhDSection Editor — Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMeir H Kryger, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineYale UniversityAnupam Kumar, MD, FCCPAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineKapil Kumar, MDClinical Instructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNeeraj Kumar, MDProfessor, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic Rochester, MNOren Kupfer, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute at Children's Hospital ColoradoShana Kusin, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyOregon Health and Science UniversitySylvia M LaCourse, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonRoger J Laham, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTanya M Laidlaw, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFiona R Lake, MD, FRACPClinical ProfessorSir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Department of HealthPaul A Lange, MDClinical Professor, Department of MedicineWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of MedicineNancy Lange-Vaidya, MD, MPHInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalAlfred A Lardizabal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNew Jersey Medical SchoolAnne M Larson, MD, FACP, FAASLD, AGAFClinical Professor of MedicineClinic ChiefUW Medicine/NWH HepatologyNorthwest Hospital and Medical CenterRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineTiciana Leal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector, Medical Thoracic OncologyWinship Cancer InstituteEmory University School of MedicineLorriana Leard, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoJulia Kim LeBlanc, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineNoah Lechtzin, MD, MHSAssociate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineJoint Appointments in Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineKarin Leder, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MPH, DTMHSection Editor — Travel MedicineHead of Infectious Diseases UnitMonash UniversityHans Lee, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityJoyce S Lee, MDSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor, Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDirector, Interstitial Lung Disease ProgramUniversity of Colorado DenverLois K Lee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRichard H Lee, MDProfessor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaWon Lee, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMedical Director, Sleep and Breathing Disorders CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterYC Gary Lee, MBChB, PhDProfessor of Respiratory MedicineUniversity of Western Australia, Perth, AustraliaNatasha B Leighl, MD, MMScPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreProfessor of Medicine, University of TorontoRobert F Lemanske, Jr, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health at Madison, WICatherine Lemière, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal Medical SchoolDaniel H Leung, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineLawrence LK Leung, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationMaureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineBarbara LeVarge, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillThomas Levin, MDAdvocate Heart InstituteAdvocate Medical GroupOak Lawn, IllinoisMichael D Levine, MDDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesMartin M LeWinter, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of VermontBrett Ley, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoChief, Pulmonary MedicineKaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical CenterOrfeas Liangos, MD, FASNAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineRogerio C Lilenbaum, MD, FACPSection Editor — Lung CancerChief Physician Executive, Jupiter Medical CenterAjit P Limaye, MD, FACP, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonAndrew H Limper, MDProfessor of Pulmonary MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineA Michael Lincoff, MDDirector, Center for Clinical ResearchProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityMark S Link, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaGregg Lipschik, MDClinical Associate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineAugusto A Litonjua, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsGolisano Children's Hospital of University of Rochester Medical CenterLeslie A Litzky, MDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterMark Liu, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJoseph LoCicero, III, MD, FCCPProfessor of Surgery EmeritusSUNY DownstateLaura L Loftis, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKatherine Lord, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaChristine M Lovly, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology-OncologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterIngram Associate Professor of Cancer ResearchVanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterGregory M Lucas, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityDavid J Lucier, MD, MBA, MPHInstructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChair of Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalAndrew M Luks, MDProfessor - Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Medicine, University of WashingtonAlice Ma, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineThe Medical Alumni Loyalty Fund Distinguished Teaching ProfessorUniversity of North CarolinaMichael S Machuzak, MDDepartment of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineCleveland ClinicGraeme MacLaren, MBBS, MSc, FRACP, FCICMCritical care physicianNational University Hospital, SingaporeChristopher Madias, MDAssistant Professor Tufts University School of MedicineJ Mark Madison, MDProfessor of Medicine and Microbiology and Physiological SystemsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolColm C Magee, MD, MPH, FRCPIClinical Lecturer in MedicineRoyal College of SurgeonsLisa A Maier, MDProfessor,National Jewish HealthDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine and Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthColorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado DenverAdnan Majid, MD, FCCPAssociate Professor of Medicine and SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBarry Make, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish Health (NJH) and University of Colorado School of MedicineCo-Director, COPD ProgramNJHFabien Maldonado, MD, MScSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Thoracic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineAtul Malhotra, MDPeter C Farrell Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoAndrew Malone, MB, BCh, MRCPIAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of NephrologyDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF, FRCPSection Editor — Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseKenneth M. Moser Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal MedicineUC San Diego School of MedicineJohannes FE Mann, MDProfessor of MedicineFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergDavid M Mannino, MDDirector, Pulmonary Epidemiology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kentucky School of MedicineAntonis S Manolis, MDProfessor of CardiologyAthens University School of MedicineMichael K Mansour, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalDror Marchaim, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineSackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv UniversityDirector of Infection Control and Prevention UnitShamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterJulie M Marchant, MBBS, FRACP, PhDAssociate ProfessorAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyJoseph E Marine, MD, FACC, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineVice-Director, Division of CardiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDonald W Marion, MDSenior ConsultantDefense and Veterans Brain Injury CenterGary F Marklin, MDChief Medical and Research OfficerMid-America TransplantJennifer L Martin, PhDProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLANiels Martin, MD, FACS, FCCMAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineRichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineRichard J Martin, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthThomas J Martin, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineVirginia Tech-Carilion School of MedicineAssistant Professor of MedicineEdward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic MedicineAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineFernando J Martinez, MD, MSBruce Webster Professor of MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeTereza Martinu, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoKiran Maski, MDInstructor, Harvard Medical SchoolClinician in Sleep and Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalBarbara M Mathes, MD, FACP, FAADClinical Associate, DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaOscar H Mayer, MDProfessor of Clinical Pediatrics, Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePaul H Mayo, MDAcademic Director Critical CareDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineNorthwell Health LIJ/NSUH Medical CenterProfessor of Clinical MedicineDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellJennifer McArthur, DOAssociate Member, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalAdjunct Associate Professor, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinMary McClain, RN, MSConsultant, SMART Study Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston UniversityFrancis X McCormack, MDTaylor Professor and Director, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, The University of Cincinnati School of MedicineMeredith C McCormack, MD, MHSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineMedical Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityW Joseph McCune, MD, MACRMichael H and Marcia S Klein Professor of Rheumatic DiseasesDirector, Lupus Program, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganShaunagh McDermott, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolColin McDonald, MDInstructor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael L McGarvey, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSharon McGrath-Morrow, MD, MBAProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonaryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineKenneth McIntosh, MDProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBrady J McKee, MDSection Head, Thoracic Imaging and Cardiac CTDivision of RadiologyLahey Hospital & Medical CenterAssistant Professor Tufts University School of MedicineJakob I McSparron, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAssociate Director, Critical Care Medicine UnitProgram Director, Fellowship in Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MichiganJustin McWilliams, MD, FSIRProfessorInterventional RadiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesC Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaReena Mehra, MD, MS, FCCP, FAASMAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector of Sleep Disorders ResearchCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityAnkit Mehta, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, DallasAssociate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency, Baylor University Medical Center, DallasAtul C Mehta, MBBS, FCCPProfessor of MedicineCleveland Clinic FoundationAvedis Meneshian, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryDivision of Thoracic SurgeryJohns Hopkins HospitalThoracic SurgeonAnne Arundel Medical CenterDick Menzies, MD, MScProfessor of Medicine and of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMontreal Chest Institute, McGill UniversityPeter A Merkel, MD, MPHSection Editor — VasculitisChief, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaJulia A Messina, MD, MHS, MScAssistant Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityChristian Meyer, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins HospitalDavid Michelson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsLoma Linda UniversityNathan W Mick, MDAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineDavid E Midthun, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineEmmanuel Mignot, MD, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicineMark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorPulmonary Sciences and Critical CareAssociate Chief Medical Officer, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineMichael T Milano, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyUniversity of RochesterRachel L Miller, MD, FAAAAIDr. David and Dorothy Merksamer Professor of Medicine (Allergy and Immunology)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiYork E Miller, MDThomas L Petty Chair of Lung ResearchDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineStaff Physician, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineRichard P Millman, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityNils Milman, MDDepartment of Lung TransplantationRigshospitalet, DenmarkOmar A Minai, MDClinical Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine Liberty University College of Osteopathic MedicineAlicia B Minns, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineFellowship Director, Medical Toxicology FellowshipUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineSiraj Mithoowani, MD, MHPE, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineMcMaster UniversityLawrence C Mohr, MD, FACP, FCCPProfessor of Medicine, Biometry & EpidemiologyMedical University of South CarolinaBruce A Molitoris, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineSydney Montesi, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJoshua Mooney, MD, MSClinical Assistant ProfessorStanford UniversityRobert H Moore, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDavid A Morrow, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid B Mount, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate/Clinical Chief, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalRenal Division, VA BostonAlbeir Y Mousa, MD, FACS, MBA, MPH, RPVIProfessor, Department of SurgeryVascular and Endovascular Surgery DivisionWest Virginia UniversityMelissa Muff-Luett, MDAssistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital and Medical CenterSuraj Ashok Muley, MD, FAAN, FACPMedical Director of NeuroimmunologyBob Bove Neuroscience Institute at HonorhealthMary P Mullen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityDavid Murdoch, MD, MSc, DTM&H, FRACP, FRCPA, FFSc(RCPA)Clinical Microbiologist and Infectious Diseases PhysicianUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchSeptimiu Murgu, MDProfessorUniversity of ChicagoTimothy F Murphy, MDSUNY Distinguished ProfessorUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkBrian James Murray, MD, FRCPC D, ABSMProfessor of Neurology, Department of MedicineSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of TorontoDaniel M Musher, MDProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicinePatrick H Nachman, MD, FASNDirector, Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionDirector, Minnesota Multidisciplinary Vasculitis ProgramUniversity of MinnesotaDavid Naeger, MDDirector of Radiology, Denver HealthProfessor and Vice Chair of Radiology, University of ColoradoArun Nagdev, MDDirector, Emergency UltrasoundAlameda Health SystemHighland General HospitalAssociate Clinical ProfessorUCSF School of MedicineJoshua Nagler, MD, MHPEdSection Editor — Pediatric SurgeryAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBindi Naik-Mathuria, MD, MPHProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchThomas A Nakagawa, MD, FAAP, FCCMProfessorUniversity of Florida College of MedicineMichael Narkewicz, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJoel W Neal, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Medicine (Oncology)Stanford University/ Stanford Cancer InstituteRobert S Negrin, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineRichard W Nesto, MDChief Medical OfficerBeth Israel Lahey HealthProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineGiora Netzer, MD, MSCEProfessor of Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineDavid N Neubauer, MDAssociate Professor, Department of PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineCindy Neunert, MD, MSCSAssociate Professor, PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterRemi Neviere, MDProfessorUniversity Hospital CHU of MartiniqueLee S Newman, MD, MA, FCCP, FACOEMProfessor, Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthColorado School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverLynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDLawrence M Nogee, MDProfessor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMarc Noppen, MDProfessor and Head, Interventional Endoscopy UnitUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalImre Noth, MDProfessor of Medicine Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineJed G Nuchtern, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery DivisionBaylor College of MedicineChiagozie Nwasuruba, MD, FACP, SFHMProfessor of MedicineUT Tyler School of MedicineSharmilee Maria Nyenhuis, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Allergy & ImmunologyUniversity of ChicagoPaul M O'Byrne, MB, FRCP(C), FRSCDean and Vice President, Faculty of Health Sciences, ProfessorMcMaster University, CanadaMichael F O'Connor, MD, FCCMSection Editor — Surgical Critical CareProfessor, Department of Anesthesia & Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoLiza C O'Dowd, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChristopher M Oermann, MDProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKelly P O'Keefe, MD, FACEPProgram Director and ProfessorFlorida State University College of MedicineEmergency Medicine ResidencySarasota Memorial HospitalMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemJ Tod Olin, MD, MSCSAssociate Professor and Director, Pediatric Exercise Tolerance CenterDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology National Jewish HealthJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilKenneth R Olivier, MDAssociate ProfessorMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNBrian Olshansky, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasAdjunct Professor of MedicineDes Moines UniversityEric Olson, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineWilliam G Ondo, MDWeill Cornell Medical SchoolDirector, Movement Disorders, Methodist Neurological CenterDavid Ost, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Pulmonary MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJamie Ostroff, PhDBehavioral Sciences Service Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterDawn Owen, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorRadiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic RochesterMenaka Pai, MD, FRCPCAssociate Professor, Hematology and ThromboembolismMcMaster UniversityVernon M Pais, Jr, MD, MSProfessor of Surgery/UrologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthPaul M Palevsky, MDSection Editor — Acute Kidney InjuryProfessor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemDavid Palma, MD, PhDProfessorWestern University, London, CanadaBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterScott M Palmer, MD, MHSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterTara N Palmore, MDProfessor of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public HealthProfessor of MedicineGeorge Washington University School of MedicineHospital EpidemiologistGeorge Washington University HospitalPratik Pandharipande, MD, MSCIProfessor of Anesthesiology and SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNereida A Parada, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineSection of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Environmental MedicineTulane University School of MedicineElyse R Park, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Behavioral Sciences, MGH Tobacco Research & Treatment CenterDirector of Behavioral Science Research, Center for Psychiatric & Behavioral Sciences, MGH Cancer CenterDirector of Behavioral Health Research, MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body MedicineJoong Shin Park, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University College of Medicine, KoreaSairam Parthasarathy, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaShalini Paruthi, MDAdjunct Associate ProfessorSaint Louis University School of MedicineHarvey I Pass, MDStephen E. Banner Professor of Thoracic OncologyNYU Langone Medical CenterPriya J Patel, MDAssistant Professor in Clinical MedicineSection of Allergy and ImmunologyPulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care DivisionPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaThomas F Patterson, MD, FACP, FIDSAChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDirector, San Antonio Center for Medical MycologyThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioTobias Peikert, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNConstantino Pena, MDMedical Director of Vascular ImagingMiami Cardiac & Vascular InstituteJean Louis Pepin, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical PhysiologyUniversity Joseph FourierMark A Peppercorn, MDProfessor of Medicine EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolRonald D Perrone, MDSection Editor — Cystic DiseaseProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineHolly Perry, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineStephen Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI, ATSF, FCPPDavis Professor and Chief, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineKurt Pfeifer, MD, FACP, SFHMChief, Section of Perioperative and Consultative MedicineProfessor of Medicine – General Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinRobert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRSElectrophysiologistAlbany Associates in CardiologyPedro A Piedra, MDProfessor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJoseph Pilewski, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology, and PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghAmanda Piper, PhDAssociate ProfessorFaculty of Medicine, University of SydneyJames M Pivarnik, PhDProfessor of Kinesiology, Epidemiology, and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityThomas A E Platts-Mills, MD, PhDOscar Swineford Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Medical SchoolPhilip J Podrid, MD, FACCProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of MedicineLecturer, Harvard Medical SchoolMarc A Pohl, MDPast, Ray W. Gifford, Jr., MD Endowed Chair in HypertensionConsultant StaffDepartment of Nephrology and HypertensionGlickman Urologic and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicWendy J Pomerantz, MD, MSCo-Director, Injury Free Coalition of Greater CincinnatiProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiJacquelyn M Powers, MD, MSAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnton Pozniak, MD, FRCPTuberculosis Lead PhysicianChelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation TrustJordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRSProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of WashingtonChing-Hon Pui, MDChair of the Department of OncologyFahad Al-Rashid Chair of Leukemia ResearchSt. Jude's Children's HospitalAmerican Cancer Society Professor Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterCharles D Pusey, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineImperial College, LondonDiana R Quintero, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleChristopher Radchenko, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine, University of CincinnatiInterventional Pulmonology, Pulmonology aJai Radhakrishnan, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterGerrard Rafferty, PhD, SFHEAReader in Human and Translational Physiology, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonGanesh Raghu, MDProfessor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine (Adjunct)University of Washington School of MedicineRishi Raj, MDClinical Professor of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineStanford University School of MedicineMark E Ralston, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSuresh S Ramalingam, MDProfessorDirector of Medical OncologyDepartment of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University, Winship Cancer InstituteJulio A Ramirez, MD, FACPSection Editor — Pulmonary InfectionsProfessor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleSivakumar R Rathinam, FAMS, PhDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Head of uveitis serviceAravind Eye Hospital & PG Institute of OphthalmologyRahul H Rathod, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChristine C Reardon, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineNancy Reau, MDProfessor of MedicineRichard B. Capps Chair of HepatologyChief, Section of Hepatology Associate Director, Solid Organ TransplantationRush University Medical CenterGregory Redding, MDSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineGuy S Reeder, MDSection Editor — Coronary DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolLee B Reichman, MD, MPHSenior Advisor and Past Executive DirectorRutgers Global Tuberculosis InstituteJohn P Reilly, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicineLynn F Reinke, PhD, ARNPAssociate Professor, Presidential Endowed Chair in Palliative and End of Life CareUniversity of Utah, College of NursingAlex Reyentovich, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNYU Langone School of MedicineChanu Rhee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Population Medicine and MedicineHarvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's HospitalCarlos Roberto Ribeiro de Carvalho, MD, PhDProfessor of Pulmonology and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, BrazilDavid Richards, MD, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineMichael J Richards, MD, FRACPDirector, Victorian Infectious Disease ServiceDirector, VICNISS Coordinating Centre for Surveillance of Healthcare-associated InfectionsThe Royal Melbourne HospitalNancy A Rigotti, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLee W Riley, MDProfessor of Infectious Diseases and EpidemiologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyBelinda Rivera-Lebron, MD, MS, FCCPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghGianfranco Rizzato, MDPrimario Emerito Internal MedicineNiguarda Hospital (Piazza Ospedale Maggiore)Mark G Roback, MDSection Head, Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnne Roberts, MDProfessor of RadiologyUCSD Medical SchoolDarren M Roberts, MBBS, PhD, FRACPClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney and NSW Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's Hospital NetworkWestmead, AustraliaMaisha T Robinson, MD, MSAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicPaul D Robinson, MBChB, MRCPCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineChildren's Hospital at WestmeadProfessorUniversity of SydneyBrianne Barnett Roby, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaDon C Rockey, MDChairman, Department of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRichard J Rodeheffer, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolAnja C Roden, MDProfessor of PathologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic RochesterDiana Rodriguez, MD, MPH, MBA, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine, Steward Healthcare and Baystate Medical CenterLecturer, George Washington School of BusinessLecturer, GE Healthcare (Ultrasound)Tufts Medical SchoolMaria C Rodriguez-Barradas, MDProfessor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineAndrea H Roe, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaTimothy Roehrs, PhDDirector of ResearchHenry Ford Sleep Disorders ClinicGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCecile Rose, MD, MPHProfessor, Division of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Jewish Medical HealthDennis M Rosen, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGerald M Rosen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIlene M Rosen, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJoseph B Rosen, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemKenneth Rosenzweig, MDProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Radiation OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMitchell H Rosner, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNatalia S Rost, MD, MPHProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephen J Roth, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Stanford University School of MedicineThomas Roth, PhDAdjunct Clinical Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of MichiganJohn M Routes, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology/ImmunologyDepartment of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Medical College of WisconsinJames A Rowley, MDProfessor of MedicineWayne State University School of MedicineJonah N Rubin, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterLewis J Rubin, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityMichael R Rudnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineFadel E Ruiz, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLDSection Editor — Cirrhosis and Its ComplicationsSpecial Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New MexicoErich W Russi, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineZurich University Hospital, SwitzerlandMelissa L Russo, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Clinical GeneticistAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityMonique M Ryan, FRACPProfessorUniversity of MelbourneHead, Department of NeurologyRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneChristopher Ryerson, MDProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaJay H Ryu, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineKenneth G Saag, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremiah J Sabado, MDClinical Instructor of Radiology and PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversitySabina Sabharwal, MD, MPHInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCharlotte Sadler, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD)Rommel Sagana, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterRichard A Saladino, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJoseph K Salama, MDProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyDuke UniversitySusan Saleeb, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSteven D Salhanick, MDStaff ToxicologistChildren's Hospital Boston, and The Center for Poison Information & Control;Assistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJohn R Saltzman, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFSection Editor — Therapeutic and Diagnostic EndoscopyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan M Samet, MD, MSDean and ProfessorColorado School of Public HealthOwen B Samuels, MDProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryEmory UniversityClaudio Sandoval, MDArun J Sanyal, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineBabak Sarani, MD, FACS, FCCMProfessor of Surgery and Emergency MedicineDirector, Center for Trauma and Critical CareGeorge Washington UniversityMichael J Sateia, MDProfessor of Psychiatry (Sleep Medicine), EmeritusGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthWilliam H Sauer, MDDirector, Cardiac ElectrophysiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalKai Saukkonen, MDDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRichard H Savel, MD, MBA, FCCMProfessor of Clinical MedicineSUNY Downstate College of MedicineGregory Sawicki, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul E Sax, MDSection Editor — HIVClinical DirectorBrigham and Women's HospitalProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThomas E Scammell, MDSection Editor — HypersomniasProfessor of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolRichard J Scarfone, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Schatz, MD, MSClinical Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineEric Schauberger, DO, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonWilliam Schechter, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsColumbia University Medical CenterCarlos H Schenck, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolSteven E Schild, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessor of Radiation OncologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineNeil W Schluger, MDBarbara and William Rosenthal Professor and ChairmanNew York Medical CollegeGregory A Schmidt, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational MedicineUniversity of IowaLynn M Schnapp, MDGeorge R And Elaine Love ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public HealthJennifer Schreiber, MDGeorgetown University HospitalRichard J Schwab, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical CenterElaine Klinge Schwartz, MD, FCCPAssociate Professor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthMichael D Schwartz, MD, FCCP, FCCMProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthRichard M Schwartzstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSarah Jane Schwarzenberg, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalEdwin Seet Chuen Ping, MBBS, MMedAdjunct Associate ProfessorLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Adjunct Associate ProfessorYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeMårten Segelmark, MD, PhDProfessor in NephrologyLund UniversityLecia V Sequist, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Seres, MDSection Editor — NutritionDirector of Medical NutritionProfessor of Medicine in the Institute for Human NutritionColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsSanjay Sethi, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division Chief, Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep MedicineUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkDaniel J Sexton, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterShirin Shafazand, MD, MS, FRCP(C), FCCP, FAASMProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineAryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FASAEmeritus Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineEnglewood Hospital and Medical CenterAdjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareRutgers New JerseyElizabeth Shane, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterRon Shapiro, MDProfessor of SurgerySurgical Director, Kidney/Pancreas Transplant ProgramMount Sinai Hospital - Recanati Miller Transplantation InstituteWes Shepherd, MD, FCCPProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemFrancis D Sheski, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineBaha M Sibai, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine DivisionDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesThe University of Texas Medical School at HoustonMark D Siegel, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineReed Siemieniuk, MDGeneral internist and Health research methodologistDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster UniversityEdward D Siew, MD, MSCIAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease (VCKD)Vanderbilt University Medical CenterMichael H Silber, MBChBProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJennifer N Silva, MDAssociate Professor Pediatrics and Biomedical EngineeringWashington University School of Medicine in Saint LouisRichard H Simon, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health Sciences CenterMichael Simons, MDRobert W Berliner Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineLianne G Singer, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterRakesh K Singh, MD, MSMedical Director, Heart Failure & TransplantationPediatric Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of MedicineTP Singh, MD, MScBoston Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarco L A Sivilotti, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FACMT, FAACTProfessor of Emergency Medicine and of Biomedical & Molecular SciencesQueen's University, Kingston CanadaArthur S slu*tsky, MDProfessor of Medicine, Surgery and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto School of MedicineGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBecky A Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterEdward R Smith, MDDepartment of NeurosurgeryChildren's Hospital BostonHarvard Medical SchoolSharon R Smith, MDEmergency Medicine Physician, Research Director for the Emergency Department,University of ConnecticutMarianna Sockrider, MD, DrPHProfessor of Pediatric PulmonologyBaylor College of MedicinePatrick Soentjens, MDInstitute of Tropical Medicine, AntwerpCentre for Infectious DiseasesMilitary Hospital, BrusselsBenjamin Solomon, MBBS, PhDMedical OncologistPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreDaniel H Solomon, MD, MPHMatthew H. Liang Distinguished Chair in Arthritis and Population HealthProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Somers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolShweta Sood, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of PennsylvaniaBrian D Soriano, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics & Adjunct Associate Professor of RadiologyHeart Center, Seattle Children's HospitalUniversity of Washington School of MedicineUlrich Specks, MDProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic RochesterMichael E Speer, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDenis Spelman, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MPHSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsAdjunct ProfessorMonash UniversityDavid R Spielberg, MD, MHScAssistant Professor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineDavid Spragg, MD, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical CenterJames E Squires, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionRenee D Stapleton, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineAnn R Stark, MDProfessor in Residence of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Faculty Development, Department of NeonatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterPaul Stark, MDProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoJeffrey R Starke, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMark M Stecker, MD, PhD, FAAN, FACNS, FASNMPresidentFresno Institute of NeuroscienceVirginia Steen, MDProfessor of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterIain Stephenson, MD, FRCPSenior Lecturer in Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospitals of Leicester, UKTimothy R Sterling, MDProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineDaniel H Sterman, MDDirector, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine NYU School of Medicine NYU Langone Medical CenterBarney J Stern, MDProfessor, Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins UniversityRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryDennis L Stevens, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineGarrick C Stewart, MD MPHAssociate Physician, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalPaul C Stillwell, MDSenior Instructor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute Children’s Hospital ColoradoThomas E Stinchcombe, MDProfessorDuke Cancer InstituteJeff Stokes, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAIProfessor of PediatricsWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineAndrew Stolbach, MD, MPH, FAACT, FACMT, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicJason Stout, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDiane E Stover, MDEditor — Respiratory InfectionsChief, Pulmonary ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCharlie Strange, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaLisa Strate, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterJared Strote, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJason R Stubbs, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterMark K Su, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineNew York University School of MedicineAruna Subramanian, MDClinical Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineHille Suojalehto, MD, PhDChief physician, adjunct professorFinnish Institute of Occupational HealthV Reid Sutton, MDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineMaria Suurna, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Director of Sleep SurgeryWeill Cornell MedicineHans Sviggum, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaMayo ClinicDavid M Systrom, MD, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarold Szerlip, MD, FACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKFClinical Professor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaAdjunct Professor of MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineMatthew D Sztajnkrycer, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineMayo Medical SchoolAhmed Reda Taha, MD, MRCP, FRCP, FCCP, EDIC, FCCMPrivileged Consultant Critical Care, Adult Cardiac and Transplant Intensive CareInstitute of Critical Care Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City - Abu DhabiElizabeth A Talbot, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLynn T Tanoue, MDProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineRobert C Tasker, MBBS, MDProfessor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolHenry D Tazelaar, MDConsultantMayo Clinic ArizonaGeraldine Colby Zeiler Professor of CytopathologyMayo Clinic Alix College of MedicineJun Teruya, MD, DScProfessor of Pathology & Immunology, Pediatrics, and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineArthur C Theodore, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineHolger Thiele, MD, FESCProfessor of MedicineDirectorHeart Center Leipzig at University of LeipzigGeorge Thomas, MD, MPH, FACP, FASNDirector, Center for Blood Pressure Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineKarl W Thomas, MDProfessor of Medicine - Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and ImmunologyWake Forest School of MedicineCharles F Thomas, Jr, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineB Taylor Thompson, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolChandler Thompson, DMA, MS, CCC-SLPSpeech-Language Pathologist/Voice Specialist, Department of OtorhinolaryngologyMayo ClinicLinda Thompson, MDCook Children's HospitalFort Worth, TexasCarey C Thomson, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolKevin Thornton, MDClinical ProfessorUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineKaren J Tietze, PharmDProfessor of Clinical PharmacyPhiladelphia College of PharmacySaint Joseph's UniversityRobert D Timmerman, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternAaron Tobian, MD, PhDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineProfessor of Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology Director, Transfusion Medicine DivisionSchool of Medicine Bloomberg School of Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniversityRaymond R Townsend, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaAvram Z Traum, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAnne S Tsao, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterElaine I Tuomanen, MDChair, Infectious DiseasesSt Jude Children's Research HospitalTroy Tuttle, MSExercise PhysiologistUniversity of Texas Medical School at HoustonJesus G Vallejo, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEric Vallières, MD, FRCSCSection Editor — Lung CancerSurgical Director of the Lung Cancer ProgramSwedish Cancer InstituteJohn Varga, MDFrederick G Huetwell ProfessorChief of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganJoseph Varon, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FRSMProfessor of Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonClinical Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical BranchMonica S Vavilala, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSara R Vazquez, PharmD, BCPS, CACPClinical PharmacistUniversity of Utah HealthSanthi Swaroop Vege, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicLarissa I Velez, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJohn Vella, MD, FACP, FRCP, FASN, FASTSection Editor — Kidney TransplantationAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJames Verbsky, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics and Microbiology/ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinSebastien Viatte, MD, PhDLecturer in GeneticsCentre for Genetics and Genomics Versus ArthritisThe University of Manchester, UKR Kasi Visweswaran, MD, DM, FRCP (Edin)Consultant in NephrologyAnanthapuri Hospital and Research InstituteEverett E Vokes, MDJohn E. Ultmann ProfessorChairman, Department of MedicinePhysician-in-Chief, University of Chicago Medicine and Biologic SciencesC Fordham von Reyn, MDSection Editor — Tuberculosis; Nontuberculous Mycobacterial InfectionsProfessor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHarish Vyas, DM, FRCP, FRCPCHProfessor in Paediatric Intensive Care and Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, EnglandHeather Wakelee, MDProfessor of MedicineStanford Cancer InstituteAllan Walkey, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineThe Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of MedicineAnne M Walling, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, Los AngelesMark Waltzman, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEdward M Weaver, MD, MPHProfessor and Chief of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of WashingtonCo-Director, UW Medicine Sleep CenterTerri E Weaver, PhD, RN, FAAN, ATSFProfessor Emerita of Biobehavioral Nursing ScienceDean EmeritaCollege of NursingUniversity of Illinois ChicagoProfessor Emerita School of NursingUniversity of PennsylvaniaKathryn W Weibrecht, MDEmergency Medicine PhysicianMorton HospitalAaron S Weinberg, MD, MPhilNational Director of Program Development & Clinical Research at Carbon Health Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterMiles Weinberger, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of IowaSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMelvin P Weinstein, MDEmeritus Professor of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolScott L Weiss, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and PediatricsThe Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of PennsylvaniaScott T Weiss, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPeter F Weller, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Tropical MedicineWilliam Bosworth Castle Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthMatthew Wemple, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSally Wenzel, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghHoward (Jack) West, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerAssociate Clinical ProfessorCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarte, CATimothy Whelan, MDProfessor - Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaDouglas B White, MD, MASVice Chair and Professor of Critical Care Medicine; Director, Program on Ethics and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMichael Wiederkehr, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Internal MedicineTexas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, DallasAngus Wilfong, MDChief of NeurologyBarrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's HospitalProfessor, Child Health and Neurology, University of Arizona - PhoenixEric A Williams, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJohn W Winkelman, MD, PhDChief, Sleep Disorders Clinical Research ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolLisa Wolfe, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineGordon J Wood, MD, MSCI, FAAPHMAssociate Professor of Medicine and Medical EducationSection of Palliative Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineCharles R Woods, MD, MSChair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee College of Medicine – ChattanoogaGeorge A Woodward, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJohn V Wylie, MD, FACCAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University of MedicineKazuhiro Yasuf*cku, MD, PhDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoDonald M Yealy, MD, FACEPProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineUniversity of PittsburghBrendon Yee, MBChB, PhDProfessor, University of SydneyRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, Woolco*ck Institute of ResearchG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaLisa R Young, MDProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaMichael P Young, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Nevada at Reno School of MedicineAlan S L Yu, MB, BChirHarry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterTheodore H Yuo, MD, MScAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineAimee Zaas, MD, MHSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterKimon C Zachary, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKen Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWMClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical CenterFormer Emergency Programs Medical Director, State of AlaskaRochelle Zak, MDAssociate PhysicianUCSF Sleep Disorders CenterMartin Zamora, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDana Zappetti, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineCarolyn M Zelop, MDClinical Professor of Ob/GynNew York University School of MedicinePeter J Zimetbaum, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPeer ReviewersGhazwan Acash, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineTufts Medical SchoolVivek N Ahya, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineBruce S Bochner, MDEditor-in-Chief — Allergy and ImmunologySection Editor — Adult Allergy; AsthmaSamuel M Feinberg Professor of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineKristin M Burkart, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineColumbia UniversityTara F Carr, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor, Medicine and OtolaryngologyDepartment of Medicine, University of ArizonaColleen Channick, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAAileen Betty Chen, MD, MPPAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterCarlyne D Cool, MDClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineAffiliate, National Jewish HealthMaria M Crespo, MD, FCCPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul F Dellaripa, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolChristopher H Fanta, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKevin R Flaherty, MD, MSSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health SystemKwun M Fong, MBBS(Lon), FRACP, PhDProfessor, School of Medicine The University of QueenslandAndrew J Goodwin, MD, MSCRAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of South CarolinaNishant Gupta, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveAssociate Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiMeiLan King Han, MD, MSSection Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPDProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterKaren Hardinger, PharmD, BCPSClinical ProfessorUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityDaren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MScProfessor of MedicineQueen's University, Ontario, CanadaPeter Hopkins, MBBS, FRACPAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Queensland, School of MedicineMike (JMB) Hughes, BM, BCh, MA, DM, FRCPHonorary Professorial Research Fellow, National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College, London,Shaheen Islam, MD, MPH, FCCPDivision Director, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineAugusta University, Medical College of GeorgiaNicholas J Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMarc A Judson, MDChief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Albany Medical CollegeDavid A Kaminsky, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical CareUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineFayez Kheir, MD, MScAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMarin H Kollef, MDProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineRobert M Kotloff, MDSection Editor — Lung TransplantationProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineCarla Lamb, MD, FACP, FCCPDirector of Interventional PulmonologyLahey ClinicLorriana Leard, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco*kaiser G Lim, MD, FACCP, FAAAAIAssociate ProfessorMayo Clinic College of MedicineAdnan Majid, MD, FCCPAssociate Professor of Medicine and SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolFabien Maldonado, MD, MScSection Editor — Pleural DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Thoracic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineFernando J Martinez, MD, MSBruce Webster Professor of MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeStephen A Mette, MDChief Clinical OfficerUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesMark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorPulmonary Sciences and Critical CareAssociate Chief Medical Officer, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineSeptimiu Murgu, MDProfessorUniversity of ChicagoGeorge T O'Connor, MDProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineJ Tod Olin, MD, MSCSAssociate Professor and Director, Pediatric Exercise Tolerance CenterDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology National Jewish HealthKarin Pacheco, MD, MSPHAssociate ProfessorDivision of Environmental & Occupational Health SciencesNational Jewish HealthMaria L Padilla, MDProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDemosthenes Papamatheakis, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUC San Diego Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care MedicineJohn E Parker, MDProfessor of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine & RadiologyWest Virginia UniversityTaine Pechet, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaMichael W Peterson, MDEndowed Professor and Chief of MedicineUCSF-FresnoChristine C Reardon, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineKari E Roberts, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care MedicineTufts Medical CenterLynn M Schnapp, MDGeorge R And Elaine Love ProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public HealthJanet Shapiro, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineColumbia UniversityJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityWes Shepherd, MD, FCCPProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemLianne G Singer, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoUlrich Specks, MDProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic RochesterVirginia Steen, MDProfessor of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterJohn W Stokes, MDThoracic Surgery ResidentVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Thoracic SurgeryCharlie Strange, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaHenry D Tazelaar, MDConsultantMayo Clinic ArizonaGeraldine Colby Zeiler Professor of CytopathologyMayo Clinic Alix College of MedicineAndrew G Villanueva, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineScott T Weiss, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIan Yang, MDProfessor, Faculty of Medicine, The University of QueenslandThoracic physician, The Prince Charles Hospital

CloseAuthors and Editors in Family Medicine and General PracticeAuthors and Editors in Family Medicine and General PracticeEditors-in-ChiefCarlos R Jaén, MD, PhDEditor-in-Chief — Family Medicine and General PracticeHoly Distinguished Chair, Patient-Centered-Medical HomeProfessor and Chair of Family and Community MedicineLong School of Medicine, UT Health San AntonioE Robert Schwartz, MDEditor-in-Chief — Family Medicine and General PracticeProfessor and ChairDepartment of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineJeff L Susman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Family Medicine and General PracticeDean, College of MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityDeputy EditorsJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Editorial AssistantsAva Garcia, BAContent EditorAuthorsSumaira Z Aasi, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineOssama Abbas, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterEddie K Abdalla, MD, FACSMedical Director, Liver and Pancreas ProgramNorthside Hospital Cancer InstituteSalahadin Abdi, MD, PhDProfessor [Tenured] and Chair, Department of Pain MedicineHelen Buchanan & Stanley Joseph Seeger Endowed Research ProfessorThe University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterJudith A Aberg, MDChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesGeorge Baehr Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDavid M Aboulafia, MDSection Editor — AIDS-Related MalignanciesSection HeadDivision of Hematology and OncologyVirginia Mason Medical CenterClinical ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonLoutfi Sami Aboussouan, MDStaffCleveland Clinic FoundationDiane Abraczinskas, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolVikki M Abrahams, PhDProfessor, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesDirector, Division of Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineBenjamin Abramoff, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJacques S Abramowicz, MD, FACOG, FAIUMProfessor and Director, Ultrasound ServicesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ChicagoJonathan Abramowitz, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCharles S Abrams, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineElaine J Abrams, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyColumbia UniversitySteven A Abrams, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Department of PediatricsDell Medical School at the University of Texas at AustinMauricio S Abrao, MDAssociate Professor & Director of Endometriosis DivisionObstetrics & Gynecology DepartmentSao Paulo University, BrazilKathryn E Ackerman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Ackerman, MD, PhDWindland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research ProfessorProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and PharmacologyDirector of the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics LaboratoryMayo ClinicDenise M Adams, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaJudith M Adams, DMUStaff, Reproductive Endocrine UnitMassachusetts General HospitalLisa V Adams, MDAssociate ProfessorGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthM Jacob Adams, MD, MPHAssociate Professor (retired)University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistrySandra G Adams, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care MedicineAmanda Adeleye, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of ChicagoYehuda Adler, MDProfessor of CardiologyCardiac Rehabilitation InstituteTel Aviv University, IsraelN Scott Adzick, MDC. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaNezam H Afdhal, MD, FRCPIChief of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterNarasimhan Agaram, MDAssociate Attending Pathologist, Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterKathryn Agarwal, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineRajiv Agarwal, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineOma N Agbai, MDAssociate Clinical ProfessorDirector of Multicultural Dermatology and Hair DisordersUniversity of California, DavisRohit Aggarwal, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of PittsburghRabia Agha, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDewesh Agrawal, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's National Medical CenterMarc Agronin, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineCrystal Aguh, MDAssistant ProfessorJohns Hopkins School of MedicineAmy M Ahasic, MD, MPH, FCCP, ATSFChief, Section of Pulmonary and Critical CareNorwalk Hospital, Western Connecticut Health NetworkBaseer Ahmad, MDDepartment of OphthalmologyMedical College of WisconsinAzeemuddin Ahmed, MD, MBAClinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineEbtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MSClinical Professor, St. John's University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative CareNabil M Ahmed, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEdward S Ahn, MDProfessor of Neurologic Surgery and PediatricsMayo ClinicJennifer T Ahn, MD, FACOGNortheastern Ohio Medical UniversityWei Ai, MD, PhDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoJennifer Aites, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSenda Ajroud-Driss, MDInstructor in NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityCem Akin, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine University of MichiganEsen K Akpek, MDThe Bendann Family Professor of Ophthalmology and RheumatologyDirector, Ocular Surface Disease and Dry Eye ClinicJana Al Hashash, MD, MSc, FACGAssociate Professor of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Mayo ClinicAnn Marie Albano, PhD, ABPPProfessor of Medical Psychology (in Psychiatry)Columbia UniversityManuela Albisetti, MDDivision of HematologyUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich, SwitzerlandMary A Albrecht, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlfred Aleguas, Jr, BS Pharm, PharmD, DABAT, FAACTAssistant Professor of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical ResearchUniversity of South FloridaAssistant Clinical Professor of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaAntoin Alexander, MDDavid Grant Medical CenterTravis Air Force Base, CaliforniaFamily Medicine Residency ProgramMark E Alexander, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolMichael Alexander, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolThomas Alexander, MDHead, KMCH Heart Institute, Kovai Medical Center and HospitalIrene Alexandraki, MD, MPHSGIM Peer ReviewerSenior Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine - PhoenixMacrene Alexiades, MD, PhDAssociate Clinical ProfessorYale University School of MedicineAndrew F Alexis, MD, MPHSection Editor — Skin of ColorProfessorWeill Cornell MedicineHaya M Al-Fozan, MDAssociate Professor, Infertility and Reproductive EndocrinologyKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesPatrick C Alguire, MD, FACPSenior Vice President Emeritus for Medical EducationAmerican College of PhysiciansZahraa Al-Hilli, MD, FACS, FRCSIClinical Assistant Professor of SurgeryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityAmmar Saadoon Alishlash, MD, FAAPDivision of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at BirminghamCatherine K Allan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCoburn H Allen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Dell Medical SchoolJoseph Y Allen, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineLarry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSAProfessor of MedicineMedical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and TransplantationUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineRebecca H Allen, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of OB/GYN and Medical Science Section of Medical EducationWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityShawn Allen, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of ColoradoDirector, Dermatology Specialists of Boulder, PC Boulder, COBan M Allos, MDAssistant ProfessorVanderbilt University School of MedicinePino Alonso, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of BarcelonaEric Alper, MDProfessor of MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolJoseph S Alpert, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences CenterJonia Alshiek, MD, MScResearch scholar, Urogynecology subspecialistINOVA Health SystemJohn Alsobrook, MDCommunity Health & Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaHarrison Alter, MD, MS, FACEPAttending PhysicianHighland Hospital – Alameda Health System, Oakland, CaliforniaClinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoCarolyn A Altman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEvan Alvarez, MAResearch Project CoordinatorColumbia University, New York State Psychiatric InstituteAnthony A Amato, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMilan Amin, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineRaouf Samy Amin, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiSepideh Amin-Hanjani, MDClinical Professor of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineAllon Amitai, MDAttending PhysicianKahuku Medical CenterIris Amitay-Laish, MDLecturer, Department of DermatologyRabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelMallika Anand, MD, MSInstructor, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School.Cande V Ananth, PhD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair for Academic AffairsChief, Division of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NJBradley D Anawalt, MDChief of Medicine, University of Washington Medical CenterProfessor and Vice Chair of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonRaymond M Anchan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarey K Anders, MDMedical DirectorBrain and Spine Metastases ProgramDuke Cancer InstituteDuke UniversityChristopher D Anderson, MD, FACSJames D. Hardy Professor and Chair, Department of SurgeryChief, Transplant and Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterDeverick J Anderson, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterKarl E Anderson, MD, FACPProfessorThe University of Texas Medical BranchDanielle M Andrade, MD, MSc, FRCPC.Professor of NeurologyDirector, Epilepsy Genetics ProgramUniversity of TorontoDoerthe A Andreae, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of UtahChristopher M Andreoli, MDClinical Instructor in OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolJason Andrews, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineInfectious DiseasesStanford MedicineMark P Androes, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineEmanuele Angelucci, MDHead, Hematology and Transplant UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, GenovaGrant J Anhalt, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineStephen M Ansell, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyMayo ClinicPeter Antevy, MDPediatric Emergency DepartmentJoe DiMaggio Children's HospitalPatrick J Antonelli, MDGeorge T. Singleton Professor & Chief, Division of Otology University of FloridaValeria Aoki, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolHugo J Aparicio, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineMichael Apicella, MDEmeritus Professor of Microbiology and Internal MedicineThe University of IowaCaroline Apovian, MDMember of the Faculty, Harvard Medical SchoolCo-Director, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's HospitalGerald B Appel, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsLawrence J Appel, MD, MPHC. David Molina Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBrian S Appleby, MDDirector, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterAndrea J Apter, MD, MSc, MAProfessor of MedicineSection of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDonna L Arand, PhDResearch Associate ProfessorWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineSary Aranki, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBhooma Aravamuthan, MD, DPhilAssistant Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSteven M Archer, MDProfessorUniversity of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesKatherine W Arendt, MDProfessor of AnesthesiologyMayo ClinicGiuseppe Argenziano, MDFull ProfessorDermatology UnitUniversity of CampaniaAydin Arici, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineCarrie Armsby, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineApril W Armstrong, MD, MPHAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaCheryl A Armstrong, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDavid G Armstrong, DPM, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery and DirectorSouthwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA)Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaDeborah K Armstrong, MDProfessor of OncologyProfessor of Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer CenterKenneth A Arndt, MDAdjunct Professor of DermatologyBrown UniversityJ Todd Arnedt, PhDProfessor, Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMichigan Medicine, University of MichiganAnne M Arnhym, CPNPCertified Pediatric Nurse PractitionerUCSF Pediatric UrologyAndrew Arnold, MDMurray-Heilig Professor of Molecular MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutDonald M Arnold, MD, MScAssociate Professor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityCanadian Blood ServicesStephanie J Arnold, FACD, MBBS (Hons), BSc (Hons)Consultant DermatologistChurchill Hospital Department of Dermatology, OxfordJulian M Aroesty, MDClinical Associate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSanjeev Arora, MD, MACP, FACGDistinguished Professor of MedicineDirector, Project EchoUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineVineet Arora, MD, MAPPProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoAntonio C Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDSDivision Chief, Infectious Diseases at Children's Hospital of Orange CountyClinical Professor, University of California Irvine Department of PediatricsAdelaide M Arruda-Olson, MD, PhD, FASE, FAHA, FAMIAAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRaul Artal, MD, FACOG, FACSMProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's HealthSaint Louis UniversityRiccardo Asero, MDFreelance doctorHead Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), ItalyProfessore a ContrattoAllergologia e Immunologia Clinica, University of MilanMaryam Asgari, MD, MPHProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolShai Ashkenazi, MD, MScProfessor of PediatricsAdelson School of Medicine, Ariel UniversityStanley W Ashley, MDSection Editor — Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalFrank Sawyer Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRitu Asija, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford UniversityAndrew W Asimos, MDAdjunct Associate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineReza Askari, MD, FACSInstructor in SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Trauma DirectorBrigham and Women’s HospitalJ. Wells Askew, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineChad A Asplund, MD, MPH, FAMSSMSection Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related InjuriesAssociate Professor, Family Medicine and OrthopedicsMayo Clinic, Sports MedicineMinneapolis, MNSawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyCo-Director, GynecologyDirector, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery and FellowshipDirector, Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Consultative ClinicUniversity of MichiganJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolShireen Atabaki, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Medical Director, TelemedicineProfessor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Children's National HospitalEhab Atallah, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyMedical College of Wisconsin and Froedtert HospitalUma H Athale, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityMichael B Atkins, MDSection Editor — Malignant Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Neoplasms; Cancer of the KidneyDeputy DirectorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohn P Atkinson, MDSamuel B Grant Professor of MedicineProfessor of Molecular MicrobiologyDivision of RheumatologyWashington University School of MedicineThomas Prescott Atkinson, MD, PhDProfessor, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamEvelyn Attia, MDProfessor of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterJohn Attia, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FRACPProfessor of General Medicine and Clinical EpidemiologyUniversity of NewcastleRichard J Auchus, MD, PhDProfessor of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and DiabetesUniversity of MichiganMarc Auerbach, MD, FAAP, MScProfessor of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine) and of Emergency MedicineYale School of MedicineMichael Auerbach, MD, FACPSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveClinical Professor of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicineR Robert Auger, MD, FAASM, FAPA, DABPNAssociate Professor of Medicine and PsychiatryMayo Clinic College of MedicinePhyllis August, MD, MPHRalph A Baer, MD Professor of Research in MedicineDirector, Hypertension CenterDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionWeill Cornell Medical CollegeErika F Augustine, MD, MSAssociate Chief Science OfficerKennedy Krieger InstituteMarilyn Augustyn, MDSection Editor — Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsAssociate ProfessorBoston University School of MedicinePaul G Auwaerter, MD, MBA, FIDSASherrilyn and Ken Fisher Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDavid Avery, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineOrit Avni-Barron, MDInstructor in PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolEric Awtry, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineDavid M Axelrod, MDClinical Professor of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Stanford University School of MedicineDavid Axelson, MDProfessor of PsychiatryThe Ohio State University College of MedicineJohn S Axford, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHSection Editor — SclerodermaEmeritus Professor of RheumatologySt George's University of LondonEhsan Azadani, DDS, MSAssistant Professor The Ohio State University |Nationwide Children's HospitalRabih R Azar, MD, MPH, FACCProfessor of MedicineSt. Joseph University School of MedicineRicardo Azziz, MD, MBA, MPHResearch Professor, Dept Health Policy, Management, and BehaviorSchool of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNYProfessor, Dept of Ob/GynUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamDusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, MDProfessor in Medical Genetics and PediatricsMayo College of MedicineKavita M Babu, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolSteven J Baccei, MDAssociate Professor, Musculoskeletal Imaging and InterventionVice-Chair of Radiology Quality, Patient Safety, and Process ImprovementSection Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention Associate Chief Medical Officer, UMass Memorial Medical CenterDepartment of Radiology UMass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEmile Bacha, MD, FACSCalvin F. Barber Professor of SurgeryColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsMichael C Bachman, MD, MBADepartment of Pediatric Emergency MedicineSunrise Children's HospitalGloria Bachmann, MD, MMSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRichard G Bachur, MDSection Editor — Pediatric TraumaProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlos A Bacino, MD, FACMGProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineSudie E Back, PhDProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaPhilippe Backeljauw, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Center for Growth DisordersCincinnati Center for Pediatric & Adult Turner Syndrome CareCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterFloor J Backes, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University College of MedicineBruce R Bacon, MDEmeritus Professor of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRaffaele Badolato, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of BresciaSunil V Badve, MD, PhDConjoint Professor of MedicineThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaAlan N Baer, MD, MACRProfessor of MedicineDirector, Jerome L. Greene Sjögren's Syndrome CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRebecca N Baergen, MDProfessor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityTravis P Baggett, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolArmita Bahrami, MDProfessorDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineJasmohan S Bajaj, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical CenterLalit Bajaj, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoCarol J Baker, MDProfessor of Pediatrics,McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonJoshua F Baker, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Rheumatology and EpidemiologyCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaRobert D Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkSteven K Baker, MSc, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine Neuromuscular Disease ClinicFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversitySusan S Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkJohan S Bakken, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, School of MedicineUniversity of Minnesota, DuluthJamie N Bakkum-Gamez, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaGeorge L Bakris, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of MedicineThe University of ChicagoMeena Balasubramanian, MBBS, DCH, FRCPCH, MDSenior Clinical Lecturer, Musculoskeletal GeneticsDepartment of Oncology & Metabolism, University of SheffieldConsultant Clinical GeneticistSheffield Clinical Genetics ServiceLead Consultant, OI-Genetics Service, Highly Specialised Severe, Complex & Atypical OI Service Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation TrustRavikumar Balasubramanian, MBBS, PhD, MRCP(UK)Assistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSowmya Balasubramanian, MD, MScAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganAshok Balasubramanyam, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology & MetabolismBaylor College of MedicineLaura J Balcer, MD, MSCEProfessor of Neurology, Population Health and OphthalmologyVice Chair, Department of Neurology NYU Langone Medical CenterElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarie R Baldisseri, MD, FCCMProfessor of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRobert Baldor, MDProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolDavid Baldwin, MA, DM FRCPsychProfessor of Psychiatry and Section Head, Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Southampton Faculty of MedicineEthan Balk, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorBrown University School of Public HealthRonald C Balkissoon, MDPulmonary Consultant, Department of MedicineNational Jewish HealthKimberly Ballard Matlock, MDCook Children's Health Care SystemFort Worth, TexasZuhair K Ballas, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa and Iowa City VAMark Ballow, MDProfessor of PediatricsAll Children's HospitalUniversity of South Florida School of MedicineNicolas Bamat, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaAleena Banerji, MDAssociate ProfessorTraining Program DirectorMassachusetts General HospitalChantay Banikarim, MD, MPHDirector of Adolescent MedicineSt. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, PhoenixAmy Banks, MDFounding MemberThe International Center for Growth in ConnectionBenjamin Barankin, MD, FRCPCDermatologist, Medical Director Toronto Dermatology Centre, Toronto, CanadaMatthew D Barber, MD, MHSChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke University Medical CenterRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander F Barbuto, MDClinical Faculty, Emergency MedicineCarl R. Darnall Army Medical CenterWilma Barcellini, MDSection Editor — Red cell disordersProfessor of HematologyOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, ItalyAditya Bardia, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolWanda D Barfield, MD, MPH, FAAPDirectorDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionElizabeth Barkoudah, MDCo-Director Cerebral Palsy ProgramAssistant in Neurology; Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolKathleen C Barnes, PhDDirector, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine; Head, Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine DivisionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicinePeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonA Karl Barnett, MDAttending PhysicianAthens Regional Medical CenterSheila Barnett, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolRaymond L Barnhill, MDProfessor of PathologyDepartment of Translational Research, Institut CurieFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ParisDavid Baron, MSEd, DO, DFAPAProvost and Senior Vice PresidentWestern University of Health Sciences Emeritus Professor, Keck University of USCElma D Baron, MDProfessor of DermatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityFrederick E Barr, MD, MBAExecutive Vice PresidentChief Clinical and Academic OfficerArkansas Children's HospitalUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesNora A Barrett, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGlen W Barrisford, MD, MS, MPH, FACSDirector of Urologic OncologyKaiser PermanenteSanta Rosa Medical CenterLuis F Barroso, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineWake Forest University, Baptist Medical CenterWilliam J Barson, MDProfessor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineVanessa A Barss, MD, FACOGSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthAssociate Clinical Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLuther A Bartelt, MDAssistant ProfessorThe University of North Carolina School of MedicineWilliam H Barth, Jr, MDVice Chair, Obstetrics (Chief of Obstetrics)Massachusetts General HospitalCharles & Robert Montraville Green Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJason JS Barton, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Canada Research ChairMedicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology, and Visual SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaDeborah A Bartz, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalAhmet Alexander Baschat, MDProfessor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyMargaret C Bash, MD, MPHLaboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides OVRR, CBER US Food and Drug AdministrationJan Basile, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRalph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalMarc Baskin, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician in MedicineDivision of Emergency MedicineBoston Children's HospitalRebecca Bassett, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineLori A Bastian, MD, MPHSection ChiefGeneral Internal MedicineVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemYale UniversityTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarol K Bates, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKristine E BatesPatient Perspective Author – Chronic urticariaPriya Batra, MDAttending physicianMt. Sinai HospitalBeau Batton, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of NeonatologySouthern Illinois School of MedicineJohann Bauer, MDProfessor and Chair of Dermatology and VenereologyParacelsus Medical University SalzburgKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarl R Baum, MD, FAAP, FACMTProfessor of Pediatrics and of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineChristian L Baum, MDAssistant Professor, Department of DermatologyMayo ClinicStephen G Baum, MDDistinguished Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, & ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineJeroen J Bax, MD, PhDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of CardiologyLeiden University Medical Center, The NetherlandsMarie H Beall, MDLos Angeles Perinatal AssociatesKirsten Bechtel, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineCarolyn B Becker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolTheresa Becker, DOAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director, Pediatric Programs Lahey BeverlyExecutive Network DirectorDivision of Emergency MedicineWilliam C Becker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineYale School of MedicinePaula H Bednarek, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health & Science UniversityRichard H Beigi, MD, MScProfessor of Reproductive SciencesUPMC Magee Womens HospitalMichael A Belfort, MBBCH, MD, PhD, D.A. (SA), FRCSC, FRCOG, FACOGErnst W. Bertner Chairman and ProfessorFB McGuyer Family Endowed Chair in Fetal SurgeryDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyProfessorDepartment of SurgeryDepartment of AnesthesiologyDepartment of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefTexas Children's HospitalMedical DirectorTexas Children's Fetal CenterTexas Children's Pavilion for WomenRodney D Bell, MDProfessor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeShannon Bell, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineAnthony J Bella, MD, FRCSCAssistant Professor of Urology and Associate Scientist, NeuroscienceEndowed Chair in Men's Health ResearchGreta and John Hansen Chair in Men's Health ResearchUniversity of OttawaJennifer R Bellon, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolFederica Bellussi, MD, PhDResearch Fellow, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineThomas Jefferson University, PhiladelphiaVictoria Belogolovkin, MDObstetrix Medical GroupRon Beloosesky, MDAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentRambam Medical Center at the Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, IsraelJohn F Beltrame, BSc, BMBS, FRACP, PhD, FESC, FACC, FCSANZMichell Professor of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Discipline of MedicineThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital Campuss*lim R Benbadis, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of South FloridaEldad Ben-Chetrit, MDProfessor of MedicineHadassah-Hebrew University Medical SchoolDonna Bender, PhDDirector of Strategic Initiatives, Computer Science and Engineering, University of MichiganFaculty, New Orleans-Birmingham Psychoanalytic CenterKristin Bendikson, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, USC FertilityUSC Keck School of MedicineDavid Benditt, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector, Cardiac Arrhythmia CenterUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolDavid Benedek, MDProfessor and ChairUniformed Services University School of MedicineLatanya T Benjamin, MDAssociate ProfessorFlorida Atlantic UniversityBerkeley L Bennett, MD, MSCo-Medical Director for the Clinical Pathways ProgramDirector, Emergency Medicine Performance ImprovementAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityNationwide Children’s HospitalNoleen Bennett, PhD, MPHAssociate ProfessorInfection Control ConsultantVICNISS Coordinating Centre/National Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipPeter Doherty Institute for Infections and ImmunityMelbourne School of Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneShannon Bennett, PhDAssistant Professor of Psychology in PsychiatryWeill Cornell Medical CollegePaul AS Benson, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsOU-Tulsa School of Community MedicineEdward J Benz, Jr, MDRichard and Susan Smith Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLionel Bercovitch, MDDirector of Pediatric DermatologyHasbro Children's Hospital and Brown DermatologyProfessor of DermatologyWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJonathan S Berek, MD, MMSLaurie Kraus Lacob ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineFellow, Stanford Distinguished Careers InstituteDirector, Stanford Women's Cancer CenterSenior Advisor, Stanford Cancer InstitutePamela Berens, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas, HoustonJames R Berenson, MDMedical and Scientific DirectorInstitute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer ResearchSigbjørn Berentsen, MD, PhDConsultant HematologistDepartment of Research and InnovationHaugesund HospitalStuart Berger, MDExecutive Director, Pediatric Heart Center at Lurie Children's HospitalVice Chair, Clinical Affairs Pediatrics at Lurie Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Northwestern UniversityTimothy G Berger, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoWilma Bergfeld, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyCleveland ClinicClinical Associate Professor of DermatologyLerner Medical School and Case Western Reserve Medical SchoolEric Bergh, MDAssistant Professor, Departments of Obstetrics & GynecologyThe Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann HospitalThe University of Texas McGovern Medical School at HoustonJonas Bergh, MD, PhD, FRCP (London UK)Professor of Oncology (Mimi Althainz' donation)Karolinska Institutet and University HospitalCancer Center KarolinskaStockholm, SwedenVincenzo Berghella, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsDirector, Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson UniversityEmily Bergsland, MDProfessor of Medicine University of California San FranciscoSten-Erik Bergström, MDDoctor of MedicineChildren's Hospital Astrid LindgrenKarolinska University Hospital, StockholmDavid J Berkoff, MD, FAAEM, CAQSMVice Chair of Clinical OperationsProfessor of Orthopedics and Emergency MedicineAdjunct Professor, Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillLori R Berkowitz, MD, MBAAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRoss S Berkowitz, MDWilliam H. Baker Professor of GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterNicola Berlanda, MDAdjunct ProfessorObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyNancy Berliner, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolH Franklin Bunn Professor of Hematology and Chief, Division of Hematology Brigham and Women's HospitalDan Berlowitz, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Massachusetts-Lowell Department of Public HealthBrian Berman, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus, Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineBonnie L Bermas, MDProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterJeffrey S Berns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDavid I Bernstein, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineIra M Bernstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineJesse L Berry, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Clinical ScholarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaSarah Berry, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDiane Berson, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCharles I Berul, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of PediatricsGeorge Washington UniversityLauren A Beslow, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDaniel Bessesen, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineThomas M Best, MD, PhD, FACSMProfessor, U of Miami Miller School of MedicineJoseph R Betancourt, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony Beutler, MDAssociate Medical Director and Program Director, Sports MedicineIntermountain Healthcare, Provo, UTProfessor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University, Bethesda, MDLouis I Bezold, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineSalman Bhai, MDDirectorNeuromuscular CenterInstitute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterAsha B Bhalwal, MD, FACOG, MRCOGAssistant ProfessorFellowship Co-Director, Advanced Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesMcGovern Medical School at UTHealthNeal Bhatia, MDDirector of Clinical DermatologyTherapeutics Clinical ResearchMihir D Bhatt, MD, FRCPCAssistant Clinical Professor, Pediatric Hematology and OncologyMcMaster UniversityNeil Bhattacharyya, MD, FACSProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyMassachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolVinod K Bhutani, MD, FAAPProfessor, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineAngela Bianco, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterDaniel G Bichet, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and PhysiologyUniversite de MontrealJaclyn A Biegel, PhDProfessor of PathologyUSC Keck School of MedicineDon C Bienfang, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie G Biesecker, MDFellow, American Academy of Pediatrics Fellow, American College of Medical Genetics and GenomicsDistinguished Investigator, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH)Mark Bilsky, MDAttending Neurologic SurgeonMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor Neurologic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityGil Binenbaum, MD, MSCEChief of OphthalmologyMable Leslie Chair of OphthalmologyChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaIngrid Binswanger, MD, MSSenior Investigator, Kaiser Permanente ColoradoAssociate Professor, University of Colorado School of MedicineValérie Biousse, MDReunette Harris Professor of OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAndreas J Bircher, MDProfessor Emeritus of AllergologyUniversity Hospital, Basel, SwitzerlandUniversity of Lugano, Lugano, SwitzerlandShawn J Bird, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineBoris Birmaher, MDEndowed Chair in Early Onset Bipolar Disease, Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineRobert J Birnbaum, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolFrank M Biro, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineMichael J Birrer, MD, PhDVice ChancellorDirector, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteDirector, Cancer Service LineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesJohn D Bisognano, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and CardiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterDonald W Black, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineStaff psychiatristIowa City Veterans HospitalJames H Black, III, MDChief of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyJohns Hopkins HospitalRobert D Blank, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinAndrew D Blaufox, MDProfessor of PediatricsZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellAndrew Blauvelt, MD, MBAPresidentOregon Medical Research CenterPhilip E Blazar, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolDeborah Blazey-Martin, MD, MPHGeneral Internal MedicineTufts Medical CenterRonald Bleday, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJack JH Bleesing, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterBenjamin S Bleier, MD, FACS, FARSAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolIra J Bleiweiss, MDProfessor of PathologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaSubspecialty Director, Breast PathologySection of Surgical PathologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaNikolas H Blevins, MDAssociate ProfessorStanford University Medical CenterAnthony Bleyer, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine/NephrologyWake Forest University School of MedicineDonald B Bloch, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Bloch, MD, FACP, FASH, FSVM, FNLAAssociate Professor, University of Nevada School of MedicineMedical Director, Vascular Care, Renown Regional Medical CenterJosh Bloom, MD, MPHClinical Instructor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJim G Blount, MD, CAQSMAdjunct Clinical Professor, Departments of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillAndreas Blum, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Dermatology - Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tuebingen, GermanyPaul D Blumenthal, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Family Planning Services and Research Stanford University Medical CenterSharon L Bober, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam V Bobo, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryMayo College of MedicineCecilia and Dan Carmichael Family Associate Director for the Center for Individualized Medicine in FloridaS Allan Bock, MDResearch Affiliate, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthClinical Professor Emeritus, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoOlaf A Bodamer, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACMGPark Gerald Chair in Genetics and GenomicsAssociate Chief, Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolR Paul Boesch, DO, MSAssociate Professor, Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineChair, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMayo Clinic Children's CenterBlake Reid Boggess, DO, FAAFPProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryDuke Sports Medicine Team PhysicianDuke University Medical CenterKim Bohjanen, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaGuy Boivin, MDProfessor of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine, Université LavalGeorgina Bojczuk, RD, CSPClinical DietitianOishei Children's Hospital of BuffaloJean L Bolognia, MDProfessor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineRobert Bona, MDProfessor of Medicine (Hematology)Yale University School of MedicineAlexandro Bonifaz, MDProfessor and Senior ResearcherHospital General de MéxicoLiza Bonin, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicinePeter A L Bonis, MDChief Medical Officer of Clinical Effectiveness (UpToDate, Clinical Drug Information, and Emmi Solutions)Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAdjunct Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJoshua L Bonkowsky, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief, Division of Pediatric NeurologyPrimary Children's Hospital, University of UtahMichael H Bonnet, PhDProfessor, Department of NeurologyWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineDaniel J Bonthius, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyWake Forest University School of MedicineJulie A Boom, MDProfessorBaylor College of MedicineLaurence M Boon, MD, PhDCoordinator of the Center for Vascular MalformationsDivision of Plastic SurgeryCliniques Universitaires St Luc, Catholic University of LouvainStephen C Boos, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School—BaystateSuresh B Boppana, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MicrobiologyUniversity of Alabama School of MedicineDavid H Bor, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBryan Bordeaux, DO, MPHClinical Instructor in Ambulatory Care and PreventionHarvard Medical SchoolLiliana Bordeianou, MD, MPHProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph G Borer, MD, FAAP, FACSAssociate Professor in Surgery (Urology)Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Bladder Exstrophy ProgramBoston Children's HospitalDirector of Neurourology and UrodynamicsBoston Children's HospitalJoelle C Borhart, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineGeorgetown UniversityKonrad Bork, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center Mainz, GermanyBarry A Borlaug, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineSusan E Boruchoff, MDProfessor of MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolMile Bosilkovski, MDClinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile ConditionsProfessor of Infectious DiseasesMedical Faculty, Skopje, Republic of North MacedoniaJoan Bothner, MDProfessor Emeritus, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineSylvia S Bottomley, MDProfessor of MedicineThe University of Oklahoma College of MedicineJudy C Boughey, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryW.H. Odell Professor in Individualized MedicineVice Chair of Research, Department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochester, MNAthos Bousvaros, MDProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKathy Boutis, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, MScSection Editor – Pediatric TraumaProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoKraig S Bower, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins UniversityDirector of Refractive Surgery, Wilmer Eye InstituteRobin M Bowman, MDAssociate Professor of Neurological SurgeryNorthwestern University's Feinberg School of MedicineAnn and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoJoshua A Boyce, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCynthia M Boyd, MD, MPHProfessor Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins Department of MedicineEdward W Boyer, MD, PhDProfessor with Tenure, Ohio State UniversityVisiting Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolJennifer Boyle, MDClinical Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolObstetrician-Gynecologist at Massachusetts General HospitalKaan Boztug, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaConsultant in Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and ImmunologySt. Anna Children's Hospital ViennaKari P Braaten, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKristin A Bradley, MDProfessorUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthLinda D Bradley, MDProfessorObstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineDeborah Y Bradshaw, MDResidency Program DirectorDepartment of NeurologyUpstate Medical UniversityKathleen Brady, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryMedical University of South CarolinaMichael T Brady, MDProfessor of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineJohn C Brancato, MD, FAAP, FACEPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineDivision Head, Emergency MedicineConnecticut Children's Medical CenterWilliam T Branch, Jr, MDCarter Smith Senior Professor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineMary L Brandt, MDProfessor of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of New OrleansMats Brännström, MD, PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Gothenburg, SwedenWilliam O Brant, MD, FACS, FECSMVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UTMelinda J Braskett, MDAssistant Professor, Clinical PediatricsDivision of Clinical Immunology and AllergyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesKeck School of Medicine at University of Southern CaliforniaD Craig Brater, MDEmeritus DeanIndiana University School of MedicinePresidentRegenstrief FoundationLynne T Braun, PhD, RN, CNPUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberProfessor of NursingRush University College of NursingGlenn D Braunstein, MDProfessor of Medicine Emeritus, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJames Bray, MDHead Team Physician, University of Texas AthleticsAffiliate Faculty in the Department of Population Health, Dell Medical SchoolTom Brazelton, MD, MPH, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthPaul W Brazis, MDSection Editor — NeuroophthalmologyProfessor of Neurology, Department of OphthalmologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJeffrey A Breall, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineElizabeth Breen, MDStaff Surgeon, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterNancy L Breisch, PhDResearch AffiliateUniversity of MarylandWilliam Breitbart, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityChairmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterHeimo Breiteneder, PhDProfessor of Medical BiotechnologyMedical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDaniel C Brennan, MD, FACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Kidney TransplantationProfessor of MedicineMedical Director and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyJohns Hopkins Medical SchoolFred H Brennan, Jr, DO, FAOASM, FAAFP, FACSM, FAMSSMAssociate Director, Turley Family Medicine Residency Program, Clearwater, FloridaAssistant Program Director, Turley/University of South Florida Sports Medicine Fellowship Associate Professor, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Family MedicineJoel S Brenner, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics, Sports MedicineEastern Virginia Medical SchoolDavid Brent, MDSection Editor — Childhood Mental DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and EpidemiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMarisa Brett-Fleegler, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJerry D Brewer, MD, MS, FAADProfessor of DermatologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineMolly Brewer, DVM, MD, MSProfessorChief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCarole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterSylvia Brice, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineBeth Brickner, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Division of CardiologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterHannah R Briemberg, MD, FRCPCClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaRobert E Bristow, MD, MBAChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California, Irvine - Medical CenterKnut Brockow, MDProfessor of MedicineTechnical University of Munich Medical SchoolBruce A Brod, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineRobert T Brodell, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of DermatologyProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterAnnemarie Broderick, MB, BCh, MMedSc, FRCPIAssociate Clinical ProfessorUniversity College DublinRobert A Brodsky, MDSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins UniversityMark B Bromberg, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyDepartment of Neurology, University of UtahBryann Bromley, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology (part time)Massachusetts General HospitalItzhak Brook, MD, MScAdjunct ProfessorGeorgetown University School of MedicineRobert D Brook, MDProfessor of MedicineWayne State UniversityDavid C Brooks, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolGabriel P Brooks, PT, DPT, SCS, MTCDirector of Program Development360 Physical TherapyPatrick D Brophy, MDProfessor and Head University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of PediatricsRobert T Brouillette, MDProfessor EmeritusMcGill University, MontrealCatherine M Brown, DVM, MSc, MPHState Epidemiologist and State Public Health VeterinarianMassachusetts Department of Public HealthDavid W Brown, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolFlorence M Brown, MDSenior Staff Physician Joslin Diabetes CenterCo-Director Joslin and Beth Israel Deaconess Diabetes in Pregnancy ProgramAssistant Professor Harvard Medical SchoolHaywood L Brown, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologySenior Associate Vice President Academic Affairs, USF Health, Vice Dean Faculty AffairsAssociate Dean, Diversity, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida, TampaHeidi Brown, MD, MASAssistant Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public HealthKathleen Brown, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineThe George Washington University School of MedicineCalvin A Brown, III, MD, FAAEMAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert S Brown, Jr, MD, MPHSection Editor — Liver TransplantationVincent Astor Distinguished Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeJean M Bruch, DMD, MDChief, OtolaryngologyDepartment of Veterans AffairsMedical CenterAnna L Bruckner, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, COEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonCarlo Brugnara, MDProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolGiovanna Brunasso, MDFirst Level Medical DirectorDepartment of DermatologyGalliera HospitalGeorge AW Bruyn, MD, PhDDepartment of RheumatologyMC Groep hospitals, Lelystad, the NetherlandsAllison Bryant, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolRichard Bryant, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesEdward P Buchanan, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Plastic SurgeryAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineRobert W Buchanan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineRachelle Buchbinder, MBBS, MSc, PhD, FRACPRheumatologist and Director, Monash Department of Clinical EpidemiologyCabrini HospitalProfessor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityNicholas A Buckley, MD, FRACPProfessor of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Sydney Medical SchoolClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalEric Bui, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Caen NormandyOscar Bukstein, MDProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolDorothy I Bulas, MDProfessor of Radiology and PediatricsChildren’s National HospitalThe George Washington University Medical CenterHenry B Burch, MDProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMarissa Burgermaster, PhD, MA, MAEdAssistant ProfessorNutritional Sciences and Population HealthUniversity of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical SchoolEmma MM Burkitt-Wright, FRCP, PhDConsultant Clinical GeneticistManchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreHonorary Clinical Senior LecturerUniversity of ManchesterRonald T Burkman, MDProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineBaystate Medical CenterSpringfield, MassachusettsWesley Burks, MDDeanUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineKenneth D Burman, MDChief, Endocrine SectionMedstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DCProfessor, Department of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterAllison E Burnett, PharmD, PhC, CACPAntithrombosis Stewardship PharmacistUniversity of New Mexico HospitalClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyArthur L Burnett, MD, MBA, FACSPatrick C. Walsh Distinguished Professor of Urology, Cellular and Molecular MedicineJohns Hopkins MedicineDavid L Burns, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichael J Burns, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrenda Bursch, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarold J Burstein, MD, PhDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNicholas BuSaba, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolMelissa Bush, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, IrvineStephanie S Buss, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJames B Bussel, MDEmeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric HematologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCristiano E Busso, MDInfertility SpecialistProjeto ALFA, BrazilSneha Butala, MDClinical Research Associate, Department of DermatologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineManish J Butte, MD, PhDProfessor and Division ChiefDivision of Immunology, Allergy, and RheumatologyDepartments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, Los AngelesNancy F Butte, PhDDistinguished Emeritus Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJill P Buyon, MDProfessor of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineAntonio C Buzaid, MDGeneral Medical Director, Centro Oncologico Antonio Ermirio de Moraes, Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, BrazilLauren A Byers, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPeter H Byers, MDProfessor Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyProfessor Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics)University of WashingtonSeattle, WAAlexander Bystritsky, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDirector, Anxiety Disorder Program and Targeted Brain Stimulation ProgramSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesDavid Cabral, MBBS, FRCPCClinical Professor of Pediatrics, Head, Division of Rheumatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaJohn S Cacciola, PhDAdjunct Professor of Psychology in PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaDerya Caglar, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/Seattle Children’s HospitalEnrico Cagliero, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlison G Cahill, MD, MSCIProfessor, Department of Women's HealthDirector, Dell Medical School Health Transformation Research InstituteKatherine N Cahill, MD, FAAAAIAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityMichael S Calderwood, MD, MPHChief Quality OfficerDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthBrian T Caldwell, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric UrologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoDiane P Calello, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineExecutive and Medical DirectorNew Jersey Poison Information and Education SystemNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesDarlene A Calhoun, DOProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineDivision Chief NeonatologyNemours Children's HospitalMatthew E Call, PhDHead of Laboratory, Structural Biology DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchDepartment of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneLisa R Callahan, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineCornell University Medical CollegeDavid J Callans, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJeffrey Callen, MD, FACP, FAADEditor-in-Chief — DermatologySection Editor — Skin and Systemic DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineValerie D Callender, MD, FAADProfessor of DermatologyHoward University College of MedicineKristina Callis Duffin, MDSection Editor — PsoriasisAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahClara Camaschella, MDFormer Professor of Internal MedicineVita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific InstituteE Cabrina Campbell, MDProfessor of PsychiatryVice Chair of Education, Director, Residency ProgramPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterJudith R Campbell, MDProfessor of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesBaylor College of MedicineRonna L Campbell, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineMayo ClinicSusana M Campos, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolInstitute Physician Dana Farber Cancer InstituteDirector of GYN Educational ActivitiesFabio Candotti, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)Patrícia Canhão, MD, PhDInvited Assistant Professor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de Universidade de LisboaAmy Cannella, MD, MS, RhMSUSProfessor of Internal MedicineRheumatology Fellowship Program DirectorUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterChase Cannon, MD, MPHActing Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of WashingtonCo-Director, Public Health – Seattle & King County Sexual Health ClinicJuan J Canoso, MD, MACRABC Medical Center, México City, MexicoAdjunct Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MAJoseph B Cantey, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioAstrid EP Cantineau, MD, PhDDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical CenterLouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDennis A Cardone, DOAssociate Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryChief, Division of Primary Care Sports MedicineNYU Langone Medical CenterAdela Rambi G Cardones, MDAssociate ProfessorDuke UniversityElyce H Cardonick, MDDivision of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Cooper Health System, Camden, New JerseyAlexandra Carey, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolCenter for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, MALisa A Carey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaLineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterSteve Caritis, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKaren J Carlson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolStanley N Caroff, MDProfessor of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaCpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterThomas Carpenter, MDProfessor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)Professor of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationYale University School of MedicineDavid Carr, MDProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDTara F Carr, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor, Medicine and OtolaryngologyDepartment of Medicine, University of ArizonaJ Emilio Carrillo, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityClinical Associate Professor, Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNina M Carroll, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolJean Carruthers, MD, FRCSCClinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaJames Carter, MA, CCC-SLPAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyBaylor College of MedicineRufus Cartwright, MBBS, MRCOG, MD, PhDSubspecialty Trainee Urogynaecology Oxford University Hospitals NHS TrustDaniela A Carusi, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Cary, PhD, RNAssociate Professor of NursingDuke UniversityDouglas J Casa, PhD, ATC, FNAK, FACSM, FNATAChief Executive Officer, Korey Stringer InstituteProfessor, Department of KinesiologyCollege of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of ConnecticutThomas B Casale, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of South FloridaA Lee Cashman, RN, CWONWound and Ostomy NurseBaptist MD Anderson Cancer CenterRobert F Casper, MDProfessor, Division of Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Toronto, CanadaSenior InvestigatorLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMariana C Castells, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie Castelo-Soccio, MD, PhDAssociate Research Physician and Staff ClinicianNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthMarc F Catalano, MD, FACG, FACP, FASGE, AGAFThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonProfessor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyAssistant Division Chief, Memorial Hermann Southeast Endoscopy & Chief of Therapeutic EndoscopyDirector of UT-MHH Advanced Endoscopy Training ProgramAaron B Caughey, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyAssociate Dean for Women's Health Research & PolicyOregon Health & Science UniversityKeith L Cavanaugh, MD, FAAP, FCCPAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaMatthew A Cavender, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Medicine University of North Carolina - Chapel HillEmi H Caywood, MDDirector, Blood and Bone Marrow TransplantNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareMarcelle I Cedars, MDChief of the Division of Endocrinology and InfertilityUniversity of California, San FranciscoJuan C Celedón, MD, DrPHNiels K. Jerne Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Medicine and Human GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh Division ChiefPediatric Pulmonary MedicineUPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghDavid Cella, PhDProfessorFeinberg School at Northwestern UniversityFelipe Bochnia Cerci, MD, MScClinical InstructorHospital Universitário Evangélico MackenzieMichelle S Cespedes, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMariam R Chacko, MDDistinguished Professor EmeritusDepartments of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineDonald J Chadwick, MDAdjunct InstructorMinneapolis Clinic of NeurologyAnees B Chagpar, MD, MSc, MA, MPH, MBA, FACS, FRCS(C)Section Editor — Breast SurgeryProfessor, Department of SurgeryYale University School of MedicineA Bapsi Chakravarthy, MD, FASTROProfessorVanderbilt UniversityStephen T Chambers, MB ChB, MSc, MD, FRACPProfessor, Department of PathologyUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchAnnie On On Chan, MDDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongAnthony KC Chan, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCPathProfessor of PediatricsMcMaster University, CanadaYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children's HospitalSwathy Chandrashekhar, MDNeuromuscular Medicine FellowUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterAnne B Chang, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, FAPSR, FAHMSHead of Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health ResearchSenior Respiratory and Sleep Consultant, Queensland Children's HospitalAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Qld University of TechnologyGrace Chang, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey Chang, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of California, San DiegoVictor T Chang, MDProfessor of Medicine,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,VA New Jersey Health Care SystemNelson J Chao, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineJennifer Chapman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityPanithaya Chareonthaitawee, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRichelle C Charles, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMaureen Chase, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolStephen T Chasen, MDProfessor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyVice-Chair for Education, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityTalal Chatila, MDDenise and David Bunning Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolThe Boston Children's HospitalPradip P Chaudhari, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaDivision of Emergency & Transport MedicineChildren's Hospital Los AngelesSuneet P Chauhan, MD, Hon DScPrincipal Investigator, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Professor, McGovern Medical School at UTHealthAdjunct Professor, Bioengineering Department, Rice UniversityAdam S Cheifetz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIra M Cheifetz, MD, FCCM, FAARCProfessor of PediatricsRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, ClevelandAmy Y-Y Chen, MD, FAADCentral Connecticut DermatologyFelicia Chen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineKatherine T Chen, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceProfessor of Medical EducationIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLee-may Chen, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive SciencesDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterMei Chen, PhDProfessor and Director of Research - Department of DermatologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaPeijun Chen, MD, MPH, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineStaff Geriatric Psychiatrist, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System Cleveland VA Medical CenterWendy Y Chen, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHeather H Cheng, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington Associate Professor, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterKaren A Chernoff, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical Dermatology and PediatricsWeill Cornell Medical CollegeFrank A Chervenak, MDChair, Obstetrics and GynecologyLenox Hill HospitalChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology & Associate Dean for International Medicine Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyZucker School at Hofstra/NorthwellAlfred K Cheung, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineMilan G Chheda, MDAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicineDennis S Chi, MDProfessor, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMember, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterGynecology Service, Department of SurgeryStephen Chia, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineBritish Columbia Cancer AgencyAnna L Chien, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineMay Chien, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorStanford University Department of PediatricsIvan K Chinn, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalMurali Chintagumpala, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineEric H Chiou, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineClaudia A Chiriboga, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical CenterColumbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NYDavid Chitayat, MD, FACMG, FCCMG, FRCPCProfessor of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoRowan T Chlebowski, MD, PhDChief, Division of Medical Oncology and HematologyHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CAChristine S Cho, MD, MPH, MEdAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesKeith Choate, MD, PhDProfessor of Dermatology, Genetics, and PathologyYale University School of MedicineSanjiv Chopra, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Consultant in Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Marshall Wolf Master Clinician EducatorBrigham and Women's HospitalTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemVineet Chopra, MD, MScRobert W. Schrier Chair of MedicineProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJoseph Chorley, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports MedicineAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineKelvin L Chou, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolRoger Chou, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversitySanaa Choufani, PhDSenior Research AssociateThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenAnthony W Chow, MD, FRCPC, FACPProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaLorraine Chow, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of CalgaryYujuan Choy, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry (volunteer faculty)University of California, IrvineApril Christensen, MD, MSMayo ClinicKurt Christensen, MPH, PhDHarvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteStephanie Christenson, MD, MASAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoCindy Christian, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGeorge P Chrousos, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology EmeritusDirector, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision MedicineHolder, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health CareUniversity of Athens, GreeceChia-Yu Chu, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University HospitalDerek H Chu, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford UniversityVivian H Chu, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAnnabelle Chua, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPediatric NephrologyDuke University Medical CenterKathy Chuang, MDInstructor in Neurology and Neuromuscular MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCo-directorMGH Paralysis ProgramChief, Neuromuscular RehabilitationMassachusetts General HospitalRashmi Chugh, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAntonio A T Chuh, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorJC School of Public HealthThe Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Prince of Wales Hospital Hong KongDaniel C Chung, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKarine Chung, MD, MSCEReproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityCalifornia Fertility PartnersBrian Chung Hon-Yin, MD, FCCMGClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Hong KongJay P Ciezki, MDStaff Physician Cleveland Clinic Department of Radiation OncologyMark C Clark, MD, FAAEM, FAAP, FACEPClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineShannon M Clark, MD, MMSProfessor, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical Branch-GalvestonSteven Leigh Clark, MDProfessor, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of MedicineJennie Clarke, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Utah Health Science CenterJustin A Classie, MDMedical Director of Sports MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian/QueensAssistant Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityBrian J Cleary, PhDChief Pharmacist, Rotunda HospitalHonorary Clinical Associate Professor, School of PharmacyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandJane Cleary-Goldman, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMount Sinai Medical SchoolJ Quentin Clemens, MD, FACS, MSCIProfessor of UrologyDirector, Division of Neurourology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterMeredith Clement, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistAssistant ProfessorLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansDennis A Clements, MD, PhD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDuke UniversityJeffrey L Clemons, MD, FACOGUrogynecology & Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryMultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WAClinical Associate Professor, Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WAGilles Clermont, MDCM, MScProfessorDepartment of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDavid B Clifford, MDMelba and Forest Seay Professor of Clinical Neuropharmacology in NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisJames R Clugston, MD, MS, FAMSSMAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Community Health and Family Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineThomas D Coates, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PathologyUniversity of Southern California School of MedicineDavid K Coats, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineEmil Coccaro, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterLinda Cocchiarella, MD, MScNew York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse ServicesDawn P Coe, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport StudiesUniversity of TennesseeM Justin Coffey, MDChair, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral HealthGeisinger Health SystemPhillip Coffin, MD, MIADirector of Substance Use ResearchCenter for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public HealthAdi Cohen, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterHarvey Jay Cohen, MDDirector, Center for the Study of AgingWalter Kempner Professor of MedicineChair Emeritus, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityJoanna Cohen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJordana Cohen, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Medicine and EpidemiologyRenal-Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJudith A Cohen, MDProfessor of PsychiatryDrexel University College of MedicineMark L Cohen, MDCo-Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineProfessor of Pathology & NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterMyron S Cohen, MDProfessor of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology and Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillPieter Cohen, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolSarah L Cohen Rassier, MD, MPHDivision of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryMayo ClinicDavid E Cohn, MD, MBADivision of Gynecologic Oncology Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Ohio State University College of MedicineInterim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Medical OfficerArthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research InstituteSteven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHMProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineGraham A Colditz, MD, DrPHNiess-Gain Professor in MedicineWashington University School of MedicineRobert L Coleman, MD, FACOG, FACSChief Scientific OfficerUS Oncology ResearchAndrew A Colin, MDBatchelor Family Professor of Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonology Director, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMiller School of Medicine University of MiamiJoseph M Collaco, MD, MPH, MBA, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineLaura C Collins, MDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolVice Chair of Anatomic PathologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, BostonFrancesc Colom, PhD, PsyD, MScHeadMental Health Research Program-PSMARAssociate ProfessorUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaCIBERSAMCathleen Colon-Emeric, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterHenri G Colt, MDSection Editor — Interventional PulmonologyProfessor Emeritus University of CaliforniaWilson S Colucci, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineSteven E Come, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterCraig V Comiter, MDProfessor of Urology, Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineScott P Commins, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineCarolyn C Compton, MD, PhDProfessorArizona State UniversityMichelle V Conde, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioKara Connelly, MD, MCRAssociate Professor of Pediatric EndocrinologyOregon Health & Sciences UniversityHeidi M Connolly, MD, FACC, FASESection Editor — Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolK Ryan Connolly, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineEvelyn Constantin, MD, CM, MSc(Epi), FRCPCAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, McGill UniversityDirector, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital at the McGill University Health CentreClinician-Scientist, McGill University Health Centre Research InstituteLouis S Constine, MDProfessor of Radiation Oncology and PediatricsVice ChairUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterKavitha Conti, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineSuzanne D Conzen, MDProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of Hematology and OncologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterChristopher S Cooper, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor and Vice Chairman of UrologyDirector of Pediatric Urology Senior Associate Dean for Medical EducationTyrone D. Artz Chair in UrologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineStephanie Cooper, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSusan M Cooper, MB ChB, MRCGP, FRCP, MDConsultant Dermatologist and Honorary Senior Clinical LecturerOxford University HospitalsTodd M Cooper, DOProfessor of Pediatrics University of WashingtonDirector - Leukemia ProgramSeattle Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterLeslie T Cooper, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJoshua Copel, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive Sciences, and PediatricsYale School of MedicineSpencer T Copland, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor, Dept of Family Medicine, UNCSports Medicine Fellowship, Moses Cone Hospital SystemRamon Corbalan, MDProfessor of MedicineCardiovascular DivisionPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileHoward M Corneli, MDProfessor Emeritus of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePaul Cornia, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonCarleton Eduardo Corrales, MDOtology, Neurotology & Skull Base SurgeryDivision of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolMichael J Corwin, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthWilliam Coryell, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa, Carver College of MedicineCasey M Cosgrove, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterKaren H Costenbader, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJérôme Coulombe, MD, FRCPCAssociate Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of DermatologyUniversity of MontrealM Laurin Council, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisCarlton J Covey, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMorton J Cowan, MDEmeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplant DivisionUniversity of California, San FranciscoEdward W Cowen, MD, MHScDirectorAmerican Board of DermatologyFellowAmerican Academy of DermatologySenior Clinician and Head, Dermatology Consultation ServiceDermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthGary M Cox, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterJ Thomas Cox, MDPast-PresidentAmerican Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP)Jean Tiffany Cox, MS, RD, LNVolunteer Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of New MexicoPatient Educator, Maternity and Family Planning ProgramUniversity of New Mexico HospitalWilliam J Craigen, MD, PhDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineSabrina Craigo, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineMichelle Craske, PhDDirector, Anxiety Research CenterUniversity of California, Los Angeles Department of PsychologyJoseph P Cravero, MDProfessor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalFilippo Crea, MDProfessor of CardiologyHead, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic SciencesCatholic University RomeMark A Creager, MD, FAHA, FACC, MSVMSection Editor — Vascular MedicineDirector, Heart and Vascular CenterDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAnna Gundlach Huber Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthPeter S Creticos, MDSection Editor — ImmunotherapyAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJonathan Crews, MD, MSAssistant Professor - Pediatrics Infectious DiseasesBaylor College of MedicineMarita Cross, PhDResearch FellowUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchScott J Crow, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaJames E Crowe, Jr, MDDirectorVanderbilt Vaccine CenterProfessorVanderbilt University Medical CenterMarianna Crowley, MDSenior Deputy EditorDeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam F Crowley, Jr, MDSection Editor — Female Reproductive EndocrinologyDaniel K Podolsky Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark Crowther, MD, MScSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of Medicine and Pathology & Molecular MedicineSt Joseph’s Hospital and McMaster UniversityChristopher P Crum, MDDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalAndrea T Cruz, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicinePhilip E Cryer, MDProfessor of Medicine Emeritus and Adjunct Professor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisAdam Cuker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineColin S Cunningham, PhDBaltimore, MDF Gary Cunningham, MDProfessor and Holder of Beatrice and Miguel Elias Distinguished Chair in Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterCharlotte Cunningham-Rundles, MD, PhDDavid S Gottesman Professor of ImmunologyMount Sinai School of MedicineGary C Curhan, MD, ScDSection Editor — Chronic Kidney DiseaseEditor-in-Chief EmeritusClinical Journal of the American Society of NephrologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClara Curiel-Lewandrowski, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyArizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaBarbara H Curtis, CNM, MSNMassachusetts General HospitalDonald Cutlip, MDSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterF Michael Cutrer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJohanna Daily, MD, MScSection Editor — MalariaProfessor of Medicine and Microbiology and ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNicholas Dainiak, MD, FACPClinical Professor, Department of Therapeutic RadiologyYale University School of MedicineIlan Dalal, MDSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, IsraelAllison Dalton, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoVanessa K Dalton, MD, MPHProfessor and Associate Chair of ResearchDirector, Program on Women's Health Care Effectiveness ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDonald J D'Amico, MDChairman of OphthalmologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeReza Dana, MD, MPH, MScClaes Dohlman Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolRene Daniel, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine and Neurological SurgeryThomas Jefferson UniversityJames M Daniels, MD, MPH, RMSKProfessor of Family & Community Medicine and Orthopedic SurgeryVice Chair and Director of Scholarly ActivityDepartment of Family & Community MedicineSouthern Illinois University School of MedicineJasmeen Dara, MD, MSAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoPhilip D Darney, MD, MScDistinguished Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Health Policy, EmeritusUniversity of California, San FranciscoBasil T Darras, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard Dart, MD, PhDProfessorDirector of Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center University of Colorado School of MedicineShailendra Das, DOAssistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine ServiceBaylor College of MedicineShounak Das, MDVolunteer Clinical Faculty, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at DallasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasStacie L Daugherty, MD, MSPHProfessor of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusWilliam S David, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew S Davids, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTerry F Davies, MD, FRCP, FACEBaumritter Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJeremy L Davis, MD, FACSAssociate Research Physician, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMark DP Davis, MD, FAADProfessor and ChairDepartment of DermatologyMayo Clinic RochesterBuddhadeb Dawn, MDProfessor of MedicineKirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLVBess Dawson-Hughes, MDTeam Leader - Bone Metabolism LaboratoryProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineNick Day, DM, FRCPProfessor of Tropical MedicineUniversity of OxfordRichard J de Asla, MDOrthopedic ConsultantMassachusetts General HospitalInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolIrene de Boer, MDClinical Research FellowLeiden University Medical CenterMarc E De Broe, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Antwerp, BelgiumSarah D de Ferranti, MD, MPHDirector, Preventive Cardiology ClinicDepartment of CardiologyBoston Children's HospitalFilip De Keyser, MD, PhDProfessor of RheumatologyGhent UniversityPelle P de Koning, MDDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDiva D De Leon-Crutchlow, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDeirdre De Ranieri, MD, RhMSUSAssistant Professor in PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNirupama K De Silva, MDClinical ProfessorUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLinda S de Vries, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor in Neonatal NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Leiden University Medical CenterKathleen M Deakins, MHSA RRT NPS FAARCClinical Manager Women's & Children's Respiratory Care Pediatric Pulmonary Function & Infant MonitoringUH Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalCooper Dean, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineMalcolm R DeBaun, MDOrthopedic Surgery ResidentStanford University School of MedicineMichael R DeBaun, MD, MPHSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineJeanne M DeCara, MDProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAlan H DeCherney, MDChief, Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology BranchNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthJason E Decker, MD, FAAPPediatrics and Sports MedicinePrivate PracticeEugene Declercq, PhDProfessorCommunity Health Sciences DepartmentBoston University School of Public HealthFatma Dedeoglu, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPrakash C Deedwania, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineMark E Deffebach, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChristine Dehlendorf, MD, MASProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoValdesha DeJean, MDPacific Medical Centers - Canyon Park ClinicMaura DeJoseph, DODeputy Chief Medical Examiner, State of Connecticut Office of Chief Medical ExaminerClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineMarcela G del Carmen, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalChief Medical Officer, Massachusetts General Physicians OrganizationGiuseppe Del Priore, MD, MPHProfessorMorehouse School of MedicineLinda M Delahanty, MS, RDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKenneth DeLay, MDTeaching Faculty I, Florida State UniversityTom Delbanco, MDJohn F. Keane & Family Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M deLemos, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineAlexander M DeLeon, MDAssistant Professor in AnesthesiologyNorthwestern UniversityKiley Delgado, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorCenter for Cancer Risk Assessment (Cancer Genetics)Massachusetts General HospitalVictoria Delgado, MD, PhDCardiologist; Department of CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterKaren S DeLoss, ODClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Department of OphthalmologyAlfred DeMaria, Jr, MDMedical and Laboratory ConsultantMassachusetts Department of Public HealthGail J Demmler-Harrison, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDebby Demory-Luce, PhD, RD, LDAdjunct ProfessorNorth Harris CollegeLynette Denny, MD, PhDProfessor Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Cape TownGroote Schuur HospitalDirector of South African Medical Research CouncilGynaecology Cancer Research CentreChristopher P Denton, MDProfessor of Experimental RheumatologyRoyal Free Hospital, LondonDamiaan Denys, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the KNAW, AmsterdamRichard Derby, MDPrimary Care Sports Medicine HSHS Medical Group, O’Fallon, ILAssistant Professor of Family Medicine/Sports MedicineSt. Louis University Family Medicine Residency ProgramNeerav Desai, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterShoma Desai, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineLAC and USC Medical CenterDaniel G Deschler, MD, FACSSection Editor — OtorhinolaryngologyProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard D deShazo, MDBilly S Guyton Distinguished ProfessorProfessor of Medicine and Pediatrics EmeritusUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterAdjunct Professor of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamUmesh S Deshmukh, PhDAssociate MemberOklahoma Medical Research FoundationJennifer A DeSimone, MDAssistant ProfessorGeorgetown University Department of DermatologyDirector, Cutaneous Lymphoma Program and Transplant DermatologyInova Melanoma and Skin Cancer CenterMadeline B Deutsch, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Clinical Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California - San FranciscoStephanie A Deutsch, MD, MS, FAAPMedical Director, CARE (Children at Risk Evaluation) Program; Associate Professor of PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPrasad Devarajan, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineSerkan Deveci, MDProfessor of UrologyBeykent University School of Medicine, Istanbul/TurkeyPJ Devereaux, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology McMaster UniversityLeticia Alle Deveza, MD, PhDDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyJaime G Deville, MDProfessor of Clinical Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los AngelesMichael Devlin, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsKevin deWeber, MD, FAMSSM, FAAFP, FACSMDirector, SW Washington Sports Medicine FellowshipVancouver, WAAffiliate Associate Professor of Family MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityClinical Assistant Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRichard A Deyo, MD, MPHProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Family Medicine, Department of MedicineOregon Institute of Occupational Health Services, Oregon Health & Science UniversityRajiv Dhand, MD, FCCP, FACP, FAARC, FRSM, ATSFProfessor and Endowed Chair, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Graduate School of MedicinePierre A d'Hemecourt, MDLecturer in Sports MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLara K Dhingra, PhDAssociate Professor of Family and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of MedicineCarlo Di Lorenzo, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsOhio State UniversityCecilia Di Pentima, MDDirector of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesGoryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health SystemProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson UniversityLuciano S Dias, MDProfessor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityLucia Z Diaz, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Texas Medical School at AustinLuis A Diaz, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCésar Díaz-García, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyLa Fe University Hospital, University of ValenciaMedical DirectorIVI-London, IVI-RMA GlobalCompany director, Gynesis LTDJohn K DiBaise, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo Clinic in ArizonaSteven J DiBiase, MDChief of ServiceDepartment of Radiation Oncology New York-Presbyterian QueensVice Chairman and Associate ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJohn P Dice, MDAllergy and ImmunologyPrivate PracticeAnna L Dickerman, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityJustin T Diedrich, MD, MSCI, FACOGAssociate Director of Family PlanningEden SurgicalHarry C Dietz, MDSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseVictor A. McKusick Professor of Medicine and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMazen M Dimachkie, MDExecutive Vice Chairman & Neuromuscular Division DirectorProfessor – Department of NeurologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterSona Dimidjian, PhDDirector, Renée Crown Wellness InstituteProfessor, Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderCharles A Dinarello, MDDistinguished Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineElizabeth A Dinces, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical OtolaryngologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePaul A DiSilvestro, MDProfessorProgram in Women's OncologyWomen and Infants HospitalAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityAmy DiVasta, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalSameer Dixit, MDAssistant, Attending Physician, Primary Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery, New York, New YorkAnne E Dixon, BM, BChSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VermontJ Bryan Dixon, MDClinical Associate Professor of Family MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineJ Michael Dixon, MDProfessor of Surgery and Consultant SurgeonEdinburgh UniversitySteven G Docimo, MDExecutive Vice President, Business Development, and StrategyChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaGary V Doern, MDEmeritus Professor of PathologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineRaphael Dolin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLindsey B Dolohanty, MDDermatologistAlice D Domar, PhDChief Compassion OfficerInception FertilityFrank J Domino, MDProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJeff Donovan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoScott R Dorfman, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineShira Doron, MD, FIDSA, FSHEAAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMorna J Dorsey, MD, MSProfessor, Director of Allergy/Immunology ProgramUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichelle Dossett, MD, PhD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineUC Davis Medical SchoolChyke Doubeni, MD, FRCS, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and SciencePamela S Douglas, MDUrsula Geller Professor of Research in Cardiovascular DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityJeffrey S Dover, MD, FRCPCSection Editor — Cosmetic DermatologyAssociate Clinical Professor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineThomas Doyle, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineMatthew Drago, MD, MBEAssistant Professor of PediatricsDivision of Neonatology Yale School of MedicineMonica Dragoman, MD, MPHSystem Director, Complex Family PlanningProgram Director, Complex Family Planning FellowshipRaquel and Jaime Gilinski Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMount Sinai Health SystemMark T Dransfield, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamTimothy Ryan Draper, DO, AAFP, CAQ Sports MedicineAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAssociate Program DirectorCone Health Sports MedicineRichard H Drew, PharmD, MS, FCCP, FIDPProfessorCampbell University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesProfessor and Clinical PharmacistDuke School of MedicineFrank W Drislane, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJan E Drutz, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor Emeritus of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnne M Dubin, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford School of MedicineSteven G DuBois, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence DuBuske, MDClinical Professor of MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DCPatrick Duff, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineChristopher Duggan, MD, MPHMeltzer Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalKaren L Dugosh, PhDSenior ScientistPublic Health Management CorporationShauna Duigenan, MD, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorThe University of OttawaJessica Duis, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and GeneticsChildren's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusStephanie Dukhovny, MDAssistant Professor, Maternal Fetal MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityAntoni J Duleba, MDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoKaren Dull, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexandra M Dumitrescu, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoJ Stephen Dumler, MDProfessor and ChairUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterJoint Pathology CenterReinhard G Dummer, MDProfessorZurich University HospitalRoderick Duncan, MD, PhD, FRCPAssociate Professor of Neurology University of OtagoShannon M Dunlay, MD, MSProfessor of Health Services Research and MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMarlene L Durand, MDSection Editor — Head and Neck InfectionsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDennis R Durbin, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicinePresident, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalCeleste Durnwald, MDAssociate Professor, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul Durrington, MDProfessor of MedicinePhysician to Manchester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of ManchesterTeresa K Duryea, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineLinda R Duska, MDLawrence Penniston Family Endowed Professor of Women’s Oncology ResearchAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of VirginiaCaryn Dutton, MD, MSInstructor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolYael Dvir, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolChristopher C Dvorak, MDProfessor of PediatricsChief, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow TransplantationUniversity of California San FranciscoDaniel F Dwyer, PhDInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyBrigham and Women's HospitalJonathan A Dyer, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Child Health, Department of DermatologyUniversity of MissouriNatalie L Dykzeul, MS, LCGCPediatric Genetic CounselorDivision of Medical GeneticsStanford Children’s HealthKim A Eagle, MD, MACCAlbion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganRobert H Eckel, MDProfessor of Medicine, EmeritusDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusJeffrey L Ecker, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolOlive Eckstein, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric Hematology-OncologyHistiocytosis & Lymphoma TeamTexas Children's Cancer Center/Hematology Service Baylor College of MedicineKeith Eddleman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiThe Mount Sinai Health SystemAlison Edelman, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health and Science UniversityJonathan A Edlow, MD, FACEPSection Editor — Neurologic EmergenciesProfessor of Medicine and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBrent M Egan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleVP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical AssociationScott DZ Eggers, MDConsultant and Associate Professor of NeurologyCollege of Medicine & ScienceMayo ClinicRachel A Egler, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityAlexia Egloff, MDPediatric Radiologist & NeuroradiologistCentre for the Developing Brain, King's College LondonSt. Thomas' Hospital, United KingdomGeorg B Ehret, MDDivision of CardiologyGeneva University Hospitals, SwitzerlandDavid A Ehrmann, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoRobert M Ehsanipoor, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology & ObstetricsMaternal-Fetal MedicineSinai Hospital of BaltimoreBenjamin D Ehst, MD, PhDClinical Associate ProfessorOregon Health & Science UniversityInvestigatorOregon Medical Research CenterEric C Eichenwald, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFlorian S Eichler, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPhilippe A Eigenmann, MDGeneva University Hospitals, Pediatric AllergyUniversity of GenevaMark H Einstein, MD, MS, FACS, FACOGSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s HealthAssistant DeanClinical Research Unit Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolRebecca Eisen, PhDResearch BiologistCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMatthew Eisenberg, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJinane El Khoury, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorLebanese American University Medical CenterMackram F Eleid, MDProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicGhada El-Hajj Fuleihan, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center, LebanonKevin M Elias, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssistant Professor, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolScott A Elisofon, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEman Elkadry, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolJohn C Elkas, MD, JDAssociate ProfessorInova Teaching FacultyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityKeith Elkon, MDMannik-Henderson Professor of MedicineHead, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of WashingtonWilliam J Elliott, MD, PhDSection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and PharmacologyHead, Division of PharmacologyChair, Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WAAnne K Ellis, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FAAAAIProfessor and ChairDivision of Allergy & ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineQueen's UniversityDavid H Ellison, MD, FASN, FAHAProfessor of Medicine and Physiology & PharmacologyOregon Health & Science UniversityJonathan S Ellison, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric UrologyChildren's Hospital of Wisconsin & Medical College of WisconsinJonathan Elmer, MD, MS, FNCSAssociate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineCraig A Elmets, MDSection Editor — PhotodermatologyProfessor and Chair of DermatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAArthur Elster, MDClinical Associate ProfessorFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityDirk M Elston, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaS Jean Emans, MDMary Ellen Avery Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKevin Emerick, MDAssistant Professor in the Department of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolRüdiger Eming, MDSenior Physician and Group Leader - Department of Dermatology and AllergologyPhilipps-Universität, Marburg GermanyMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterJack Ende, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineErin E Endom, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineScott Engel, PhDAssociate ScientistSanford ResearchBryant R England, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center & Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemChristopher S Ennen, MDMaternal-Fetal Medicine StaffAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineMaurice Enriquez-Sarano, MDMinneapolis Heart Institute FoundationUta Erdbruegger, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaMichael Erdil, MD, FACOEMAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineDivision of Occupational Medicine University of Connecticut School of MedicineGreg A Erens, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineDoruk Erkan, MD, MPHAttending Rheumatologist, Hospital for Special SurgeryProfessor of Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineJessi Erlichman, MPHAdministrative Director of Clinical Research, GI DivisionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaKristin Ernest, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEdzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FMEdSci, FSB, FRCP, FRCP (Edin.)Emeritus Professor of Complementary MedicinePeninsula Medical School, University of ExeterElizabeth A Erwin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalRandall T Espinoza, MD, MPHProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry andMuriel Harris Endowed Chair of Geriatric PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAKatharine Esselen, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura J Esserman, MD, MBAProfessor of Surgery and RadiologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoDirectorUCSF Carol Franc Buck Breast Care CenterStephanie J Estes, MD, FACOGAssociate ProfessorDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPenn State Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineN A Mark Estes, III, MDEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSusan P Etheridge, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineAmos Etzioni, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and ImmunologyThe Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, HaifaErica A Eugster, MDProfessor of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineAdele Karen Evans, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineArthur T Evans, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRandolph W Evans, MD, FAANClinical Professor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineRobert C Eyre, MDCorresponding Member of the Faculty of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKathleen M Fairfield, MD, DrPHVice Chair, Department of MedicineMaine Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineKhoulood Fakhoury, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTommaso Falcone, MD, FRCSC, FACOGSection Editor — Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineJay L Falk, MDClinical Professor of Medicine and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineRonald J Falk, MDNan and Hugh Cullman Eminent Professor of NephrologyChair, Department of MedicineDirector, UNC Kidney CenterUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel HillScott A Falk, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJason Fangusaro, MDProfessor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineChristopher H Fanta, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura S Farach, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHarrison W Farber, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts Medical SchoolMichaela K Farber, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAntonio Farina, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyHenriette Farkas, MD, PhD, DScProfessor of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyDirector of the Hungarian Angioedema Reference Center3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityLisa J Farkouh, MDNorthwest Perinatal CenterPortland, OregonJeanne Farnan, MD, MHPEProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoFrancis A Farraye, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic School of MedicineCaitlin Farrell, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalRichard J Farrell, MDGastroenterology Consultant, Connolly HospitalClinical Professor of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandTola B Fashokun, MD, FACOGClinical Instructor, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineFaculty Attending, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency ProgramRonnie Fass, MDAGA Peer ReviewerProfessor of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityRebecca K Fastle, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAssociate Chief Medical Officer, PALS Transfer Center and Care ManagementPedram Fatehi, MD, MPHAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineBart CJM Fauser, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Reproductive MedicineUniversity of Utrecht, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The NetherlandsRima Fawaz, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsYale University School of MedicineSara B Fazio, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLuigi Fedele, MDEmeritus Professor of Gynecology and ObstetricsObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalySteven H Feinsilver, MDProfessor of MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineBrian M Feldman, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenEva L Feldman, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterJamie Feldman, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMark Feldman, MD, MACP, AGAF, FACGSection Editor — Acid Peptic DiseaseTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasClinical Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School at DallasSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolSteven R Feldman, MD, PhDProfessorWake Forest School of MedicineAnna M Feldweg, MDDirector, Editorial Management — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Allergy and ImmunologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolColleen M Feltmate, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolAlisa N Femia, MDAssistant Professor The Ronald O. Perelman Department of DermatologyNew York University Langone Medical CenterMary Feng, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoPeter Ferenci, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of ViennaGary T Ferguson, MDDirector, Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast MichiganClinical Professor of Medicine, Michigan State UniversityCaraciolo J Fernandes, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKristen H Fernandez, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Missouri, ColumbiaLorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhDAssistant ProfessorKarolinska InstitutetCarlos Fernandez-del Castillo, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolCecile Ferrando, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Center for Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health InstituteCleveland ClinicJill Ferrari, PhD, BScSenior Lecturer, PodiatryUniversity of East London, United KingdomCarlos R Ferreira, MD, FACMGHead, Skeletal Genomics UnitsNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthBetty Ferrell, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCNDirector and Professor, Division of Nursing Research and EducationCity of Hope Medical CenterRobert L Ferrer, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioJosé M Ferro, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de LisboaFernando C Fervenza, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineStephen J Ferzoco, MDChief of General SurgeryAtrius HealthTimothy J Fete, MD, MPHEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineNicole Fett, MD, MSCEProfessor of DermatologyOregon Health and Science UniversityCan Ficicioglu, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human GeneticsMaria Isabel Fiel, MD, FAASLDProfessor of PathologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJoshua J Field, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinKarl B Fields, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical ExaminationProfessor of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandMaria E Figueroa, MDAssociate Professor of Human GeneticsSylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineThomas M File, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary InfectionsProfessor of MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityJonathan D Finder, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAndrew M Fine, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician in Pediatrics, Boston Children's HospitalMichael J Fine, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemMiriam FinePatient Perspective Author– Managing pain during labor and deliveryJoel S Finkelstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Finnoff, DOProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceChief Medical OfficerUnited States Olympic and Paralympic CommitteePaul N Fiorilli, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGary S Firestein, MDDistinguished Professor of MedicineSenior Associate Vice Chancellor of Health SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineHelen V Firth, DM, FRCP, FMedSciSection Editor — GeneticsConsultant Clinical GeneticistAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UKBernard A Fischer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineFrank A Fish, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Associate Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineDaniel B Fishbein, MDMyanmar Research InternationalDouglas S Fishman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMary B Fishman, MDProfessor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCourtney Fitzhugh, MDInvestigatorNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health (NIH)Ellen Fitzsimmons-Craft, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineJohn M Flack, MD, MPH, FAHA, FASH, MACPProfessor and Sergio Rabinovich Endowed Chair of Internal MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversityEric M Flake, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Medicine Uniformed Services University Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Developmental Pediatrics Program Director Madigan Army Medical CenterSteven Flamm, MDProfessor of MedicineRush Medical CollegeRush University Philip Fleckman, MDProfessor of Medicine (Dermatology)University of WashingtonEric Fleegler, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSarah E Fleet, MDDirector, Growth and Nutrition ProgramAttending PhysicianBoston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionInstructor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Fleischer, MDSection Head, Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineGary R Fleisher, MDEditor-in-Chief — Adult and Pediatric Emergency MedicineSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsEgan Family Foundation ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolLee A Fleisher, MDProfessor and Former Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineCraig E Fleishman, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineJessica Fleitman, MDHVICU director, Penn Presbyterian HospitalUniversity of Pennsylvania (August 2020)Gini Fleming, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Medical CenterGeorge Flesh, MDClinical Assistant Professor of OB/GYNHarvard Medical SchoolPhillip R Fleshner, MD, FACSClinical Professor of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterGrant S Fletcher, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonPhyllis Flomenberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJefferson Medical CollegeJustin Floyd, DOCancer Care Specialists of IllinoisJoseph T Flynn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonPatricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisRebecca Foell, MSW, LICSWProgram CoordinatorOtto Bremer Trust Center for Safe and Healthy ChildrenUniversity of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalCynthia S Fok, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of UrologyUniversity of MinnesotaAndrew Fontenot, MDHenry N. Claman Professor of Medicine, Division Head, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineMichelle Forcier, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown UniversityJohn P Forman, MD, MScSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — NephrologyAssociate Physician, Division of Kidney MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlessia Fornoni, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineChief, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDirector, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery CenterMSTP Co-DirectorChristopher E Forsmark, MDProfessor of Medicine and ChiefDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionUniversity of FloridaJ Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineRégine Fortunov, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKevin M Fosnocht, MDChief Medical OfficerAssociate Executive DirectorPenn Presbyterian Medical CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Health SystemJennifer H Foster, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's HospitalKatherine Walker Foster, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineStephen Foster, MDClinical Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolTheodoros Foukakis, MD, PhDDepartment of OncologyKarolinska Institutet and University HospitalStockholm, SwedenCaroline E Foust-Wright, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of Urology/Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts School of MedicineJeffrey M Fowler, MDGynecologic OncologistWomen's Oncology ServicesDeaconess, The Women's HospitalJosephine R Fowler, MD, MSc, FAAFPAssociate Professor & Vice Chair of Clinical ServicesDepartment of Family and Community HealthUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusetts Medical Society, Committee on Maternal and Perinatal WelfareMary Glenn Fowler, MD, MPHProfessorJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutesVance G Fowler, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAaron Fox, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineChristine Fox, MD, MASAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco*karin A Fox, MD, MEdAssociate Professor, Fellowship Director, Co-Chief of Maternal-Fetal Surgery Section,Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalPatrick M Foye, MDProfessor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDirector, Coccyx Pain CenterRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolFabio Francesconi, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyAmazon Federal University - MedicineClinical Researcher; Coordinator - Dermatology Residence ProgramTropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira DouradoKathleen M Franchek-Roa, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCRobert L Frank, MD, FACEPClinical Instructor in Emergency MedicineEastern Virginia School of MedicineAnthony F Fransway, MDAssociates in Dermatology MD's, LLCFort Myers, FLClaire E Fraser, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, Vitreoretinal SurgeryUniversity of KentuckyStephen Freedland, MDProfessor of Surgery (Urology)Director, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle (CIRCL)Associate Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer CenterCedars Sinai Medical CenterArnold S Freedman, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid O Freedman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamStephen Freedman, MDCM, MScProfessor of PaediatricsAlberta Children's Hospital, University of CalgaryAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Foundation Professor in Child Health and WellnessSteven D Freedman, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexandra F Freeman, MDSenior ClinicianNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesEsther E Freeman, MD, PhDDirector, Global Health DermatologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolPhoebe E Freer, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyUniversity of Utah HospitalsHuntsman Cancer InstituteAndrew French, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineValerie French, MD, MASAssociate ProfessorUniversity of KansasRuth C Fretts, MD, MPHAtrius HealthHeather Frey, MD, MSCIAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOhio State University College of MedicineJoy L Fridey, MDMedical OfficerAmerican Red Cross Blood Services Scientific AffairsJonathan W Friedberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJames P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of RochesterMark W Friedberg, MD, MPPAssistant Professor of Medicine, part-timeBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolRyan P Friedberg, MDClinical Instructor, Department of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIlona J Frieden, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoDanielle N Friedman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medical College; Pediatric Long-Term Follow-Up ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterHarvey M Friedman, MDProfessorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaKevin Friedman, MDPediatric Cardiologist, Boston Children's HospitalAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalLloyd N Friedman, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineYale School of MedicineScott L Friedman, MDFishberg Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiElliot M Frohman, MD, PhD, FANA, FAANDistinguished Senior FellowLaboratory of Neuroimmunology, Stanford University School of MedicineTeresa C Frohman, MSPA, PA-C, FANAAssociate Professor of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and NeurosurgeryCo-Director of the MS and Neuroimmunology Center Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at AustinErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteHarold Frucht, MDFormer Founding Director Pancreas Cancer Prevention & Genetics ProgramColumbia Colon Cancer Prevention ProgramColumbia UniversityMichael Frumovitz, MD, MPHProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterSusan Fuchs, MDProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineKeiichi Fujiwara, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologySaitama Medical UniversityEri f*ckaya, MD, PhDClinical Associate Professor of SurgeryStanford UniversityDavid R Fulton, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEdmund F Funai, MDHospital Corporation of AmericaMaxwell A Fung, MDProfessor of Clinical Dermatology and PathologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSuzanne A.W. Fuqua, PhDProfessor, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineKaren L Furie, MD, MPHChair and Professor of NeurologyAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJoseph M Furman, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity of PittsburghDaniel E Furst, MDSection Editor — Treatment Issues in RheumatologyClinical professor, University of Washington, SeattleClinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyProfessor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis AssociatesGlen Gabbard, MDProfessor of PsychiatrySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityClinical Professor of PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicineJeffrey Gaca, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryDuke University Medical SchoolAngelo L Gaffo, MD, MsPHRheumatology Section ChiefBirmingham VA Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamDavid F Gaieski, MDProfessorSidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityStéphanie Gaillard, MD, PhDDirector, Gynecologic Cancer TrialsAssistant Professor, Oncology and Gynecology & ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSheila Galbraith, MDMayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire, WisconsinFrance Galerneau, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineMarissa C Galicia-Castillo, MD, MSEd, CMD, FACPSue Faulkner Scribner Professor of GeriatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolMedical Director, Palliative MedicineSentara Norfolk General HospitalScott A Gallagher, MDEmergency Physician, Aspen Valley Hospital, Aspen, COPhysician Advisor, Mountain Rescue Aspen, Aspen, CO Senior Clinical Instructor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineMatthew Gammons, MDSection Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related InjuriesMedical Director of Sport MedicineVermont Orthopaedic ClinicVanthaya Gan, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterRajesh T Gandhi, MD, FIDSASection Editor — Opportunistic InfectionsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHayley Gans, MDProfessorStanford University Medical CenterChristopher Gappy, MDClinical InstructorUniversity of MichiganAlan M Garber, MD, PhDProvost/Harvard UniversityDavid A Garcia, MDSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJuan Carlos Garcia-Pagán, MD, PhDSenior Consultant in Hepatology, Head Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab,Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd Associate ProfessorUniversity of BarcelonaJoseph A Garcia-Prats, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMatthew F Gardiner, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolAlan D Garely, MD, FACOG, FACSChair of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryMount Sinai South NassauProfessor, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRockville Centre ManhattanSusan L Garetz, MD, MSProfessor Emeritus Clinical Professor Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Neurology Sleep Disorders CenterUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAmit Garg, MD, FAADProfessor, Department of DermatologyDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellRavindra Kumar Garg, MD, DM, FRCPProfessor and Head Department of Neurology King George Medical UniversitySeema Garg, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel-HillAileen Gariepy, MD, MPH, MHSDirector of Complex Family PlanningDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineJoseph Metmowlee Garland, MD, AAHIVSAssociate Professor of MedicineWarren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityChristine D Garner, PhD, RD, CLCAssistant Professor, Department of PediatricsTexas Tech University School of MedicineIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAnthony Gaspari, MDProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous BiologySidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson UniversityCarl Michael Gay, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorThoracic/Head & Neck Medical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBradley N Gaynes, MD, MPHProfessor of Psychiatry, Associate Chair for Psychiatry Research Training and Education University of North Carolina School of MedicineRobert Gaynes, MDDistinguished Physician and Professor EmeritusEmory University School of MedicineRasheed A Gbadegesin, MDProfessor of PediatricsDuke University School of MedicineMark C Gebhardt, MDFrederic W. and Jane M. Ilfeld Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJohn B Gebhart, MD, MSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of UrogynecologyMayo ClinicKelly Gebo, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDaniel Geersen, MPAP, PA-CDivision of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterRobert L Geggel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDouglas Gelb, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAmy A Gelfand, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics Director of Pediatric HeadacheUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey M Gelfand, MD, MAS, FAANAssociate Professor of Clinical NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichael S Gelfand, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicineAlan C Geller, RN, MPHSenior LecturerSocial and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthShamir Geller, MDSenior PhysicianDepartment of Dermatology at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel Aviv University's Sackler Medical SchoolAndres Gelrud, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoAndrew Gennery, MDProfessor/ConsultantNewcastle UniversityAlex George, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, PediatricsBrenner Children's HospitalWake Forest UniversityJames N George, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterSuku George, MD, MPH, FACP, FACGClinical Assistant ProfessorMedical College of GeorgiaGI Specialists of GeorgiaTracy I George, MDProfessorDepartment of PathologyUniversity of UtahDemetra Georgiou, Principal Genetic Counsellor (GCRB)Principal Genetic Counselor, Genomic Medicine Imperial College Healthcare (Charing Cross Hospital)Lynn B Gerald, PhD, MSPHVice Chancellor for Population HealthOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois, ChicagoBernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP, MACCEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Coronary Heart Disease; Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineDavid M Gershenson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJeffrey E Gershenwald, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgery and Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMargaret Gerteis, PhDSenior ResearcherMathematica Policy ResearchLarisa J Geskin, MDProfessor of DermatologyColumbia UniversityWilliam A Ghali, MD, MPHProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Community Health SciencesUniversity of Calgary, CanadaKhalil G Ghanem, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDeputy Director of EducationJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterAlessandro Ghidini, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterChandak Ghosh, MD, MPHSenior Ophthalmologist/Instructor of MedicineDepartment of Social MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTanya Ghosh, MDDepartment of OphthalmologyPalo Alto Medical FoundationElsa-Grace Giardina, MD, MS, FACC, FACP, FAHAProfessor of MedicineDirector, Center for Women’s Health Columbia University Medical CenterMarc J Gibber, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineChristopher H Gibbons, MD, MMSc, FAANAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam E Gibbons, MDProfessorDivision of Reproductive EndocrinologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalAllan Gibofsky, MD, JD, FACP, FCLMProfessor of Medicine, Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineAttending Rheumatologist and Co-Director, Clinic for Inflammatory Arthritis and Biologic TherapyHospital for Special SurgeryAttending PhysicianNew York Presbyterian HospitalConsultant PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterC Michael Gibson, MS, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael K Gibson, MD, PhD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector of Translational Research for Head and Neck OncologyDirector of Esophagogastric Malignancies ProgramVanderbilt UniversityAnne BS Giersch, PhDAssistant Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolRamyar Gilani, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineDonald L Gilbert, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and Neurology; Director, Movement Disorders and Tourette Syndrome ClinicsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMark A Gilger, MDPediatrician-in-Chief, Emeritus, Children's Hospital of San AntonioProfessor and Residency Program Director, Baylor College of MedicineAnne C Gill, DrPH, MS, RNProfessor of Pediatrics and Medical EthicsBaylor College of MedicineJames R Gill, MDChief Medical Examiner, State of ConnecticutClinical Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineJonathan Gillen-Goldstein, MDDirector of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapyfor Madonna Perinatal AssociatesMineola, NYSusan L Gillespie, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineOlivia Gillion Boyer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsPediatric Nephrology, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceDonna Gilmour, MD, FRCSCAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDalhousie UniversityElizabeth S Ginsburg, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDomenico Girelli, MD, PhDUniversity of VeronaProfessor of Internal MedicineMichael Gitlin, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Michael M Givertz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBertil Glader, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicinePhyllis Glanc, MD, FRCPC, FACRProfessor of Radiology, Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of TorontoNicole Glaser, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicinePatrick Gleeson, MDPost-Doctoral FellowSection of Allergy and Immunology, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care DivisionHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaCatherine Glenn, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychologyOld Dominion UniversityChristopher C Glisson, DO, MS, FAANMedical Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology ProgramMercy Health Hauenstein NeurosciencesAssistant Professor, Department of Neurology and OphthalmologyMichigan State UniversityStephen J Gluckman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePraveen S Goday, MBBSProfessor, Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionNationwide Children's HospitalAndrew Goddard, MDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry, UCSFUCSF Fresno Medical Education & Research ProgramJerome Goddard, PhDExtension Professor of Medical and Veterinary EntomologyMississippi State UniversityLaura M Goetzl, MD, MPHProfessor and Vice Chair of Translational ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Texas, Houston Health SciencesBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterLaura A Goguen, MDAssociate Professor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBenjamin D Gold, MD, FAAP, FACGPartner, GI Care for KidsPartner, Children's Center for Digestive HealthcareDavid J Goldberg, MDClinical Professor of Dermatology and Director of Laser Research Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NYEric Goldberg, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineLynne J Goldberg, MDProfessor of Dermatology and Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University School of MedicineMarcia B Goldberg, MDProfessor of Medicine (Microbiology)Harvard Medical SchoolAry L Goldberger, MDSection Editor — ElectrocardiographyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDon L Goldenberg, MDSection Editor — Pain Disorders in RheumatologyEmeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineAffiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science UniversityAffiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences UniversityIlona T Goldfarb, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRose H Goldman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Professor of Environmental Health SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthAdam O Goldstein, MD, MPHProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillBeth G Goldstein, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCathy A Goldstein, MDSection Editor — Circadian Rhythm DisordersAssistant Professor, NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Sleep Disorders CenterLarry B Goldstein, MD, FAAN, FANA, FAHAProfessor and Chairman of Neurology Co-Director, Kentucky Neuroscience Institute KY Clinic - University of KentuckySteven R Goldstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineBreanne Golemiec, BScHQueen's UniversityKarl C Golnik, MD, MEdClinical ProfessorUniversity of CincinnatiThomas A Golper, MDSection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterMehra Golshan, MD, MBA, FACSProfessor of Surgery (Oncology)Yale School of MedicineDavid Goltzman, MDProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversitySenior Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreErika Gonzalez-Reyes, MDAssociate Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterHoward P Goodkin, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and Pediatrics and Director, Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of VirginiaAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponseAdrian Gooi, MD, FRCS(C)Assistant ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaAdam J Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAMProfessor of Medicine and PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineDavid A Gorelick, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineAnkush Gosain, MD, PhD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery and PediatricsChildren's Foundation Research InstituteLe Bonheur Children's HospitalUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterKaoru Goshima, MDProfessor, SurgeryUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences CenterCarmen Gota, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityJason Gotlib, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineCollin S Goto, MDPediatric Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyJon Gould, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinMichael K Gould, MD, MSProfessor, Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of MedicineW. Adam Gower, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineGaurav Goyal, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology-OncologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamVikas Goyal, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDDepartment of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Gold Coast HealthAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyEmmy Graber, MD, MBAClinical InstructorNortheastern UniversityMark A Graber, MD, MSHCE, FACEPProfessor Emeritus of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineWilliam J Gradishar, MDProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityWilliam M Grady, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterBarney S Graham, MD, PhDFormer Deputy DirectorViral Pathogenesis ResearchBethesda, MDLeah Gramlich, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaLeslie C Grammer, MDProfessor of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineDorothy K Grange, MDProfessor of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineGilbert J Grant, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyNew York University School of MedicineHelmut Grasberger, MDResearch Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MichiganAna M Grau, MD, FACSAssociate ProfessorVanderbilt UniversityJocelyn R Gravlee, MDClinical Associate Professor of Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineHeidi J Gray, MDProfessor and ChiefDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDept of OB/GYNUniversity of WashingtonJermaine E Gray, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterF Anthony Greco, MDMedical DirectorSarah Cannon Cancer CenterAlexander R Green, MD, MPHFamily Health Center of WorcesterClayton B Green, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of RochesterRobert C Green, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBenjamin Greenberg, MD, MHSDirector, Transverse Myelitis, Neuromyelitis Optica and Pediatric Demyelinating Disease ProgramUT Southwestern Medical CenterChildren's Medical Center DallasJames Greenberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAlbert Greene, PhDEntomologist and National IPM Coordinator (retired)US General Services AdministrationSpencer Greene, MD, MS, FACEP, FACMT, FAACT, FAAEMClinical ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of MedicineDirector of ToxicologyHCA Houston Healthcare - KingwoodDavid Greenes, MDClinical Assistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSaul P Greenfield, MDProfessor of Urology and PediatricsZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellAttending Urologist, Cohen Children’s HospitalPatricia Greenstein, MB, BChAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey Greenwald, MDMassachusetts General Hospital, Core Educator Faculty, Department of MedicineAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAndrew J. M. Gregory, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationVanderbilt University School of MedicTeri M Greiling, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyOregon Health & Science UniversityAnn Griffen, DDS, MSSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of Pediatric DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseyMadeleine Grigg-Damberger, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineSophie Grigoriadis, MD, MA, PhD, FRCPCAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Sciences CentrePearl E Grimes, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity Of California, Los AngelesWilliam Grobman, MDSection Editor — Maternal-Fetal MedicineProfessor, Wexner School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Ohio State UniversityFran Grodstein, ScDEpidemiologistRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical CenterAdjunct Professor of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthFloris Groenendaal, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neonatology, Department of NeonatologyWilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center UtrechtMarion Groetch, MS, RD, CDNDirector of Nutrition ServicesJaffe Food Allergy InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMegan Groh Miller, MDPrimary Care Sports Medicine SpecialistUPMC Tri-Rivers Musculoskeletal CentersHead Team PhysicianSlippery Rock UniversityAlexei A Grom, MDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of RheumatologyMarkus Grompe, MDProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health Sciences UniversityErin L Gross, DDS, PhD, MSAssistant Professor-ClinicalThe Ohio State University College of DentistryThomas G Gross, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsColorado University School of MedicineShilpa Grover, MD, MPH, AGAFSenior Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolPeter Grubel, MDMercyOne Medical Center, GastroenterologyDes Moines, IowaAmos Grunebaum, MD, FACOGAssociate Director Obstetric QualityNorthwell HealthEyal Grunebaum, MDProfessor in PediatricsUniversity of TorontoMoises Guelrud, MDJackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami Miller School of MedicineNicholas G Guerina, MD, PhDAssistant Clinical ProfessorAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityTheresa W Guilbert, MDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital & Medical CenterDebra Guinn, MD, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMaternal Fetal Medicine Division DirectorObstetrical Services Medical DirectorDept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s HealthUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineMonica Guma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoAditi Gupta, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterDeepti Gupta, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics (Dermatology)Department of Pediatrics and Division of DermatologySeattle Children's HospitalUniversity of Washington School of MedicineKalpana Gupta, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineChief, Infectious DiseasesBoston VA HCSRenu Gupta, MDLecturerUniversity of TorontoRenuka Gupta, MD, FHM, FACPAssistant ProfessorNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineSandeep K Gupta, MDVisiting Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionKathleen M Gura, PharmD, BCNSP, FASHPAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSandeep Gurbuxani, MBBS, PhDAssociate Professor, Section of Hematopathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoRobert E Gutman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and UrologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterFellowship DirectorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryWashington Hospital CenterGordon Guyatt, MDSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MedicineMcMaster UniversityAutumn Chandler Guyer, MDAssistant Adjunct ProfessorMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterPeter Hackett, MDAltitude Research CenterDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, ColoradoM. Tye Haeberle, MDClinical InstructorDivision of Dermatology, University of LouisvilleHope K Haefner, MDHarold A. Furlong Professor of Women's HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Michigan MedicineBevra H Hahn, MDProfessor of Medicine (emeritus) in RheumatologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLARobert G Hahn, MD, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSihoun Hahn, MD, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's HospitalSadia Haider, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Family PlanningRush University Medical CenterJohn D Hainsworth, MDChief Scientific OfficerSarah Cannon Research InstituteAmy B Hair, MDAssistant Professor, Director of Neonatal NutritionTexas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of MedicineSusan M Halbach, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatric MedicineSeattle Children’s HospitalAnn C Halbower, MDProfessor, Pediatric Pulmonary SectionUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital ColoradoMeghana G Halkar, MBBSMayo ClinicJanet E Hall, MDReproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolClinical Director, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesMederic M Hall, MDClinical Professor of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUI Sports Medicine, University of IowaMichael J Hall, MD, MSChair, Department of Clinical GeneticsProfessor, Department of Clinical GeneticsFox Chase Cancer CenterRussell P Hall, III, MDJ Lamar Callaway Professor and Chair, Department of DermatologyDuke University Medical CenterJacquelyn V Halliday, MSGenetic Counselor, Prenatal Diagnosis CenterWomen and Infants HospitalAllan Halpern, MD, MScMemberMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterJohn M Halphen, JD, MDAssociate Professor of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineThe University of Texas' TEAM Institute at HoustonShona Halson, PhDSchool of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AustraliaDerrick Hamaoka, LtCol, USAF, MC, FSAssociate ProfessorUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesShihab Hameed, BSc, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney Children's HospitalHead of Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore HospitalConjoint Senior Lecturer, University of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's HealthClinical Senior Lecturer, University of Sydney, Northern Clinical SchoolMatthew Hamill, MB ChB, PhD, FRCPAssistant Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineDaniel L Hamilos, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPhysicianMassachusetts General HospitalRobert G Hamilton, PhD, DABMLI, FAAAAIProfessor of Medicine and PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineS Sutton Hamilton, MDAssistant DirectorInspira-Woodbury Family Medicine ResidencyJean M Hammel, MDVice ChairmanDepartment of Emergency MedicineNorwalk Hospital/Nuvance Health SystemGary D Hammer, MD, PhDMillie Schembechler Professor of Adrenal CancerUniversity of MichiganHeinz F Hammer, MDAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University Graz, AustriaMargaret R Hammerschlag, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterCassing Hammond, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics & GynecologyNorthwestern UniversityM Elizabeth H Hammond, MD, FCAPProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePedram Hamrah, MDNew England Eye Center/Tufts Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicineAmir H Hamrahian, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismJohns Hopkins UniversityDennis P Han, MDClinical Professor of OphthalmologyMedical College of WisconsinMeiLan King Han, MD, MSSection Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPDProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterJennifer L Hand, MDSection Editor — GenodermatosesAssociate Professor of Dermatology, Medical Genetics, and PediatricsMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNVictoria L Handa, MDProfessor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins UniversityEvangeline B Handog, MDConsultant, Department of DermatologyAsian Hospital and Medical CenterGeorge Handzo, BCC, CSSBBDirector of Health Services Research & QualityHealthCare Chaplaincy, New York, NYJane S Hankins, MD, MSMemberDepartment of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalGillian E Hanley, PhDFaculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia.Allison M Hanlon, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyMohs Dermatologic SurgeryVanderbilt UniversityRobert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACSProfessor Emeritus, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaHordur S Hardarson, MDPhysician, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesDomus Medica Health ClinicSusan M Harding, MD, FCCP, AGAFSection Editor — Diagnostic TestingProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamAbilash Haridas, MD, FAANSChief of Pediatric NeurosurgeryCerebrovascular & Skull Base NeurosurgerySt. Joseph Children's HospitalMalini Harigopal, MDProfessor of PathologyYale University School of MedicineSeth P Harlow, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineMarvin Harper, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolNancy S Harper, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineDirector, Otto Bremer Trust Center for Safe and Healthy ChildrenJennifer Harrington, MBBS, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health NetworkHolly K Harris, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineIan Harris, AM, MBBS, MMed(Clin Epi), MSc(HDS), PhDProfessor of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW SydneyProfessor, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneyDirector, Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchIsiah D Harris, MD, MScAuthor/Director of Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityDivision of Recurrent Pregnancy LossSpring FertilityJason B Harris, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLynnette L Harris, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSarah Harris, MD, MSFellowDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineWake Forest Baptist HealthPaul Harrison, PhDAssociate ProfessorInstitute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, UKGriffith R Harsh, IV, MD, MBAProfessor and Chairman, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, DavisCarol Hartigan, MDMedical DirectorNew England Baptist Hospital Spine Center Assistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolKaren Hartwell, MDAssociate ProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaJacob C Hartz, MD, MPHInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAttending Clinician, Boston Children's Hospital Department of CardiologyBrian S Harvey, DOSports Medicine Center | Pediatric Sports MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas City Associate Program Director, Pediatric Sports Medicine FellowshipAssistant Professor | UMKC School of MedicineRichard Alan Harvey, PhDFormer Consultant Clinical Biochemist/Honorary LecturerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonCristina Has, MDDepartment of Dermatology,Medical Center - University of Freiburg, GermanyRodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineUTHealth, McGovern Medical SchoolBrian P Hasley, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterElizabeth Hatch, PhDProfessor of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthRobert L Hatch, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJohn R Hatzenbuehler, MD, FACSMSt. Luke's Wood River Family MedicineJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalHoward W Hauptman, MDChief of RheumatologyGreater Baltimore Medical CenterKenan Haver, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJason E Hawkes, MD, MS, FAADAssociate Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisMary Hawn, MDStanford Medicine Professor in SurgeryStanford UniversityElena B Hawryluk, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolCurtis W Hayes, MDProfessor Emeritus of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVCU School of MedicineDaniel F Hayes, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineEdward J Hayes, MDClinical Adjunct Assistant ProfessorObstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthRodney A Hayward, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of MichiganC Mary Healy, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineKennon Heard, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineNia Heard-Garris, MD, MSc, FAAPAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Academic General Pediatrics and Primary CareAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoDepartment of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMichele Heath, LP, CCPPerfusionistDurham VA Medical CenterPamela Hebbard, MD, FRCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare ManitobaHolly L Hedrick, MDLouise Schnaufer Endowed Chair in Pediatric SurgeryProfessor of SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaWilliam G Heegaard, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Minnesota School of MedicineAlan C Heffner, MDDirector of Critical Care Director of ECMO Services Pulmonary and Critical Care Consultants Department of Internal Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Carolinas Medical CenterProfessorAtrium Health and University of North Carolina School of MedicineJohn E Heffner, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityProvidence Portland Medical CenterMitchell T Heflin, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineWouter JK Hehenkamp, MD, PhDGynaecologistVU University Medical Center, AmsterdamJennifer Heimall, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaMeadow Heiman, MS, LCGC, CCRCGenetic CounselorIndiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterSimon M Helfgott, MDSection Editor — General Rheumatology and Related TopicsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolYolanda R Helfrich, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolWayne JG Hellstrom, MDProfessor of UrologyChief, Section of AndrologyTulane University Health Sciences CenterC William Helm, MD, MBBChir, FRCS, MRCOGConsultant Gynaecological OncologistLeslie Hendeles, PharmDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of FloridaVictoria Hendrick, MDClinical ProfessorDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLARobert G Hendrickson, MD, FACMT, FAACTSection Editor — ToxicologyMedical Director, Oregon Poison CenterProgram Director, Fellowship in Medical Toxicology ProfessorDepartment of Emergency MedicineOregon Health and Science University (OHSU)D Taylor Hendrixson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonCharles H Hennekens, MD, DrPHFirst Sir Richard Doll Professor & Senior Academic Advisor to the Dean, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic UniversityClinical Professor, Nova Southeastern UniversityVoluntary Professor, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineAdjunct Professor, Meharry Medical College and Baylor College of MedicineKara Hennelly, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineWashington University School of MedicineWilliam L Henrich, MD, MACPProfessor of MedicinePresident of the Health Science CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center School of MedicineN Lynn Henry, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMartee L Hensley, MD, MScAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical OncologyMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAlbert C Hergenroeder, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent SportsProfessor & Chief of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineVivian P Hernandez-Trujillo, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsHerbert Wertheim School of MedicineFlorida International UniversityChristina Hernon, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine & Medical ToxicologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolChristina A Herrera, MD, MCSIAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillHolly Herrington, MS, RD, LDN, CDEAdvanced Clinical DietitianDigestive Health CenterCenter for Lifestyle Medicine and Bariatric SurgeryDaniel M Herron, MD, FACS, FASMBSThe Salky Professor of SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRay E Hershberger, MDProfessor of Medicine (Cardiology and Human Genetics)Ohio State UniversityAndrew D Hershey, MD, PhD, FAAN, FAHSEndowed Chair and Director of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterProfessor of Pediatrics and NeurologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineMichael Hertl, MDProfessor and Chairman - Department of Dermatology and AllergologyPhilipps-Universität, Marburg GermanyThomas J Herzog, MDDeputy DirectorUniversity of Cincinnati Cancer CenterHelai Hesham, MD, FACOGAssistant ProfessorColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsPaul J Hesketh, MDSection Editor — Supportive CareDirector, Lahey Health Cancer InstituteDirector, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineDean Hess, RRT, PhD, FAARC, FCCMManaging EditorLecturerNortheastern UniversityRespiratory Care, Massachusetts General HospitalJohn R Hess, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRoschelle A Heuberger, PhD, RDNProfessor of Nutrition and DieteticsCentral Michigan UniversityTamara Hew-Butler, DPM, PhD, FACSMAssociate Professor, Exercise and Sports Science College of Education, Wayne State UniversitySylvia Hewitt, MSSenior Research Associate, Pregnancy & Female Reproduction, Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, RDBLNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthLloyd A Hey, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineAssociate Professor, North Carolina State University, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringPatricia L Hibberd, MD, PhDChair, Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthAnna Maria Hibbs, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsCare Western Reserve UniversitySusan Hickenbottom, MD, MSAdjunct Associate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganDirector, Stroke ProgramSt. Joseph Mercy Health SystemCharles B Hicks, MDProfessor of Medicine (Voluntary Faculty)University of California, San DiegoJohn Hicks, MD, DDS, PhDProfessorDepartment of PathologyBaylor College of MedicineWhitney A High, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineLeslie M Higuchi, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolZiyad M Hijazi, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACC, MSCAI, FAHA, FPICSProfessor of Pediatrics & Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineChief Medical Officer & Chair, Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesDoha, QatarKarl F Hilgers, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Hypertension ResearchFriedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-NurembergVice Chair, Department of Nephrology and HypertensionErlangen University HospitalHarry R Hill, MDEmeritus Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics and Adjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineIvor D Hill, MDProfessor of PediatricsSection Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionNationwide Children's HospitalKevin Hill, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric CardiologyDuke University School of MedicineLinda Hill, MD, MPHDistinguished ProfessorHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San DiegoKatherine P Himes, MD, MSCRAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineOlaf Hiort, MDProfessorUniversity of LübeckIkuo Hirano, MDProfessor of Medicine, Gastroenterology DivisionNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineAriel Hirsch, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyBoston University Medical CenterIrl B Hirsch, MDSection Editor — Diabetes MellitusProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMichael Hirsch, MDInstructor in PsychiatryHarvard Medical Schoolf*cki M Hisama, MDProfessor of Medicine (Medical Genetics)University of Washington School of MedicineAdam B Hittelman, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Urology, Chief Pediatric UrologyYale School of MedicineMichelle A Hladunewich, MD, FRCPC, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMark A Hlatky, MD, FACC, FAHAProfessor of Health Research and Policy, Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)Stanford University School of MedicineCharles C Ho, MDStaff AnesthesiologistBeverly Anesthesia AssociatesChristine A Ho, MD, FAAOS, FAOA, FAAPProfessor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolStaff Orthopaedist, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for ChildrenDivision Director, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Health DallasJacqueline Ho, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaVanessa P Ho, MD, MPH, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryAssistant Professor of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesMetroHealth Medical CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineAlejandro Hoberman, MDDistinguished Service Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineLauri Hochberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Imaged Based Gynecology ServiceUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineEmmilia Hodak, MDHead, Department of DermatologyRabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelRichard A Hodin, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHelen Hoenig, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine/GeriatricsDuke University School of MedicineChief - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ServiceDurham VA Medical CenterHenry T Hoffman, MD, MS, FACSProfessor of OtolaryngologyUniversity of IowaMitchel S Hoffman, MDProfessorMoffitt Cancer CenterUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineRichard M Hoffman, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineRobert J Hoffman, MDMedical Director, Qatar Poison CenterDepartment of Emergency MedicineSidra MedicineRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineStefan G Hofmann, PhDProfessor of PsychologyBoston UniversityG Justus Hofmeyr, MDProfessorUniversity of BotswanaUniversity of the WitwatersrandWalter Sisulu University, South AfricaSara R Hogan, MDHealth Sciences Clinical InstructorDivision of DermatologyUniversity of California Los AngelesChristoph Högenauer, MDAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University Graz, AustriaDaniel Hohl, MDFull ProfessorLausanne University HospitalElizabeth L Hohmann, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian D Hoit, MDProfessor of Medicine and Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of ClevelandTheresa Hoke, PhD, MPHDirectorHealth Services ResearchFHI 360Eric H Holbrook, MDAssociate Professor, Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision Chief of RhinologyMassachusetts Eye and EarCynthia Holcroft Argani, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSteven M Holland, MDDirector, Intramural ResearchNIAIDLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MDJudd E Hollander, MDSenior Vice President for Healthcare Delivery Innovation, Jefferson HealthProfessor, Department of Emergency MedicineSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityNicholas Holmes, MDSenior Vice President, Chief Operating OfficerRady Children's Hospital San DiegoChristine H Holschneider, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAStephen R Holt, MD, MS, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineYale School of MedicineLori R Holtz, MD, MSPHAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicinePaul E Holtzheimer, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and SurgeryThe Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthMunther K hom*oud, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineAngela M Hong, MBBS, MMed, PhD, FRANZCRMelanoma Institute Australia, The University of SydneyHerbert Hönigsmann, MDProfessor of Dermatology, Emeritus Chairman Medical University of Vienna, AustriaChristopher T Hood, MDClinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan W.K. Kellogg Eye CenterEwout J Hoorn, MD, PhDProfessor of NephrologyErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsW Keith Hoots, MDDirector, Division of Blood Diseases and ResourcesNational Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandEric Hoppa, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineRichard T Hoppe, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyStanford University School of MedicineAlison G Hoppin, MDDeputy Editor — UpToDate, PediatricsMaria Hordinsky, MDSection Editor — Hair and Scalp DiseaseChair and Professor - Department of DermatologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolLesley D Hordon, MDConsultant in RheumatologyUniversity of Leeds, United KingdomKimberly A Horii, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy HospitalFrancis J Hornicek, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair, Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineVisiting Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUCLA Health, David Geffen School of MedicineMark D Hornstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNeil S Horowitz, MDCo-Director, New England Trophoblastic Disease CenterAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Clinical Research, Gynecologic OncologyBrigham and Women's HospitalC Robert Horsburgh, Jr, MD, MUSProfessor of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and MedicineBoston University School of Public HealthTerzah M Horton, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineMara J Horwitz, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSteven Horwitz, MDAssociate Attending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterEric W Hossler, MDAssociateDepartments of Dermatology and PathologyGeisinger Medical CenterRobert W Hostoffer, DO, LhD, MSMed, MBA, FACOP, FAAP, FACOI, FCCPAssociate ProfessorCase Western Reserve UniversityProfessorLake Erie College of Osteopathic MedicineChristopher P Houk, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorgia Regents UniversityJonathan Howard, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and PsychiatryNYU Langone School of MedicineRenee M Howard, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoAllyson S Howe, MD, FAAFP, CAQ Sports MedicineAssistant Professor of Family and Sports MedicineTufts UniversityWilliam Howe, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineJoy D Howell, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCharlotte Höybye, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of EndocrinologyKarolinska InstituteGeorge J Hruza, MDAdjunct Professor of Dermatology and OtolaryngologySt. Louis University School of MedicineChi-yuan Hsu, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoDeborah C Hsu, MD, MEdAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoward Hu, MD, MPH, ScDAffiliate Professor, University of WashingtonProfessor & Flora L. Thornton ChairKeck School of Medicine of USCUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLinden Hu, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicinePatty P Huang, MDAttending Physician, Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaHeather Huddleston, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesCenter for Reproductive HealthDivision of Reproductive Endocrine and InfertilityObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)John T Huggins, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaJeremy M Hugh, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorStony Brook UniversityBrenna L Hughes, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke UniversityDerralynn Hughes, MDProfessor, Experimental HematologyUniversity College LondonRoyal Free Hospital LondonWarner K Huh, MDMargaret Cameron Spain Chair in Obstetrics/GynecologyProfessor, Division of Gynecologic OncologySenior Scientist, UAB Comprehensive Cancer CenterChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMenno V Huisman, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsThierry A.G.M. Huisman, MD, PD, FICIS, FACRProfessor of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, Neurosurgery and OBGYNBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USAPeter J Hulick, MD, MMSc, FACMGMedical Director, Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystemClinical Assistant Professor, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of MedicineStephen Hulkower, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChristopher Hull, MDProfessor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahRussell D Hull, MBBS, MScEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Calgary, CanadaC Scott Hultman, MD, MBA, FACSProfessor and Vice Chair of Plastic SurgeryJohns Hopkins School of MedicineLinda Humphrey, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterShannon Humphrey, MD, FRCPC, FAADClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology and Skin ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaGene G Hunder, MDSection Editor — VasculitisEmeritus ConsultantProfessor EmeritusMayo Clinic College of MedicineGary M Hunninghake, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRaegan Hunt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDivision Chief, Pediatric Dermatology DirectorTexas Children's HospitalAlice A Hunter, MDStaff OrthopedistLahey Hospital and Medical CenterHye-Chun Hur, MD, MPH, FACOGAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNancy M Hurst, PhD, RN, IBCLCAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineSara A Hurvitz, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterSameera Husain, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology in PathologyColumbia University Medical CenterClare Hutchinson, MDCM, FRCPCPediatric RheumatologistUniversity of TorontoMark R Hutchinson, MD, FACSM, FAAOSDistinguished Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoJutta Huvila, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuPeter H Hwang, MDProfessorChief, Division of RhinologyDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineRobert C Hyzy, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterRebecca Ichord, MDProfessor, Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaCheryl Iglesia, MD, FACOGProfessorDepartments of ObGyn and UrologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineMassimo Imazio, MD, FESCContract Professor of CardiologyHead of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Udine, ItalyLaurence Imhof, MDZurich University HospitalThomas H Inge, MD, PhDAkers Chair and Professor of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Colorado, Denver School of MedicineKaren Ingersoll, PhDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral SciencesUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineJohn R Ingram, MD, PhDSenior Lecturer and Consultant DermatologistDivision of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomLesley A Inker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineWendy J Introne, MDStaff Clinician, Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteSilvio E Inzucchi, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineSabah Iqbal, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of MedicineMedical Director, PM PediatricsMary Lloyd Ireland, MDAssociate Professor of Sports MedicineUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineCharles G Irvin, PhD, FERSProfessorUniversity of Vermont Department of MedicineAlan D Irvine, MD, DScProfessor of DermatologyChildren's Health Ireland and Trinity College, DublinMichael R Irwin, MDCousins Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAProfessor of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and SciencesZacharia Isaac, MDSection Editor — Soft Tissue Rheumatic DiseaseAssistant Professor in Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchStuart N Isaacs, MDAssociate ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGlenn C Isaacson, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor, Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and PediatricsLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityGeoffrey K Isbister, MDProfessor, Clinical Toxicology Research GroupUniversity of Newcastle, AustraliaPaul Ishimine, MDClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineElliot Israel, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEsther Israel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolOlav Istre, MD, PhDProfessor, Deptartment ofObstetrics and GynecologySouth Danish UniversityOdense, DenmarkUnyime Ituk, MBBS, FCARCSIAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaUniversity of IowaAnna Ivanenko, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineRonald E Iverson, Jr, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston UniversityBertrand L Jaber, MD, MS, FASNProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineAlan C Jackson, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Internal Medicine Head of the Section of NeurologyUniversity of ManitobaElizabeth Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular DiseaseUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremy D Jackson, MDProfessor and Interim ChairDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterDermatology Section ChiefG.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical CenterJonathan Jackson, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesVicki A Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatrics, Massachusetts General HospitalCo-Director Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative CareBrian P Jacob, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of SurgeryMount Sinai Medical CenterJesse T Jacob, MDProfessor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)Emory University School of MedicineHeidi Jacobe, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Texas SouthwesternBret C Jacobs, DO, MAClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Family Medicine and Community HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolEric Jacobsen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSudarshan R Jadcherla, MD, FRCP (Irel), DCH, AGAFProfessor of Pediatrics & Associate Division Chief of NeonatologyThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalAllan S Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Medical SchoolJared Jagdeo, MD, MSAssociate Professor of DermatologySUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNatalia Jaimes, MDAssistant ProfessorMiller School of Medicine, University of MiamiAjay K Jain, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and PhysiologySaint Louis UniversityOluwatosin Jaiyeoba Goje, MD, MSCRAssistant Professor of SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicMaija Jakobsson, MD, PhDAdjunct ProfessorHelsinki University HospitalHead of the Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHUCH Hyvinkää hospitalAnokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Medicine, Division of DermatologyDell Medical School/University of Texas AustinAndra H James, MD, MPHProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics & Gynecology Consulting Professor of Medicine Duke UniversityPaula James, MD, FRCPCProfessor Department of MedicineQueen's UniversityDenise J Jamieson, MD, MPHProfessor and ChairDepartment of Gynecology & ObstetricsEmory University School of MedicineIbrahim A Janahi, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill-Cornell Medical College, QatarKatherine A Janeway, MDAttending Physician of Pediatric OncologyDana Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPhilip G Janicak, MDAdjunct Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineJoseph Jankovic, MDProfessor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineLauren M Jansson, MDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineProfessor of PediatricsRobin B Jarrett, PhDElizabeth H. Penn Professor in Clinical PsychologyThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJeffrey G Jarvik, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiology and Neurological SurgeryAdjunct Professor, Health Services, Pharmacy, and Orthopedics & Sports MedicineDirector, Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonKirsi M Jarvinen-Seppo, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineJill Jasper, MDAdjunct Instructor of PediatricsUniversity of IowaAminah Jatoi, MDBetty J Foust and Parents' Professor of OncologyMayo Medical SchoolCarrie A Jaworski, MD, FAAFP, FACSMAssociate Director of Sports PerformanceSport & Exercise MedicinePark City HospitalIntermountain HealthcareNeeru Jayanthi, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Emory Sports Medicine CenterDirector, Emory Tennis MedicineSandra H Jee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of RochesterJohn L Jefferies, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHAJay Michael Sullivan Distinguished Chair in CardiologyProfessor and Chief, Division of Adult Cardiovascular DiseasesDirector, Methodist University of Tennessee Cardiovascular InstituteDirector, Methodist Cardiovascular Service LineProfessor, Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children’s HospitalJ Eric Jelovsek, MD, MMEd, MSDS, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke UniversityWilhelmina D JenkinsPatient Perspective Author – Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome#ME Action GeorgiaVictoria Jennings, PhDProfessor EmeritaGeorgetown UniversityCarole Jenny, MD, MBA, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineCraig Jensen, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicinePamela J Jensen, MDAttending PathologistTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasArun Jeyabalan, MD, MSCRAssociate Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRavi Jhaveri, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineInterim Division Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoJeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACSChair, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryMinneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalBonnie N Joe, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingChiefUCSF Breast ImagingMark D Joffe, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJacob John, MDProfessor of Community MedicineChristian Medical College Vellore, IndiaKaren E Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineKimberly S Johnson, MDProfessorDivision of Geriatric MedicineDuke University Medical CenterNatasha R Johnson, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRob Johnson, MDProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaTeam PhysicianUniversity of Minnesota AthleticsTheodore M Johnson II, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Nursing, Family Medicine, and EpidemiologyAssociate Professor of UrologyEmory UniversityInvestigator, US Department of Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham/AtlantaChristine Johnston, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBarbara L Jones, PhD, MSWProfessor of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at AustinJacqueline Jones, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeJennifer Jones, MDAssistant ProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaMaya A Jones, MD, MPHAssistant Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineChildren’s Hospital New OrleansNicola L Jones, MD, FRCPC, PhDStaff Gastroenterologist, Division of GIHN, SickKids HospitalSenior Scientist, Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research InstituteProfessor of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of TorontoJeanne A Jordan, PhDProfessorSchool of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityLori Jordan, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Neurology, and RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterJoseph Jorizzo, MDProfessor and Former (Founding) ChairWake Forest University School of MedicineProfessor of Clinical DermatologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJeffrey Joseph, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Calgary School of MedicineNaima T Joseph, MD, MPH, MADivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School, Boston MASamir V Joshi, MD, DCH, FAAPClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyCecilia Matilda Jude, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLASvena Julien, MDAssistant Professor of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDirector of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Services, Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest HospitalLowell S Kabnick, MD, RPhS, FACS, FACPhDirector of Clinical OperationsUnited Vein And Vascular CentersChristopher Kabrhel, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLisa A Kachnic, MD, FASTROChu H Chang Professor and ChairDepartment of Radiation OncologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterHerbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterEdward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)Associate Professor, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster UniversityMarshall E Kadin, MDProfessor of DermatologyBoston University School of MedicineHoward Kadish, MD, MBAProfessor of PediatricsDivision Chief, Pediatric Emergency MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineDeborah M Kado, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineSection Co-Chief, Geriatric MedicinePrimary Care & Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineDirector, VA Fellowship in Advanced Geriatrics, VA Palo Alto GRECCSusan R Kahn, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversityPeter J Kahrilas, MDProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityAmy Kaji, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAVirginia Kaklamani, MD, DScProfessor of MedicineLeader, Breast Oncology ProgramMays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioRobert E Kalb, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyState University of New York at BuffaloTheodosia Kalfa, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of MedicineJörg C Kalff, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center, BonnSarah S Kalia, ScM, CGCGenetic Counselor and PhD studentHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthDipti V Kamani, MDClinical Research SpecialistMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryKala Kamdar, MD, MS EpiAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineDavid A Kaminsky, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical CareUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineKyle Kampman, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDavid A Kane, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSunanda V Kane, MD, MSPHSection Editor — Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseProfessorMayo Clinic College of MedicineBliss Kaneshiro, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Hawaii, John A Burns School of MedicinePeter B Kang, MD, FAAP, FAANDirector, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy CenterVice Chair of Research, Department of NeurologyScholar, Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolSewon Kang, MDNoxell Professor & Chair, Department of DermatologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineStella K Kang, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Radiology and Population HealthNYU School of MedicineSouha S Kanj, MDProfessor of MedicineHead of Infectious DiseasesChairperson, Infection Control ProgramCo-director, Antimicrobial Stewardship ProgramAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterJoseph P Kannam, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRonald J Kanter, MDDirector, ElectrophysiologyMiami Children's HospitalRaffi Kapitanyan, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterJess L Kaplan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence D Kaplan, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoPeter W Kaplan, MB, FRCPProfessor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSheldon L Kaplan, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor Baylor College of MedicineMatthias A Karajannis, MD, MSChief, Pediatric Neuro-Oncology ServiceMember, Attending PediatricianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAmer Karam, MDClinical ProfessorAssociate Director and Director of OutreachDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineAdolf W Karchmer, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPritesh S Karia, PhD, MPHManager - Dermatologic Oncology Research ProgramBrigham and Women's HospitalJason Karlawish, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical Ethics and Health PolicyUniversity of PennsylvaniaKristine A Karlson, MDAssociate Professor of Community and Family Medicine and OrthopedicsDartmouth Medical SchoolS Ananth Karumanchi, MDVisiting Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolMedallion Chair in Vascular BiologyCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los AngelesClifford E Kashtan, MDProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolExecutive DirectorAlport Syndrome Treatments and Outcomes Registry (ASTOR)Stacey M Kassutto, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJulie P Katkin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAkshat Katyayan, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineJeffrey N Katz, MD, MScProfessor of Medicine and Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolLaurence Katznelson, MDAssociate Dean of Graduate Medical EducationProfessor of Neurosurgery and Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism)Stanford School of MedicineCarol A Kauffman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Fungal InfectionsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolPaul L Kaufman, MDDirector, Retina and Vitreous Disease and SurgeryThomas Eye Group, Atlanta, GAHoracio Kaufmann, MDProfessor of Neurology and MedicineNew York University School of MedicineAndrew M Kaunitz, MDProfessor and Associate ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleAnn Kavanaugh-McHugh, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineMarsha Kay, MDDirector of Pediatric Endoscopy, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionCleveland Clinic Children'sElectron Kebebew, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryChief, Division of General SurgeryHarry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton ProfessorProgram Leader, Endocrine Oncology ProgramStanford Cancer CenterSachin Kedar, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineMartha Ann Keels, DDS, PhDAdjunct Associate Professor in PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterAdjunct Professor in Pediatric DentistryUniversity of North Carolina, Adams School of DentistryBrooks Keeshin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of UtahCorinne Keet, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineYair Y Keilson, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of MedicineTouro College of Osteopathic MedicineDavid Keith, BDS, FDSRCS, DMDProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental MedicineVisiting OMFS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MAGabor Keitner, MDProfessor of PsychiatryBrown UniversityEllie Kelepouris, MD, FAHASection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicineAnn Kellams, MD, IBCLC, FAAP, FABMProfessor, Division of General PediatricsVice Chair of Clinical Affairs, Department of PediatricsDirector, UVA Breastfeeding Medicine ProgramUniversity of VirginiaMichael Keller, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Allergy and ImmunologyChildren's National HospitalMark A Kelley, MD, MACPVisiting Scholar, Harvard Business SchoolPhysician, Pulmonary-Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General HospitalCharles Kellner, MDProfessor (Adjunct)Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SCSusan Kellogg Spadt, CRNP, PhDProfessor, OBGYNDrexel University College of MedicineProfessor, Human SexualityWidener UniversityStephen Kells, PhDProfessor of EntomologyUniversity of MinnesotaCiarán P Kelly, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHillary R Kelly, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolKristen M Kelly, MDProfessor of Dermatology and Surgery University of California IrvineNancy R Kelly, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, DallasRobert Kelly, MDHead of Clinical Dermatology, Department of DermatologySt Vincent’s Hospital / Melbourne UniversityJohn M Kelso, MDSection Editor – AnaphylaxisDivision of Allergy, Asthma, and ImmunologyScripps Clinic, San Diego, CAJohn G Kelton, CM, MD, FRCPCDistinguished University ProfessorDivision of Hematology and Thromboembolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityExecutive DirectorMichael G. DeGroote Initiative for Innovation in Healthcare, McMaster UniversityStephen F Kemp, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterAlex R Kemper, MD, MPH, MSProfessor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalKathi J Kemper, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineJohn L Kendall, MD, FACEPProfessor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineStephanie Kennebeck, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineHarold L Kennedy, MD, MPHAdjunctive Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineKimberly Kenton, MD, MS, FACOG, FACSProfessor, Obstetrics & GynecologyChief, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, ILJennifer Kerns, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, San FranciscoBronwyn Kerr, MDHonorary Clinical Professor of Paediatrics and Medical GeneticsMAHSC, University of ManchesterStefan G Kertesz, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJoshua P Kesterson, MDMedical Director, Gynecologic OncologyWomen's Cancer CenterUPMC Central PAEmily Keung, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDavid A Khan, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUT Southwestern Medical CenterNadia A Khan, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, CanadaSajid A Khan, MDResearch FellowArnold Pain Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterShakila Khan, MDProfessor of PediatricsMayo Clinic College of MedicineMohit Khera, MD, MBA, MPHProfessor, Scott Department of UrologyBaylor College of MedicineRosanne M Kho, MDHead, Section of Medical Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryProgram Director, Fellowship in MIGSOb/Gyn & Women's Health InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHChaouki Khoury, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Neurology and Child NeurologyTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterNonhlanhla P Khumalo, MBChB, FCDerm, PhDProfessor, Head of DermatologyGroote Schuur HospitalThe University of Cape TownAbdul-Ghani Kibbi, MD, FACP, FAADProfessor and Chair, Department of DermatologyAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterElizabeth A Kidd, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Radiation OncologyStanford UniversityDouglas P Kiel, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDirector Musculoskeletal Research CenterHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLifeAndrew J Kienstra, MDAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsThe University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolPediatric Emergency Medicine, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasUS Acute Care SolutionsAoife Kilcoyne, MB, BCh, BAOInstructor in RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlie C Kilpatrick, MDAssociate Professor, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineSarah J Kilpatrick, MD, PhDChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAssociate Dean for Faculty Development and DiversityCedars-Sinai Health CenterArthur Y Kim, MD, FIDSAAssociate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolEllen J Kim, MDProfessor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaEugene S Kim, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineGene Kim, MDAssistant Professor of Pathology and DermatologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaJae H Kim, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineJinah Kim, MD, PhDDermatopathologistPalo Alto Medical FoundationJonathan Kim, MDPhysician, Pediatric Ocular OncologyKaiser PermanenteMimi S Kim, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of USCCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los AngelesSusan Kim, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoYoun H Kim, MDProfessor of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineMary C Kimmel, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUNC Chapel HillStephen E Kimmel, MD, MSProfessor of EpidemiologyUniversity of FloridaGretchen Kimmick, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterYukiko Kimura, MDProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineDivision Chief of Pediatric RheumatologyJoseph M Sanzari Children's HospitalHackensack University Medical CenterAlice King, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalAllison King, MD, MPH, PhDProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Division of HematologyWashington University School of MedicineBrent R King, MD, MMMProfessor of Emergency MedicineThe University of Maryland School of MedicineKatherine Yudeh King, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorPediatric Infectious DiseasesStem Cells and Regenerative Medicine CenterBaylor College of MedicineTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoSheryl Kingsberg, PhDChief, Division of Behavioral Medicine MacDonald Women’s Hospital/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterProfessor, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineWendy L Kinzler, MD, FACOGAssociate Dean, Graduate Medical EducationDesignated Institutional OfficialNYU-Langone Hospital Long IslandProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyErin M Kirkham, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric OtolaryngologyUniversity of MichiganNicole W Kittler, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey D Klausner, MD, MPHClinical Professor of Medicine, Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaBruce L Klein, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDiane Klein, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineEric A Klein, MDChairman, Glickman Urological and Kidney InstituteProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicIrwin Klein, MDProfessor of Medicine and EndocrinologyNYU School of MedicineMarisa Klein-Gitelman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyChief, Division of RheumatologyAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMonica Kleinman, MDAssociate Professor of Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolSteven Kleinman, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of British Columbia, VancouverElizabeth S Klings, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAmy D Klion, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistBaltimore, MDWilliam J Klish, MDEmeritus Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMichael Klompas, MD, MPHProfessor of Population MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaphne Knicely, MD, MEHPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineBradley P Knight, MD, FACCSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChristopher L Knight, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonKevin J Knoop, MD, MSProgram Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Riverside Regional Medical Center, Newport News, VAClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VAClinical Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed ServicesUniversity of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MDAlan P Knutsen, MDDirector, Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyDirector, Jeffery Modell Diagnostic & Research Center for Primary ImmunodeficienciesProfessor of PediatricsSt. Louis University Health Sciences CenterBhavani-Shankar Kodali, MDChief of Obstetric AnesthesiologyUniversity of Maryland Medical CenterProfessor of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineChief Safety Officer, Department of AnesthesiologyAssistant Director, Maryland Anesthesiology Program in Simulation (MAPS)Scott M Koehler, MDPhysician, Sports Medicine SpecialistAllina Health, Northfield, MinnesotaPeter R Koenig, MD, FACC, FASEAssociate Professor of PediatricsFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityHiroshi Koga, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyShinshu University School of MedicineWendy Kohlmann, MS, CGCLicensed Genetic CounselorUniversity of Utah Huntsman Cancer InstituteDonald B Kohn, MDProfessor, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Pediatrics; and Molecular and Medical PharmacologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesSarah Kohnstamm, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganTsoline Kojaoghlanian, MDAssistant ProfessorMaimonides Children's HospitalDaniel M Kolansky, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineE Anders Kolb, MDDirector, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareYuko M Komesu, MDProfessor EmeritusObstetrics, Gynecology and UrogynecologyThe University of New MexicoBarbara A Konkle, MDScientific DirectorWashington Center for Bleeding DisordersProfessor of Medicine/HematologyUniversity of WashingtonMichihiro Kono, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of Dermatology and Plastic SurgeryAkita University Graduate School of MedicineMartin Konrad, MDProfessor of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Münster, GermanyPanagiotis A Konstantinopoulos, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGynecologic Medical Oncology ProgramDana Farber Cancer InstituteJohn Koo, MDProfessor of Clinical DermatologyUniversity of California San FranciscoStephen L Kopecky, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FASPCProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicKenneth S Korach, PhDNIH Emeritus Scientist, Reproductive & Developmental Biology LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of HealthBruce R Korf, MD, PhDWayne H and Sara Crews Finley Endowed Chair in Medical GeneticsDistinguished Professor, Department of GeneticsChief Genomics OfficerThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)Associate Dean for Genomic MedicineChristian M Korff, MDHead, Pediatric NeurologyGeneva University HospitalsNeil Korman, MD, PhDProfessor of DermatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityEric HW Kossoff, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineSuresh Kotagal, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNRhonda K Kotarinos, DPT, MSKotarinos Physical Therapy, Ltd.Urogynecology Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Florida, TampaMilind J Kothari, DOProfessor of Neurology and Medical EducationVice-Chair, Faculty DevelopmentUSF Health, Morsani College of MedicineCamille N Kotton, MDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolArianne Shadi Kourosh, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Community HealthDepartment of Dermatology, Massachusetts General HospitalKrzysztof Kowal, MD, PhDDepartment of Allergology and Internal MedicineMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, PolandNeil W Kowall, MDProfessor of Neurology and PathologyBoston University School of MedicineKris V Kowdley, MD, FAASLD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFDirector, Liver Institute Northwest Clinical Professor of Medicine, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine,Washington State UniversityReinhard Kramar, MDFormer Head of Department of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen- Wels, AustriaChristopher M Kramer, MD, FACC, FAHAGeorge A. Beller MD/Lantheus Medical Imaging Distinguished Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Health SystemDonna M Krasnewich, MD, PhDProgram DirectorNational Institutes of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of HealthBaruch Krauss, MD, EdM, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEric H Kraut, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector The Ohio State University Hemostasis Thrombosis CenterAlexander Kreuter, MDHead of the Department of DermatologyHELIOS St. Elisabeth HospitalEric V Krieger, MDDirector, Adult Congenital Heart ServiceProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRanga Krishnan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryRush UniversityGuha Krishnaswamy, MD, FACP, FCCP, FACAAI, FAAAI, CC-DProfessor of Medicine and Infectious DiseasesWake Forest University School of MedicinePaul A Krogstad, MDResearch Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAFlorian Kronenberg, MDProfessor of Genetic EpidemiologyMedical University of InnsbruckDaniela Kroshinsky, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolKevin R Krull, PhDMember, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalDavid Kruse, MDPrimary Care Sports MedicineOrthopaedic Specialty InstituteJonathan B Kruskal, MD, PhDSection Editor — Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJean Krutmann, MDProfessor of Dermatology & Environmental Medicine, Director IUF – Leibniz-Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, GermanyAkiharu Kubo, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair, Division of DermatologyKobe UniversityGeoffrey Kuhlman, MD, CAQSM, FAAFPPhysicianAMITA Health Medical GroupFormer Team PhysicianUnited States National Soccer TeamsAttila Kumánovics, MDDirector, Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicKapil Kumar, MDClinical Instructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenthil Kumar, MS, FRCS (Ed), FRCS (Gen Surg), CCT (UK)Head, Department of Liver Transplantation & HPB surgeryContinental HospitalsHyderabad, IndiaRoopal V Kundu, MDProfessor of Dermatology and Medical EducationNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineGrace C Kung, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineHiroko Kunitake, MDAssistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolDennis Z Kuo, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of PediatricsJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloWendy Kuohung, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineOren Kupfer, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute at Children's Hospital ColoradoRalph Kupka, MD, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of PsychiatryMazen Kurban, MDAssociate ProfessorResearch DirectorAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterIrving Kushner, MDProfessor EmeritusCase Western Reserve UniversityRobert F Kushner, MDProfessor of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineShana Kusin, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyOregon Health and Science UniversityDavid J Kuter, MD, DPhilProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJanet L Kwiatkowski, MD, MSCEDirector, Thalassemia ProgramChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaKelly KyungHwa Park, MD, MSLAffiliate FacultyLoyola University Stritch School of MedicineAnn S LaCasce, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMario E Lacouture, MDProfessor of Medicine Cornell UniversityMemberMemorial HospitalMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAndré Lacroix, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal, Quebec, CanadaBrian E Lacy, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicJay G Ladde, MD, FACEP, FAAEMProfessor of Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida College of MedicineBlandine Laferrère, MDProfessor of Medicine, Obesity Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsLori Laffel, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolStephen LaFranchi, MDProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityDenis Lafreniere, MDProfessor and Chief of the Division of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterRuth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPMThe Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicMichelle Lai, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterTanya M Laidlaw, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMartin Laimer, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and Venereology Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSeema R Lalani, MDProfessor, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineTahaniyat Lalani, MBBS, MHSAssociate ProfessorUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesLeah Lalor, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinChristina Lam, MD, FAAP, FACMGAssistant Professor of PediatricsDivision of Genetic Medicine, University of WashingtonJoseph MC Lam, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaJ Thomas Lamont, MDEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — Anorectal Disorders and Misc. Lower GI Disease; Nutrition, Malabsorption, and Misc. Upper GI DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMegan N Landis, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineRon G Landmann, MDChief, Division of Colon & Rectal SurgeryBaptist MD Anderson Cancer CenterBruce Landon, MD, MBA, MScProfessor of Health Care Policy and MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterMark B Landon, MDRichard L Meiling Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineHelain J Landy, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineDirector, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineMedStar Georgetown University HospitalUta Landy, PhDNational DirectorRyan Residency Training ProgramFellowship in Family PlanningUniversity of California, San FranciscoRoberto M Lang, MDProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoPaul H Lange, MD, FACSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonNancy Lange-Vaidya, MD, MPHInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalTimothy R LaPine, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineAnnie Lapointe, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Montreal, CanadaAlfred A Lardizabal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNew Jersey Medical SchoolJacob C Larkin, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRegina LaRocque, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolChristine Laronga, MD, FACSProfessorMoffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaFiona Larsen, MBChB, FRACPDermatologistAnne M Larson, MD, FACP, FAASLD, AGAFClinical Professor of MedicineClinic ChiefUW Medicine/NWH HepatologyNorthwest Hospital and Medical CenterEric B Larson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonLucia E Larson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineShane L Larson, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesAnita LaSala, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics-GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterSarah Lassey, MDInstructor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolCaitlin S Latimer, MD, PhDActing Instructor in NeuropathologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterChing Lau, MD, PhDChief, Hematology Oncology at Connecticut Children's Medical Center Professor at Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Head of Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineJacob P Laubach, MD, MPPAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteIlya Laufer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineMarc R Laufer, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolShannon K Laughlin-Tommaso, MDConsultant and Assistant Professor, Division of Gynecology, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolLaura Laursen, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorRush University Medical SchoolCarl J Lavie, MD, FACC, FACP, FCCP, FESPMMedical Director, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Preventive CardiologyDirector, Exercise LaboratoriesLeslie P Lawley, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineDaryl Lawson, PT, MPT, DScAssociate ProfessorWestern Michigan UniversityElizabeth A Lawson, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRonald Laxer, MD, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoGweneth B Lazenby, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaMichelle M Le Beau, PhDProfessor Emerita of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChief Scientific Officer, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of TexasDan I Lebovic, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University, St. LouisJay Lebow, PhD, ABPPProfessor of PsychologyThe Family Institute at Northwestern and Northwestern UniversityKarin Leder, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MPH, DTMHSection Editor — Travel MedicineHead of Infectious Diseases UnitMonash UniversityAndrew G Lee, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell College of MedicineBrendan Lee, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalChristoph I Lee, MD, MSProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDale Young Lee, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorMedical Director, Clinical NutritionSeattle Children's HospitalErica Lee, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of DermatologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAssociate Attending Physician, DermatologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterHannah Lee, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMedical College of VirginiaHaur Yueh Lee, MBBS, MRCP, M Med (Int Med), FAMSAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologySingapore General HospitalDuke-NUS Medical SchoolJune A Lee, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineNew York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical CenterKimberly G Lee, MD, MS, IBCLCClinical Professor of Pediatrics (Neonatology)Medical University of South CarolinaLela Lee, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineLois K Lee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMen-Jean Lee, MDKosasa Endowed Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of HawaiiPui Y Lee, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRichard H Lee, MDProfessor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSei Lee, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSusanna I Lee, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalSuzee E Lee, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUCSF Memory and Aging CenterTeresa M Lee, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyColumbia University Medical CenterLisa Leffert, MDChief, Yale Department of AnesthesiologyNicholas M Greene, ProfessorYale MedicineEric Legome, MDProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineMount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West HospitalsVice Chair of Academic Affairs, Emergency MedicineIcahn Mount Sinai School of MedicineKristin M Leiferman, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of UtahLara M Leijser, MD, PhD, MScAssistant Professor in Neonatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteMichael D Leise, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMario M Leitao, Jr, MDAssistant MemberDivision of Gynecology Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRichard E Leiter, MD, MAAttending PhysicianDepartment of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana-Farber Cancer InstituteInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert F Lemanske, Jr, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health at Madison, WIAnthony J Lembo, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCatherine Lemière, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal Medical SchoolKrista L Lentine, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineJulie C Leonard, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsNationwide's Children's HospitalThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine andNationwide Children’s HospitalSusan D Leonard, MDAssociate Clinical Professor, Division of Geriatric MedicineUCLA Department of MedicineKimberly Glazier Leonte, PhDClearview HorizonsEdgar V Lerma, MD, FACP, FASN, FAHASGIM Peer ReviewerClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineAlyssa R Letourneau, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School Director, MGH Antimicrobial Stewardship ProgramAlexander KC Leung, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCP (UK & Ireland), FRCPCH, FAAPClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryDaniel H Leung, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineLawrence LK Leung, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationMaureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineJames L Levenson, MDProfessor of Psychiatry, Medicine, and SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineJon Levenson, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryColumbia UniversityJonathan S Leventhal, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyDirector of Oncodermatology ClinicYale University School of MedicineThellea Leveque, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor, Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJessica Levi, MDAssistant Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAssistant Professor in the Department of PediatricsBoston University/Boston Medical CenterKerry Levin, MDChairman, Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicProfessorCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineMyron J Levin, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusThomas Levin, MDAdvocate Heart InstituteAdvocate Medical GroupOak Lawn, IllinoisDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthJami C Levine, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMichael D Levine, MDDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLynne L Levitsky, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBarbara S Levy, MD, FACOGClinical Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive ScienceUCSD HealthClinical Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyGeorge Washington UniversityDeborah M Levy, MD, MS, FRCPCAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoJason Levy, MD, RDMSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMitchell Levy, MDAssistant Professor of Health Services and Psychiatric EpidemiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMoise L Levy, MDSection Editor — Pediatric DermatologyProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)Dell Medical School, University of Texas, AustinClinical Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSamuel Lévy, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of CardiologyUniversity of Marseille, FranceWilliam J Lewander, MDProfessor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsBrown UniversityE Michael Lewiecki, MDDirectorNew Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis CenterMichele D Lewis, MD, MSScAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic JacksonvilleAndrew John Li, MDCo-Director, Women’s Reproductive Cancers Center of ExcellenceDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterHealth Sciences Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAB UK Li, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyProfessor of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinSuzanne C Li, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineChris A Liacouras, MDProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCo-Director, Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic DiseasesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaTsao-Wei Liang, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityOrfeas Liangos, MD, FASNAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineHoward Libman, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolStuart M Lichtman, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRodger A Liddle, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical SchoolErica L Liebelt, MD, FACMTProfessor, Department of Pediatrics Medical and Research Director, Pharmacology and ToxicologySection of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Pharmacology & ToxicologyCollege of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Associate Medical Director, Arkansas Poison and Drug Information CenterHarris R Lieberman, PhDMilitary Nutrition DivisionUS Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicinePhillip L Lieberman, MDClinical Professor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicineJennifer Ligibel, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJean Lee Lim, MDDepartment of DermatologyKaiser Permanente Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CAKee-Hak Lim, MDClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineRobert B Lim, MD, FACS, FASMBSVice Chair of EducationOklahoma University-Physicians TulsaProfessor of SurgeryOklahoma University School of Medicine TulsaCharles J Limb, MDFrancis A Sooy ProfessorChief, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base SurgeryDirector, Douglas Grant Cochlear Implant CenterUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineKenneth W Lin, MD, MPHAssociate DirectorLancaster General Hospital Family Medicine ResidencyNancy U Lin, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDana Farber Cancer InstituteAdult OncologySteven C Lin, MD, MPHAttending Gastroenterologist Kaiser Permanente WashingtonBrian Linde, MD, MPHInstructor, Department of MedicineOccupational and Environmental MedicineYale School of MedicineOliver Lindhiem, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKeith D Lindor, MDSection Editor — Alcoholic and Metabolic Liver DiseaseProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDean, College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityMark S Link, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterPeter A Lio, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaQuinn Lippmann, MD, MPHAttending PhysicianVirginia UrologyRichmond, VirginiaSusan Lipsett, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKasia J Lipska, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology)Yale School of MedicineDan Lipsker, MD, PhDMedical FacultyUniversity of StrasbourgShane T Lipskind, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineBenjamin A Lipsky, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FRCP (London), FRCPS (Glasg)Emeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMichael J Lipson, OD, FAAO, FSLSAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganM Kathryn Liszewski, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineBabak Litkouhi, MDAssistant ProfessorStanford School of MedicineAugusto A Litonjua, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsGolisano Children's Hospital of University of Rochester Medical CenterJennifer K Litton, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterEdwin Liu, MDTaplin Endowed Chair for Celiac DiseaseProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineDirector, Colorado Center for Celiac DiseaseVincent Liu, MDClinical ProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineElizabeth Liveright, MDAssistant Professor in OB/GYNThomas Jefferson University School of MedicineMina Lobbous, MDAssistant Professor, Department of NeurologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityStaff Physician, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology CenterCleveland Clinic FoundationMichael D Lockshin, MD, MACRDirectorBarbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic DiseaseProfessor of Medicine and Obstetrics-GynecologyJoan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell UniversityCharles J Lockwood, MD, MHCMSection Editor — ObstetricsSenior Vice President, USF Health Dean, Morsani College of Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaGiovanni Lodi, DDS, PhDFull ProfessorDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental SciencesUniversity of Milan, ItalyRichard F Loeser, MDJoseph P Archie, Jr Eminent ProfessorDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and ImmunologyDirector, Thurston Arthritis Research CenterThe University of North CarolinaLaura L Loftis, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSherene Loi, MD, PhDProfessor of OncologyThe Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneAustraliaAnna SF Lok, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolGeorge F Longstreth, MDClinic GastroenterologistVeterans Administration San Diego Healthcare SystemVoluntary Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineKathleen M Loomes, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFred A Lopez, MDRichard Vial Professor and Vice ChairLouisiana State University School of MedicineMonica Esperanza Lopez, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatric SurgeryVice Chair, Surgical Quality and Evidence-based ProgramsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at VanderbiltFrancisco Lopez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, FACC, FAHAChair, Division of Preventive CardiologyProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolJose Lopez-Sendon, MD, PhDChief, Cardiology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazInstituto de Investigación La PazCharles L Loprinzi, MDRegis Professor of Breast Cancer ResearchMayo Clinic College of MedicineJulie Lord, MDAssistant Residency Training Director,University of Washington Outpatient Psychiatry ClinicKatherine Lord, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGarrett Losh, MDOtolaryngologyPrivate Practice at the Iowa ClinicJudith A Lothian, RN, PhD, LCCE, FAANProfessorSeton Hall University College of NursingTimothy E Lotze, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineDavid N Louis, MDPathologist-in-ChiefMassachusetts General HospitalBenjamin Castleman Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJudette Louis, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of South FloridaFrank LoVecchio, DO, MPH, FACEPProfessor of Clinical Medicine, Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona, Banner and Maricopa Medical CentersPhoenix Children's HospitalStefanie R Lowas, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolGillian Lowe, MA MB BChir, MRCP, FRCPathConsultant HaematologistUniversity of BirminghamRobert C Lowe, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAlexander Lowenthal, MDStaff Pediatric CardiologistSchneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelFranklin D Lowy, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsProfessor Emeritus of Medicine and Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia UniversityKaren H Lu, MDProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterQun Lu, MDConsultantMayo Clinic Hospital ArizonaTiffany Lu, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAimee L Lucas, MD, MSAssociate Professor Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDavid J Lucier, MD, MBA, MPHInstructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChair of Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalTom F Lue, MD, ScD (Hon), FACSProfessor of UrologyEmil Tanagho Endowed Chair in Clinical UrologyDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoEmily S Lukacz, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego HealthEmily Broun Lund, MDClinical Associate of Medicine in DermatologyUniversity of ChicagoPhilip J Lupo, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of Epidemiology Program, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CentersBeatrice Lupsa, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineLawrence R Lustig, MDHoward W. Smith Professor and Chair of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck SurgeryColumbia University Medical CenterDeirdre J Lyell, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineStanford University Medical CenterJeffrey M Lyness, MDSenior Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterAlice Ma, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineThe Medical Alumni Loyalty Fund Distinguished Teaching ProfessorUniversity of North CarolinaCynthia X Ma, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisNaim Maalouf, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDavid Mabey, BM, BCh, DM, FRCPProfessor of Communicable DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineMaria Juliet E Macarayo, MDConsultant, Department of DermatologyAngeles University Foundation Medical CenterGretchen MacCarrick, MS, CGCSenior Genetic Counselor, Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityJames MacDonald, MD, MPH, FAAFP, FACSMNationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Sports MedicineClinical Professor of Pediatrics and Family Medicine The Ohio State UniversityJennifer L MacGregor, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyColumbia University Medical Center, New YorkCharles G Macias, MD, MPHChief Quality Officer/Vice Chair Quality & Safety-University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve UniversityWendy Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKenneth J Mack, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsChair, Division of Child and Adolescent NeurologyMayo Clinic College Of Medicine and ScienceJulian M Mackay-Wiggan, MD, MSSiperstein Dermatology GroupJamie B MacKelfresh, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, Emory University School of MedicineAndrew P MacKenzie, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ConnecticutDirector of Maternal Fetal MedicineSt Francis Hospital and Medical CenterJoanna V MacLean, MDAssistant Professor, Clinician Educator, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityGeorge Macones, MD, MSCEProfessor and Chair, Department of Women's HealthDell Medical School-University of Texas at AustinFinlay A Macrae, MDProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaTessa Madden, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University in St. Louis, School of MedicineAndrea D Maderal, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineChristopher Madias, MDAssistant Professor Tufts University School of MedicineLawrence C Madoff, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJames M Madsen, MD, MPH, COL (ret), MC-FS, USAAdjunct Instructional Assistant Professor, University of FloridaEverett Magann, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MFM Fellowship DirectorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences (UAMS)Javier F Magrina, MDBarbara Woodward Lipps ProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Gynecologic SurgeryMayo Clinic, AZUrania Magriples, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyYale University School of MedicineUma Mahadevan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSangeeta T Mahajan, MDHead, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgerySokolov and Miller Families Endowed Chair in FPMRSProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterIan A Maher, MDAssociate ProfessorDirector of Dermatologic Surgery DivisionDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of MinnesotaSimon A Mahler, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineNeal G Mahutte, MDMedical DirectorThe Montreal Fertility CenterMary Maiberger, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyGeorge Washington UniversityHoward UniversityLisa E Maier, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of WashingtonRobert Mak, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief, Division of Pediatric NephrologyUniversity of California, San DiegoGretchen Makai, MDDirector, Minimally-Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Christiana Care Health SystemBarry Make, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish Health (NJH) and University of Colorado School of MedicineCo-Director, COPD ProgramNJHRobert Maki, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of MedicineAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaYvonne A Maldonado, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Health Research and Policy Stanford University School of MedicineAtul Malhotra, MDPeter C Farrell Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoKelly Michele Malloy, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMary E Maloney, MDProfessor of Medicine (Dermatology)University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEwelina Mamcarz, MDAssociate Member, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular TherapySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMark J Manary, MDHelene B Roberson Professor of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. LouisJess Mandel, MD, MACP, ATSF, FRCPSection Editor — Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseKenneth M. Moser Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineVice-Chair for Education, Department of Internal MedicineUC San Diego School of MedicineLaurent Mandelbrot, MDChair of Obstetrics and GynecologyLouis Mourier HospitalProfessor of MedicineUniversité de ParisLisa A Mandl, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeGeorge T Mandy, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJohn P Manis, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoint Program in Transfusion MedicineBoston Children's HospitalJohannes FE Mann, MDProfessor of MedicineFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergStephan C Mann, MD, DLFAPAPrivate practiceHarleysville, PAWilliam J Mann, Jr, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryClinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineFrank A Manning, MDMaternal-Fetal MedicineEnvision HealthcareWarren J Manning, MDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of Medicine and RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Mannino, MDDirector, Pulmonary Epidemiology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kentucky School of MedicineCatherine S Manno, MDPat and John Rosenwald, Jr. Professor and Chair, Department of PediatricsNYU School of MedicineStavros C Manolagas, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesAntonis S Manolis, MDProfessor of CardiologyAthens University School of MedicinePaul F Mansfield, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMichael K Mansour, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalKalpana Manthiram, MD, MSCIAssistant Clinical InvestigatorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthChristos Mantzoros, MD, DScProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEllen F Manzullo, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineUniversity of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterLyn March, AM, MD, PhDLiggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal EpidemiologyUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchJulie M Marchant, MBBS, FRACP, PhDAssociate ProfessorAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyPaola Marchisio, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of MilanBeatriz E Marciano, MDLaboratory of Clinical Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthErin N Marcus, MD, MPH, FACPProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineKaren J Marcus, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteLynette J Margesson, MD, FRCPC, FAADAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Obstetrics and GynecologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthAshfaq A Marghoob, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterGiancarlo Mari, MD, MBAThe Ruhlman Family Chair in Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity Hospitals,Cleveland, OHEdward R Mariano, MD, MAS, FASAProfessor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford University School of MedicineMerry Jennifer Markham, MD, FACP, FASCOProfessor and Chief, Division of Hematology & OncologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAssociate Director, Medical Affairs, UF Health Cancer CenterMaurie Markman, MDClinical Professor of MedicineDrexel University College of MedicinePresident, Medicine & ScienceCancer Treatment Centers of AmericaAlina Markova, MDAssistant ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeLawrence B Marks, MDDepartment of Radiation OncologyUNC Hospitals and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillTal Marom, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgerySamson Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevMartin S Maron, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseAssistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineLucila Marquez, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Diseases Section, Baylor College of MedicineChristina M Marra, MDProfessor of Neurology, Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)University of Washington School of MedicineRebecca Marsh, MDSection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyProfessor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCamilia R Martin, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell MedicineGregory M Martin, MDAffiliate Assistant Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Miami Leonard School of MedicineKathryn A Martin, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Endocrinology and Patient EducationAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMartin G Martin, MD, MPPProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, and NutritionDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLARichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineRichard J Martin, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthSean N Martin, DOBranch Chief, Sports Medicine Headquarters Air Force Special Operations CommandOffice of the Command SurgeonHurlburt Field, FLStephanie R Martin, DOMedical Director, Clinical Concepts in ObstetricsFernando J Martinez, MD, MSBruce Webster Professor of MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeJose Dario Martinez Villarreal, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and DermatologyUniversity Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of MedicineRenato G Martins, MD, MPHChairHematology Oncology and Palliative CareProfessorVirginia Commonwealth UniversityKiran Maski, MDInstructor, Harvard Medical SchoolClinician in Sleep and Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalJoel B Mason, MDProfessor of Medicine and NutritionTufts University Schools of Medicine and NutritionUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts UniversityCesare Massone, MDMedical Director, Dermatology UnitScientific CoordinatorGalliera Hospital, Genova, ItalyJoan M Mastrobattista, MDProfessor of Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineUltrasound Clinic ChiefDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDavid Mataix-Cols, PhDProfessor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric ScienceKarolinska InstitutetDavid B Matchar, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyDuke University Medical CenterDirector, Program in Health Services and Systems ResearchDuke-NUS Medical SchoolDietrich Matern, MD, PhD, FACMGProfessor of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics and PediatricsCo-Director, Biochemical Genetics LaboratoryMayo ClinicBarbara M Mathes, MD, FACP, FAADClinical Associate, DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaErin Mathes, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoDavid J Mathison, MD, MBASenior Vice President, Clinical Operations - PM PediatricsPediatric Emergency PhysicianAlvin M Matsumoto, MDSection Editor — Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMelissa Mattison, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCPSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of MedicineProfessor of Urology, Wayne State University School of MedicineUrsula A Matulonis, MDProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDana-Farber Cancer InstituteKaren L Maughan, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of VirginiaDev Maulik, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologySenior Associate Dean for Women's HealthThe University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of MedicineMarcus Maurer, MDProfessor of Dermatology and AllergyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, GermanyToby Maurer, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineOscar H Mayer, MDProfessor of Clinical Pediatrics, Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineRyanne J Mayersak, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineAssistant Residency DirectorOregon Health & Science UniversitySharon E Maynard, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaPaul H Mayo, MDAcademic Director Critical CareDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineNorthwell Health LIJ/NSUH Medical CenterProfessor of Clinical MedicineDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellEdward V Maytin, MD, PhDStaffDepartment of Dermatology, Cleveland ClinicRobert Mazor, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSuzan Mazor, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMara McAdams DeMarco, PhDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Population HealthNew York University Grossman School of MedicineJessica N McAlpine, MD, FACOG, FRCPSCProfessorDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of British Columbia and BC CancerRandi E McCabe, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry & Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityMark O McCarron, MD, FRCPConsultant NeurologistAltnagelvin HospitalBeth McCarville, MDDepartment of Diagnostic ImagingSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalKenneth L McClain, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of the Histiocytosis Program, Texas Children's HospitalMary McClain, RN, MSConsultant, SMART Study Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston UniversityMicah T McClain, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJohn R McConaghy, MD, CPE, FAAFPProfessor, Family MedicineVice Chair, QualityAssociate Director, Family Medicine ResidencyRardin Family PracticeMeredith C McCormack, MD, MHSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineMedical Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityElizabeth McCormick, MDHome-Based Medical Care PhysicianProspero HealthKathryn M McCreery, FRCOphth, FRCSI, MRCPIConsultant Ophthalmic SurgeonChildren's Health Ireland at Crumlin, DublinCatherine C McCuaig, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of MontrealLaurence B McCullough, PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyZucker School of Medicine of Hofstra/NorthwellEthics Scholar, Lennox Hill HospitalDaniel McDermott, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoShaunagh McDermott, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDouglas McDonald, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolRuth A McDonald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonThomas McElrath, MD, PhDProfessor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNikolaus McFarland, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neurology & Chief, Movement Disorders DivisionDepartment of Neurology, University of FloridaLaura Y McGirt, MDAdjunct Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyWake Forest University School of MedicineDermot P B McGovern, MD, PhD, FRCP (London)Joshua L and Lisa Z Greer Endowed Chair in IBD GeneticsDirector of Translational Medicine, Professor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThomas McGovern, MDFort Wayne Dermatology ConsultantsFort Wayne, INTodd McGrath, MD, CAQSMAssistant ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAssistant Attending Physician, Primary Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery, New York, NYSharon McGrath-Morrow, MD, MBAProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonaryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineChristopher McGrew, MDProfessorDepartment of Family and Community MedicineAssociate Program Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine FellowshipDepartment of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterDerek R McHaffie, MDAttending PhysicianLevine Cancer InstituteCarolinas Medical CenterJennifer J McIntosh, DO, MSAssociate Professor of Maternal Fetal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinKenneth McIntosh, MDProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJames R McKay, PhDProfessor of Psychology in PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaTiffany M McKee-Garrett, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam J McKenna, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseEmeritus Professor of CardiologyUniversity College, LondonKimberly D McLaren, MDAssistant Professor of Health Services and Psychiatric EpidemiologyUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolKatie McLaughlin, PhDDepartment of PsychologyHarvard UniversityValerie McLaughlin Crabtree, PhDChief, Psychosocial ServicesMember, Department of PsychologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalBeth N McLellan, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePatrick McMahon, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityAmy McMichael, MDProfessor of DermatologyWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterJennifer L McNeer, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's HospitalSection of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell TransplantJakob I McSparron, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineAssociate Director, Critical Care Medicine UnitProgram Director, Fellowship in Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of MichiganDennis J McTigue, DDS, MSProfessor Emeritus, Division of Pediatric DentistryOhio State UniversityKevin T McVary, MD, FACSDirector of the Center for Male Health Professor of UrologyDepartment of UrologyStritch School of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterPaul Mead, MD, MPHChief, Bacterial Diseases BranchCenters for Disease Control and PreventionRobert T Means, Jr, MD, MACPSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Internal MedicineJames H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityC Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJose R Medina-Inojosa, MD, M.ScAssistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineWilliam P Meehan, III, MDDirector of The Micheli Center for Sports Injury PreventionDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoan Y Meek, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical SciencesFlorida State University College of MedicinePhilip Mehler, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoStephanie Mehlis, MDClinical Instructor, Division of Dermatology University of Chicago, Pritzker School of MedicineBabak Mehrara, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryCornell Weill Medical CenterAnkit Mehta, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, DallasAssociate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency, Baylor University Medical Center, DallasNoshir R Mehta, DMD, MSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Public Health and Community ServiceTufts University School of Dental MedicineTejas S Mehta, MD, MPH, FACR, FSBIAssociate Professor of RadiologyDirector of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Population Health in RadiologyUMass Memorial Medical Center/UMass Chan Medical SchoolZankhana Mehta, MDDepartment of Palliative and Supportive MedicineGeisinger Medical CenterDiane E Meier, MD, FACPDirector, Center to Advance Palliative Care Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of MedicineProfessor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of MedicineJames B Meigs, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGerda Meijler, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistIsala Women and Children’s HospitalAlec L Meleger, MDAssistant Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolSpaulding Rehabilitation HospitalNewton-Wellesley HospitalShlomo Melmed, MDExecutive Vice President and DeanCedars Sinai Medical CenterProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California at Los Angeles School of MedicineSamantha Meltzer-Brody, MD, MPHAssociate Professor and Associate Chair for Faculty DevelopmentDirector, UNC Perinatal Psychiatry ProgramUNC Center for Women’s Mood DisordersLissa M Melvin, MDBaylor College of MedicineThe Children's Hospital of San AntonioSanaz Memarzadeh, MD, PhDProfessor Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLADirector G.O. Discovery LaboratoryDonna Reyes Mendez, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC) Medical School HoustonShawn A Menefee, MDVoluntary Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, San DiegoDivision HeadDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoLinyan Meng, PhD, FACMGAssistant Professor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam C Mentzer, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoDick Menzies, MD, MScProfessor of Medicine and of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMontreal Chest Institute, McGill UniversitySofia D Merajver, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAngelo Mercieri, MDInternal Medicine UnitHead Physician of Emergencies UnitBolognini Hospital, Seriate, Bergamo, ItalyMark R Mercurio, MD, MAProfessor of PediatricsChief, Neonatal-Perinatal MedicineDirector, Yale Pediatric Ethics ProgramYale University School of MedicineMelissa A Merideth, MD, MPH, FACOG, FACMGStaff Clinician, Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteDeborah P Merke, MD, MSPediatric EndocrinologistBethesda, MDPeter A Merkel, MD, MPHSection Editor — VasculitisChief, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaGeno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVMProfessor of Medicine & SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeLisa J Merlo, PhD, MPEAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaJoseph F Merola, MD, MMSc, FAAD, FACRAssociate Professor, Departments of Dermatology and MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKevin Messacar, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAndrew G Messenger, MD, FRCPProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of SheffieldGeralyn M Messerlian, PhDProfessor of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAnna H Messner, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineLaura K Metrock, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamDenise W Metry, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTorri D Metz, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveAssociate ProfessorMaternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Utah HealthFremonta L Meyer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolTheo E Meyer, MD, PhDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of Medicine Interim Chief, Cardiology University of Massachusetts Medical School UMass Memorial Medical CenterJeffrey A Meyerhardt, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDana-Farber Cancer InstituteAlain Meyrier, MDProfessor of Medicine (Emeritus)Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, FranceThomas J Mezzanotte, MDOrthopaedic TraumatologistMcLeod Regional Medical CenterShahzad I Mian, MDTerry J. Bergstrom Professor, Associate ProfessorW.K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolM Dror Michaelson, MD, PhDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDominique Michaud, Sc.DProfessorDepartment of Public Health & Community MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolRobert G Micheletti, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicineLyle J Micheli, MDDirector, Division of Sports MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalClinical Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolSecretary GeneralInternational Federation of Sports MedicineDavid Michelson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsLoma Linda UniversityNathan W Mick, MDAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineElizabeth Micks, MD, MPHAffiliate Associate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of WashingtonSaskia Middeldorp, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterAmy B Middleman, MD, MPH, MS EdSection Editor — Adolescent MedicineProfessor of Pediatrics, Chief of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterDavid E Midthun, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineBarbara Miedzybrodzki, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyMcGill UniversityRussell Migita, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolMark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorPulmonary Sciences and Critical CareAssociate Chief Medical Officer, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineStacey Milan, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterBaylor Scott and White Health (Temple, TX)Andrea Milbourne, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of TexasDaniel D Miller, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota Department of DermatologyDavid A Miller, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesDavid T Miller, MD, PhD, FACMGAssociate Professor, PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolElizabeth Miller, MD, PhD, FSAHMDirector, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult MedicineUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJami L Miller, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityJena Miller, MDAssistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyKaren K Miller, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura J Miller, MDMedical Director of Reproductive Mental HealthVeterans Health AdministrationPaul D Miller, MDDistinguished Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Health Sciences CenterRachel L Miller, MD, FAAAAIDr. David and Dorothy Merksamer Professor of Medicine (Allergy and Immunology)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRussell Miller, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMedical Director, Carmen and John Thain Center for Prenatal PediatricsDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterJohn J Millichap, MD, FAAP, FAANAdjunct Associate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNils Milman, MDDepartment of Lung TransplantationRigshospitalet, DenmarkJeffrey E Ming, MD, PhDAdjunct Assistant Professor of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChrisAnna M Mink, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJonathan W Mink, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, and NeuroscienceUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterGregory Mints, MD, FACPAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeParadi Mirmirani, MDDepartment of DermatologyThe Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo CAGinat W Mirowski, DMD, MDClinical ProfessorIndiana University School of DentistryProfessor of Clinical DermatologyIndiana University School of MedicineDana Miskulin, MDAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineMadhusmita Misra, MD, MPHFritz Bradley Talbot and Nathan Bill Talbot Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCaroline Mitchell, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School Director, Vulvovagin*l Disorders ClinicMassachusetts General HospitalJames E Mitchell, MDProfessor Emeritus - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesResearch ScientistSanford Biobehavioral Research InstituteSiraj Mithoowani, MD, MHPE, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineMcMaster UniversityOriol Mitjà, MD, PhD, DTMHAssociate ProfessorHospital Germans Trias i Pujol, University of BarcelonaManoj K Mittal, MD, ML, MRCP (UK)Professor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSahil Mittal, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineMohamed FM Mitwally, MD, HCLD, FACOGMedical DirectorReproductive Endocrinology & InfertilityBaptist Medical CenterJason S Mizell, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesShahla Modarresi, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJohn F Modlin, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Emeritus)Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLona Mody, MDAmanda Sanford Hickey Professor of Internal MedicineSheila K Mody, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoDania Mohty, MD, PhDConsultant CardiologistHeart CenterKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Professor of MedicineAlfaisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia andUniversity of Limoges, FranceKenneth J Moise Jr, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Women's HealthDirector, Comprehensive Fetal Care Center at Dell Children's Dell Medical SchoolDaren Molina, MDPediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineBruce A Molitoris, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineRaymond J Monnat, Jr, MDProfessor of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology, and Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonAna Monteagudo, MDClinical Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCarnegie Imaging for WomenSydney Montesi, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThomas J Montine, MD, PHDProfessor in PathologyStanford UniversityBrian R Moore, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterGregory P Moore, MD, JDConsultant Emergency Medicine ResidencyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNConsultant Emergency DepartmentMayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZKathleen M Moore, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Gyn OncologyStephenson Cancer CenterUniversity of Oklahoma HSCRobert H Moore, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSean R Moore, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsDirector of Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & NutritionUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineTerry L Moore, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySaint Louis UniversityStefan Moosmayer, MD, PhDConsultant Orthopedic SurgeonDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryMartina Hansens HospitalChristopher J Moran, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMaria E Moreira, MDSection Editor — Adult TraumaAssociate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineMedical Director of Continuing Education & Simulation Denver Health & Hospital AuthorityC Scott Moreland, DOClinical Assistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineLarry W Moreland, MDUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineAntonio J Moretti, DDS, MSProfessor, Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of DentistryMiriam C Morey, PhDProfessorDepartment of Medicine Co-DirectorOlder Americans Independence (Pepper) CenterAssociate Research DirectorGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDaniel M Morgan, MDAssociate ProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of MichiganJames P Morgan, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineKimberly Morish*ta, MD, MHSc, FRCPCClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Rheumatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaAkimichi Morita, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Geriatric and Environmental DermatologyNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesLeslie Moroz, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health SciencesYale School of MedicineDean Morrell, MDClinical Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillClaudia R Morris, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineThe Wilbur Fisk Glenn Jr. Distinguished Faculty Chair for Clinical & Translational ResearchEmory University School of MedicineMary E Morris, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolJ Glenn Morris, Jr, MD, MPHTMProfessor of MedicineDirector, Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaRachael Morris-Jones, FRCP, PhD, PCMEDermatology Consultant and Training Programme DirectorGuys and St Thomas Hospital and King's College LondonR Sean Morrison, MDSection Editor — Selected End Stage ConditionsHermann Merkin Professor of Palliative CareMount Sinai School of MedicineDavid A Morrow, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnne Marie Morse, DOClinical Associate Professor, Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineGeisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children's HospitalMaria Moschovi, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of AthensHoward S Moskowitz, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineEliot Mostow, MDProfessor and Chair, Dermatology SectionNortheastern Ohio University College of MedicineKiran Motaparthi, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineKathleen J Motil, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric NutritionProfessor of Pediatric NutritionBaylor College of MedicineAmy K Mottl, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineDavid B Mount, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate/Clinical Chief, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalRenal Division, VA BostonAlbeir Y Mousa, MD, FACS, MBA, MPH, RPVIProfessor, Department of SurgeryVascular and Endovascular Surgery DivisionWest Virginia UniversityMarialena Mouzaki, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineChristen Mowad, MDChair and ProfessorGeisinger Clinic, Danville, PennsylvaniaEllen Mowry, MD, MCRProfessor of Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityLeah K Moynihan, RNC, MSNReliant Medical GroupDariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPHDean of Friedman School of Nutrition Science & PolicyJean Mayer Professor of Nutrition and MedicineTufts UniversityElizabeth R Mueller, MD, MSME, FACSProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartments of Urology and Obstetrics/GynecologyLoyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMelissa Muff-Luett, MDAssistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital and Medical CenterTristi W Muir, MDChairwomanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyHouston Methodist HospitalKenneth J Mukamal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSuraj Ashok Muley, MD, FAAN, FACPMedical Director of NeuroimmunologyBob Bove Neuroscience Institute at HonorhealthMary P Mullen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityRashmi S Mullur, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAVisala Muluk, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSean W Mulvaney, MDAssociate ProfessorMilitary and Emergency MedicineUniformed University of the Health SciencesArno J Mundt, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyChairman of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San DiegoFlor M Munoz, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMedha Munshi, MDDirector of Joslin Geriatric Diabetes ProgramsBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFrancesco Muratore, MDRheumatology UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio EmiliaDavid Murdoch, MD, MSc, DTM&H, FRACP, FRCPA, FFSc(RCPA)Clinical Microbiologist and Infectious Diseases PhysicianUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchTimothy F Murphy, MDSUNY Distinguished ProfessorUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkDavid L Murray, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyConsultantMayo ClinicJohn C Murray, MDProfessor of Medicine (Dermatology)Duke University Medical CenterPamela Murray, MD, MHPAssociate Professor Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAdolescent and Young Adult MedicineInstructor, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthDedee F Murrell, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair of Dermatology, St. George HospitalUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaDaniel M Musher, MDProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineKarol Musher, MA, CCC-SLPAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyBaylor College of MedicineAmy Musiek, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineWashington University, St. LouisMichael G Muto, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJustin B Mutter, MD, MScSection Head, Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineM Kathryn Mutter, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineLeslie Myatt, PhD, FRCOGProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health and Science UniversityKasiani C Myers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune DeficiencyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterPeter J Na, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PsychiatryYale UniversityGerald V Naccarelli, MDProfessor of MedicinePenn State University College of MedicineElie Naddaf, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicCharles W Nager, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoJoshua Nagler, MD, MHPEdSection Editor — Pediatric SurgeryAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMaurice Nahabedian, MDProfessor of Plastic SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University – Inova BranchNational Center for Plastic SurgeryBindi Naik-Mathuria, MD, MPHProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchThomas A Nakagawa, MD, FAAP, FCCMProfessorUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGovind Nandakumar, MD, FACS, FASCRSChief of Gastrointestinal Surgery & GI OncosurgeryColumbia Asia Hospitals Bangalore Courtesy Faculty, Weill Cornell Medical College, New YorkSandeep K Narang, MD, JDProfessor of PediatricsChild Advocacy and Protection ServicesChildren's WisconsinRam N Narayan, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, PhoenixCreighton University School of MedicineMichael Narkewicz, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnupama Narla, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology)Stanford University School of MedicineFabio A Nascimento, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAEEG/Epilepsy Clinical FellowJames P Nataro, MD, PhD, MBABenjamin Armistead Shepherd Professor and ChairUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineSara Neal, MDProfessor of Family MedicineMoses Cone Health SystemRobert S Negrin, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineFrancesco Negro, MDProfessor of Gastroenterology and hepatologyUniversity Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandKishwer Nehal, MDProfessor of DermatologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAttending Physician, DermatologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCraig Nelson, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoLewis S Nelson, MDProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNew Jersey Poison Information & Education SystemPeter S Nelson, MDProfessor, Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterProfessor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of WashingtonCatherine Nelson-Piercy, MA, FRCP, FRCOGProfessor of Obstetric MedicineGuy's & St. Thomas Foundation TrustKenneth G Nepple, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of UrologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineGregory Ness, DDS, FACSEmeritus Professor - ClinicalCollege of Dentistry, The Ohio State UniversityRichard W Nesto, MDChief Medical OfficerBeth Israel Lahey HealthProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMark I Neuman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCindy Neunert, MD, MSCSAssociate Professor, PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterRemi Neviere, MDProfessorUniversity Hospital CHU of MartiniqueJane W Newburger, MD, MPHCommonwealth Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Newey, MDSenior Lecturer in Endocrinology, Division of Molecular & Clinical MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical School, University of DundeeNancy J Newman, MDLeo Delle Jolley Professor of OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineSara Newmann, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoAndrea K Ng, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstitutePaul T Nghiem, MD, PhDProfessor and HeadUniversity of Washington DermatologyGeorge F. Odland Chair in DermatologyCuong V Nguyen, MDAssistant Professor, Department of DermatologyNorthwestern UniversityThien T Nguyen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicinePatrick Niaudet, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of PediatricsHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceJulieana Nichols, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMaribeth R Nicholson, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterKarin Nielsen-Saines, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Infectious DiseasesUCLA Mattel Children's Hospital David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDAndrew Nierenberg, MDProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalJason Nieuwsma, PhDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceDuke UniversityPeter A Nigrovic, MDPrince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalDmitriy Nikolavsky, MDProfessor, Department of UrologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityVicki Nisenblat, MDVisiting Research Fellow and Senior Clinical LecturerDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of MedicineRobinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideConsultant, Fertility SAHeather Nixon, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoVuyisile T Nkomo, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicMatthew K Nock, PhDProfessor of PsychologyHarvard UniversityMegan H Noe, MD, MPH, MSCEAssistant ProfessorBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence M Nogee, MDProfessor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDouglas R Nordli, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor and Chief of Child NeurologyUniversity of ChicagoRobert J Norman, MDEmeritus Professor of Reproductive and Periconceptual MedicineRobinson Research Institute, The University of AdelaideSubspecialist in Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilitySonya Norman, PhDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoJeffrey P North, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoMary E Norton, MDProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical and Translational GeneticsDavid E Thorburn, MD and Kate McKee Thorburn Endowed Chair in Perinatal Medicine and GeneticsDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoErrol R Norwitz, MD, PhD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of MedicinePresident/CEO, Newton-Wellesley HospitalLuigi D Notarangelo, MDSection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyBethesda, MDNawal M Nour, MD, MPHAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolArthur J Nowak, DMDProfessor Emeritus Pediatric Dentistry and PediatricsUniversity of IowaAnna Nowak-Węgrzyn, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsNYU Grossman School of MedicineJed G Nuchtern, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery DivisionBaylor College of MedicineJulia R Nunley, MDProfessor, DermatologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineNathaniel Nye, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services UniversitySharmilee Maria Nyenhuis, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Allergy & ImmunologyUniversity of ChicagoPaul Nyirjesy, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversitySuzan Obagi, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyAssociate Professor of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterHope O'Brien, MD, MBA, FAAN, FAHSFounder & CEOHeadache Center of HopeMichael J O'Brien, MDDirector of the Sports Concussion ClinicDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsHarvard Medical SchoolSarah O'Brien, MD, MScSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalSharon E O'Brien, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsBoston University School of MedicinePaul M O'Byrne, MB, FRCP(C), FRSCDean and Vice President, Faculty of Health Sciences, ProfessorMcMaster University, CanadaHans D Ochs, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonAyrn O'Connor, MDClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine - PhoenixFrancis G O'Connor, MD, MPH, FACSMSection Editor — Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination; Medical Issues Related to Sports and ExerciseProfessor of Military and Emergency MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesPatrick G O'Connor, MD, MPHDan Adams and Amanda Adams Professor of General MedicineChief, General Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineAnthony Odibo, MD, MSCEVirginia S Lang Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Chief, MFM and UltrasoundVice Chair for ObstetricsWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisDepartment Obstetrics and GynecologyDonough J O'Donovan, MDClinical Lecturer in PediatricsNational University of Ireland, GalwayLiza C O'Dowd, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineOladapo Odujebe, MDAssistant Professor and Medical ToxicologistEmory University and Georgia Poison Control CenterRobert D Odze, MD, FRCPCProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristopher M Oermann, MDProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineErin O'Ferrall, MDAssistant ProfessorMcGill UniversityRei Ogawa, MD, PhD, FACSProfessor and ChiefDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHideki Ogiwara, MD, PhDChief, Division of NeurosurgeryNational Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanSang Ho Oh, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaRobin Ohls, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of UtahProfessor Emerita of PediatricsUniversity of New MexicoAderonke Ojo, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineM Fatih Okcu, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKelly P O'Keefe, MD, FACEPProgram Director and ProfessorFlorida State University College of MedicineEmergency Medicine ResidencySarasota Memorial HospitalEmily Oken, MD, MPHAlice Hamilton Professor Department of Population MedicineHarvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteProfessor in the Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthTomasz R Okon, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineKutluk Oktay, MD, PhD, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemAlexander B Olawaiye, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of PittsburghSuzanne Olbricht, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael P O'Leary, MD, MPHSection Editor — UrologyProfessor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Urologic Surgeon, Brigham and Women's HospitalMichael J Olek, DOAssociate Professor of NeurologyTouro University Nevada College of Osteopathic MedicineBarbara Olendzki, RD, MPH, LDNAssociate Professor of MedicineUMass Medical SchoolAnthony P Olivé, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilBrian Olshansky, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasAdjunct Professor of MedicineDes Moines UniversityKelly A Olson, MD, MAHonorary Administrator in the Institute of Medical Sciences, within the School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenTimothy S Olson, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsComprehensive Bone Marrow Failure CenterMedical Director, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant ProgramDivisions of Pediatric Oncology and HematologyThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of PennsylvaniaJohanna Olson-Kennedy, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineTerrence A O'Malley, MDCorresponding Faculty Member, Harvard Medical SchoolWilliam G Ondo, MDWeill Cornell Medical SchoolDirector, Movement Disorders, Methodist Neurological CenterMary A O'Neal, MDDirector of Women's NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalMichael K Ong, MD, PhDProfessor in Residence of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesPuneet Opal, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityJordan S Orange, MD, PhDEditor-in-Chief — Allergy and ImmunologySection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyProfessor of PediatricsColumbia UniversitySteven Orebaugh, MDAssociate Professor, Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRobert C O'Reilly, MDChief Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, A.I. duPont Hospital for ChildrenProfessor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson UniversityDennis P Orgill, MD, PhDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHarry T Orr, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaInstitute for Translational NeuroscienceErik Ortega, MDAssistant ProfessorBarrow Neurological InstituteThomas L Ortel, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine & PathologyHemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke UniversityMiguel G O'Ryan, MDProfessor, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileBenjamin Osborne, MDAssociate ProfessorGeorgetown University HospitalLauren M Osborne, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and of Gynecology & ObstetricsDirector, Center for Women’s Reproductive Mental HealthFellowship Director, Advanced Specialty Training Program in Reproductive PsychiatryThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineMatt Oster, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAssociate Professor of Public HealthEmory University Rollins School of Public HealthKevin C Osterhoudt, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineKathryn K Ostermaier, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDirector of the Texas Children's Down Syndrome ClinicShirley Otis-Green, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACSW, OSW-CE, FNAP, FAOSWConsultantCollaborative CaringCatherine M Otto, MDEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Cardiac Evaluation; Valvular DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher P Ouellette, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State UniversityJoseph G Ouslander, MDProfessor of Geriatric MedicineSenior Advisor to the Dean for GeriatricsSchmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityDavid W Ouyang, MDClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineNorth Shore University Health SystemUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineMichael J Overman, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterCindy Owen, MDSection Editor — Acne and RosaceaAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleJudith A Owens, MD, MPHDirector of Sleep MedicineBoston Children's HospitalYinka Oyelese, MD, FACOGDirector of Obstetric UltrasoundBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MATulin Ozcan, MDMaternal Fetal Medicine SpecialistInova Medical CampusChristine Pace, MD, MScMedical Director, Population Health ServicesBoston Medical Center Health SystemAssistant Professor, Boston University School of MedicineYoram C Padeh, MDInstructor in Clinical MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterR Steven Padilla, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyThe University of New Mexico School of MedicineNeha Pagidipati, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of CardiologyDuke University Medical SchoolRekha Pai Mangalore, MBBS, FRACP, MPH, DTM&HInfectious Diseases SpecialistAlfred Health, MelbourneMichael J Paidas, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineChief of Service, University Health Tower, University of MiamiChief of Service, Jackson Health SystemJulie J Paik, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Division of RheumatologyAimee Pak, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyAugusta University Medical CenterShea Palamountain, MDTexas Children's PediatricsHouston, TXDebra L Palazzi, MD, MEdProfessor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases SectionBaylor College of MedicineJoel M Palefsky, MDProfessorUniversity of California San FranciscoPast President, International Papillomavirus SocietyPast President, International Anal Neoplasia SocietyPaul M Palevsky, MDSection Editor — Acute Kidney InjuryProfessor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemAmy S Paller, MDWalter J. Hamlin Professor and Chair of DermatologyProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Northwestern University Skin Disease Research CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineJose-Alberto Palma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMark R Palmert, MD, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of TorontoDivision of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick ChildrenGlenn E Palomaki, PhDProfessor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMohan Pammi, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJustin Paoloni, MBBS, BSc, PhD, MSpMed, FACSPAssociate Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of New South WalesGeorge N Papaliodis, MDDirector, Ocular Immunology and Uveitis ServiceHarvard Medical SchoolRamesha Papanna, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyProgram Director, Fetal Intervention FellowshipCo-Director, The Fetal Center at Children's Memorial Hermann HospitalThe University of Texas McGovern Medical School at HoustonDiane E Pappas, MD, JDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineAlberto S Pappo, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OncologyHead of Solid Malignancies ProgramSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMarie Fidela R Paraiso, MD, FACOG, FPMRSVice Chair, OBGYN and Women's Health InstituteProfess or Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western UniversityTaraneh Paravar, MDAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of California, San DiegoAparna R Parikh, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolKenneth Paris, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsLSU Health Sciences Center New OrleansDavid Pariser, MDProfessor of DermatologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolManoj Pariyadath, MDUltrasound DirectorAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterAmy J Park, MDSection Head, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryOB/GYN & Women's Health Institute, Cleveland ClinicEliza Park, MDAssistant Professor of Psychiatry and MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillElyse R Park, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Behavioral Sciences, MGH Tobacco Research & Treatment CenterDirector of Behavioral Science Research, Center for Psychiatric & Behavioral Sciences, MGH Cancer CenterDirector of Behavioral Health Research, MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body MedicineJohn K Park, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChief of Neurological SurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian Queens HospitalJoong Shin Park, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University College of Medicine, KoreaSong Youn Park, MDActing Instructor, Division of DermatologyUniversity of WashingtonTae Woo Park, MD, MScAssistant Professor of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineAlasdair Parker, MBBS, MRCPCH, MD, MA, PG Cert EdConsultant Paediatric Neurologist and Associate LecturerUniversity of CambridgeMargaret G Parker, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Memorial Medical SchoolWilliam H Parker, MDClinical ProfessorOb Gyn and Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineCraig Parsons, MS, PTThe Physical Therapy NetworkAnn H Partridge, MD, MPHDirector, Adult Survivorship ProgramDana-Farber Cancer InstituteProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolShalini Paruthi, MDAdjunct Associate ProfessorSaint Louis University School of MedicineMark S Pasternack, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAnisha B Patel, MDAssociate Professor, DermatologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterThe University of Texas McGovern Medical SchoolMaitray D Patel, MDProfessor of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaNishaben Patel, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Golisano Children's HospitalPriya J Patel, MDAssistant Professor in Clinical MedicineSection of Allergy and ImmunologyPulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care DivisionPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaZara M Patel, MDProfessorDivision of RhinologyDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineRajita Patil, MD, FACOGAssistant Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJon Patricios, MBBCh, MMedSci, FACSM, FFSEM (UK), FFIMSProfessor, Wits Sport and Health (WiSH)School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand, South AfricaMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJaimey M Pauli, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyChief, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineMilton S Hershey Medical CenterMartin Paulus, MDAdjunct Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoAimee S Payne, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaAllison Payne, MD MSProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityEvelyn A Paysse, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSassan Pazirandeh, MDDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKaiser Permanente Medical CenterK Michelle Peavy, PhD, MACClinical Associate ProfessorDirector of Training, PRISM CollaborativeDept. of Community and Behavioral HealthElson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversityDavid Peden, MDHarry S. Andrews Distinguished Professor of PediatricsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillP Samuel Pegram, MD, FACPProfessor Emeritus of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineYork Pei, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FASNProfessor of MedicineUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoJeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhDClarence E. Ehrlich Professor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineAntonio Pelliccia, MDChief of CardiologyInstitute of Sport Medicine and Science, Rome, ItalyAntonio Pellicer, MDProfessorInstituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI)Patricia A Pellikka, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASESection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineStephen I Pelton, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthJohn H Pemberton, MDProfessor of SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolConstantino Pena, MDMedical Director of Vascular ImagingMiami Cardiac & Vascular InstituteBarbara M Peña, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorWertheim College of MedicineLynn F Peng, MDClinical Professor, Cath Lab DirectorStanford University Medical CenterRobert L Penn, MDProfessor of Medicine, Infectious DiseasesLouisiana State University School of Medicine in ShreveportPage B Pennell, MDChair, Department of NeurologyHenry B. Higman Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRobert M Penner, BSc, MD, FRCPC, MScAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaRichard T Penson, MD, MRCPAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Peppercorn, MDProfessor of Medicine EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Perazella, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineTamas R Peredy, MD, FACEP, FACMTClinical Associate Professor, Florida State UniversityEmergency Physician, Sarasota Memorial HospitalMolly Perencevich, MDBrigham and Women’s HospitalAssociate PhysicianRafael Perez-Escamilla, PhDProfessor of Public HealthYale School of Public HealthJohn R Perfect, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterJeremy G Perkins, COL, MD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesVlado Perkovic, MBBS, PhDDean and Scientia Professor of MedicineUniversity of NSW, SydneyLeigh Perreault, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAssociate Professor of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthCatherine E Perron, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRonald D Perrone, MDSection Editor — Cystic DiseaseProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineAlissa Perrucci, PhD, MPHCounseling & Administrative ManagerUniversity of California, San FranciscoHolly Perry, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineBeth N Peshkin, MS, CGCProfessor of Oncology, Certified Genetic CounselorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchAmy H Peterman, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteStephen Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI, ATSF, FCPPDavis Professor and Chief, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineEskild Petersen, MD, DMSc, DTM&HProfessor, ConsultantSpecialist of Infectious Diseases and Tropical MedicineAarhus University Hospital Skejby, DenmarkMarta J Petersen, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineDouglas M Peterson, MD, MBA, FACP, FACSMAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolClayton C Petro, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryLerner College of MedicineCleveland Clinic Center for Abdominal Core HealthDavid J Petron, MDAssociate Professor, Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of UtahJames A Pfaff, MD, FACEP, FAAEMSan Antonio Uniformed Service Health Education ConsortiumEmergency Medicine ResidencyJoint Base San Antonio, TXMichael Pfeffer, MDClinical Professor, MedicineStanford University School of MedicineKurt Pfeifer, MD, FACP, SFHMChief, Section of Perioperative and Consultative MedicineProfessor of Medicine – General Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinRobert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRSElectrophysiologistAlbany Associates in CardiologyPradyumna Phatak, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineDepartment of Medicine ChairRochester General HospitalJoseph B Philips III, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamKatharine A Phillips, MDProfessor of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical CollegeAdjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversitySarah M Phillips, MS, RD, LDInstructor of Pediatric GastroenterologyBaylor College of MedicineDaniel L Picchietti, MDClinical Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois School of Medicine at Urbana-ChampaignClinical Professor, Carle Illinois College of MedicineCarle Sleep Disorders Center, Carle Foundation HospitalMichael E Pichichero, MDDirector, Research InstituteRochester General HospitalPedro A Piedra, MDProfessor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineGrace W Pien, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineAndrew A Pieper, MD, PhDInvestigator, The Harrington Discovery Institute Professor of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve UniversityMichael Pignone, MD, MPHChair, Department of MedicineThe University of Texas at AustinDell Medical SchoolKathleen Pike, PhDProfessor of Psychology and PsychiatryColumbia UniversityJoAnn V Pinkerton, MD, FACOG, NCMPProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Head Midlife HealthUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterExecutive Director Emeritus, The North American Menopause SocietySara E Pinney, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaBianca Maria Piraccini, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyDavid S Pisetsky, MD, PhDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Systemic Lupus ErythematosusProfessor of Medicine and ImmunologyDuke University Medical CenterSorin Pislaru, MD, PhDSection Editor —Valve DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicNelly Pitteloud, MDProfessor in MedicineLausanne University SwitzerlandPenelope Pivalizza, MDDevelopmental and Behavioral PediatricianIndependent practice, HoustonJames M Pivarnik, PhDProfessor of Kinesiology, Epidemiology, and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityMarie Plante, MDFull Professor of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyL'Hôtel-Dieu de QuébecCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de QuébecLaval UniversityCraig D Platt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolStaff Physician, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalThomas A E Platts-Mills, MD, PhDOscar Swineford Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Medical SchoolUwe Platzbecker, MDHead, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hämatologie, Zelltherapie und HämostaseologieUniversitätsklinikum LeipzigSteven C Plaxe, MDProfessor, Reproductive MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineSharon E Plon, MD, PhDDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterProfessorPediatrics/Hematology-OncologyMolecular and Human GeneticsHuman Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineKatherine D Pocius, MD, MPHInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director of Family PlanningDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalPaul J Pockros, MDDirector, Liver Disease CenterScripps ClinicDirector, SC Liver Research ConsortiumPhilip J Podrid, MD, FACCProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of MedicineLecturer, Harvard Medical SchoolDennis Poe, MDDepartment of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Boston Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical SchoolMarc A Pohl, MDPast, Ray W. Gifford, Jr., MD Endowed Chair in HypertensionConsultant StaffDepartment of Nephrology and HypertensionGlickman Urologic and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicWendy J Pomerantz, MD, MSCo-Director, Injury Free Coalition of Greater CincinnatiProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiMiriam Keltz Pomeranz, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyNew York University School of MedicineScott L Pomeroy, MD, PhDBronson Crothers Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephen Ponder, MD, FAAP, CDCESProfessor of Pediatrics Texas A&M University College of MedicineMichel Pontari, MDProfessor of UrologyTemple University School of MedicineElena Pope, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoThaddeus M Pope, JD, PhD, HEC-CProfessor, Mitchell Hamline School of LawAthena Poppas, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrown University School of MedicineReuven Porat, MDProfessor of MedicineTel Aviv University School of MedicineRichard P Porreco, MDObstetrix Medical Group of ColoradoDenver, ColoradoRussell K Portenoy, MDChief Medical OfficerMJHS Hospice and Palliative CareProfessor of Neurology and Family and Social MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineRobert M Post, MDClinical Professor of PsychiatryGeorge Washington UniversityLucilla Poston, PhDProfessor of Maternal and Fetal HealthKing's College LondonRaoul Poupon, MDProfessor of Hepatology and GastroenterologyUniversity Pierre et Marie CurieUPMC, Sorbonne University, Paris, FranceCamille E Powe, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolAnna Maya Powell, MD MScAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJulie Powell, MD, FRCPCClinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of DermatologyUniversity of MontrealMatthew A Powell, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDirector, Gynecologic Oncology FellowshipJacquelyn M Powers, MD, MSAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnton Pozniak, MD, FRCPTuberculosis Lead PhysicianChelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation TrustManuel Praga, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineComplutense University, MadridSarah Prager, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolJosef T Prchal, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of UtahGlenn M Preminger, MDSection Editor — Renal Ureteral StonesProfessor of Urologic SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDirector of EducationEndourological SocietyDaniel Press, MDAssociate Professor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolTore A Prestgaard, MDDepartment of Neurology, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Drammen Hospital, NorwayBoard Member of the Scandinavian Foundation of Medicine and Science in SportsGregory A Price, PhDMicrobiologist/InspectorUS Food and Drug AdministrationAdrian J Priesol, MD, FRCPCInstructor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolKathleen I Pritchard, MD, FRCPCProfessor EmeritaDivision of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMedical OncologistSunnybrook Odette Cancer CentreSenior ScientistSunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, CanadaMark R Proctor, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolLori Prok, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineAaron R Prosnitz, MDSanger Heart and Vascular InstituteLevine Children’s HospitalAtrium HealthJordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRSProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of WashingtonSteven Prystowsky, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyNew York University School of MedicineChristina M Puchalski, MD, MS, FACP, FAAHPMDirector and ProfessorGeorge Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, School of Medicine and Health SciencesThe George Washington University, Washington, DCChing-Hon Pui, MDChair of the Department of OncologyFahad Al-Rashid Chair of Leukemia ResearchSt. Jude's Children's HospitalAmerican Cancer Society Professor Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAnthony Puliafico, PhDAssociate Professor of Medical Psychology (in Psychiatry)Columbia UniversityRajesh Punn, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University, Lucile Packard Children’s HospitalKaren M Puopolo, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineCraig R Purdam, DSc M Sports PhysioProfessor, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, AustraliaProfessor, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, AustraliaKate B Püttgen, MD, FAADAdjunct Associate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMargot Putukian, MD, FACSM, FAMSSMDirector of Athletic MedicinePrinceton UniversityAssociate Clinical ProfessorRobert Wood Johnson Medical School - University of Medicine & Dentistry of New JerseyDavid B Pyne, PhD, FACSMResearch ProfessorResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of CanberraFlavio Queiroz-Telles, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Public Health, Hospital de ClinicasFederal University of Parana, Curitiba, BrazilElizabeth Quigley, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCharles T Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterJames M Quinn, MDProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesJames V Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineStanford UniversityDiana R Quintero, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleRubén E Quirós-Tejeira, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaLieschen H Quiroz, MDProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryOklahoma University Health SciencesMarc HGP Raaijmakers, MD, PhDErasmus University Medical CenterDepartment of Hematology and Erasmus Stem Cell InstituteRotterdam, The NetherlandsBenjamin A Raby, MD, MPHSection Editor — GeneticsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCatherine Racowsky, PhDProfessor Emerita of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolUniversity Consultant, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, FranceJai Radhakrishnan, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterHershel Raff, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of Wisconsin and the AdvocateAurora Research InstituteKatie Raffel, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Hospital Medicine, Denver HealthUniversity of ColoradoLeslie Raffini, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of PennsylvaniaIhsan M Rafie, MRCPAssistant Professor of MedicineDalhousie UniversityMeera Raghavan, MDDiagnostic RadiologistBanner MD Anderson Cancer CenterGanesh Raghu, MDProfessor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine (Adjunct)University of Washington School of MedicineAdam Rahman, MD, DABIM, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Western OntarioCatherine Rogers Rainbow, MD, SMCAQClinical InstructorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineNino Rainusso, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's Cancer & Hematology CentersAli Raja, MD, MBA, MPHProfessor, Mooney-Reed Endowed Chair, and Executive Vice ChairHarvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalSathish Rajasekaran, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of AlbertaPriya Rajendran, MDClinical InstructorUniversity of California, San FranciscoS Vincent Rajkumar, MDSection Editor — Plasma Cell DisordersEdward W and Betty Knight Scripps Professor of MedicineMayo ClinicMark E Ralston, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesNaren Ramakrishna, MD, PhDDirector of Neuro and Pediatric Radiation OncologyOrlando Health Cancer InstituteProfessor of Radiation Oncology University of Central Florida College of MedicineEgle Ramelyte, MDZurich University HospitalMae Ramirez-Quizon, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of DermatologyPhilippine General HospitalUniversity of the PhilippinesSt. Luke’s Medical Center - Global City, PhilippinesPatrick S Ramsey, MD, MSPHProfessor, OB/GYN Chief, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDirector, Maternal-Fetal Medicine FellowshipMedical Director, Maternal TransportUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioScott D Ramsey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterChris Ramsook, MDAttending PhysicianPhoenix Children's HospitalStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalGregory W Randolph, MD, FACSAssociate Professor in Otology & LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolSumant Ranji, MDChief, Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco General HospitalProfessor of Clinical Medicine, University of California San FranciscoCaroline L Rao, MDAssociate ProfessorDuke Department of DermatologyRama B Rao, MDAssistant Professor Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyWeill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell UniversitySatish SC Rao, MD, PhD, FRCPChief, Gastroenterology/HepatologyAugusta UniversityJean L Raphael, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSonja A Rasmussen, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and EpidemiologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsRahul H Rathod, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChristine C Reardon, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineNancy Reau, MDProfessor of MedicineRichard B. Capps Chair of HepatologyChief, Section of Hepatology Associate Director, Solid Organ TransplantationRush University Medical CenterAndrei Rebarber, MDClinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiPresident, Carnegie Imaging for Women, PLLCPresident, Maternal Fetal Medicine Assoc, PLLCLawrence D Recht, MDProfessor of NeurologyStanford University School of MedicineGregory Redding, MDSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJhansi Reddy, MD, FACOGAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineKrishna P Reddy, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolCarrie A Redlich, MD, MPHProgram Director, Yale Occupational and Environmental MedicineProfessor, Department of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineRaymond W Redline, MDProfessor of Pathology and Reproductive BiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineSusan D Reed, MD, MPHProfessor, Vice ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology AdjunctDepartment of EpidemiologyHarborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington School of MedicineGuy S Reeder, MDSection Editor — Coronary DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolMargo J Reeder, MDAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthJonathan Rees, FRCP (UK), FFSEM (UK), MDConsultant in Sports Medicine and RheumatologyFortius Clinic London Honorary Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise MedicineQueen Mary College LondonLesley Rees, MD, FRCPCHEmeritus Professor of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UKHonorary Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist, Great Ormond Street HospitalEmily Reeve, BPharm(Hons) PhDSenior Research Fellow and Senior Lecturer of Pharmacy PracticeQuality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research CentreUniversity of South Australia Clinical and Health SciencesSamuel Refetoff, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Committee on GeneticsUniversity of ChicagoMiguel Regueiro, MD, AGAF, FACG, FACPChair, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionThe Pier C. and Renee A. Borra Family Endowed Chair in Gastroenterology and HepatologyChair, Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicProfessor of MedicineJason Reichenberg, MDAssociate ProfessorDell Medical School at the University of Texas at AustinDavid E Reichman, MDAssistant ProfessorThe Ronald O Perelman Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineNew York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell Medical CollegeLee B Reichman, MD, MPHSenior Advisor and Past Executive DirectorRutgers Global Tuberculosis InstituteJohn P Reilly, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicineMara H Rendi, MD, PhDDepartment of Anatomic PathologyUniversity of WashingtonHospital Pathology AssociatesMinneapolis, MNAnetta Reszko, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyWeill Cornell Medical CenterDavid B Reuben, MDDirector, Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyArchstone Professor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAAlex Reyentovich, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNYU Langone School of MedicineKarina Reyner Pauly, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTexas A&M College of MedicineAndrew L Reynolds, MDClinical Associate ProfessorResidency Program DirectorDepartment of OphthalmologyRoss Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at BuffaloJames D Reynolds, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyState University of New York at BuffaloW Stuart Reynolds, MD, MPH, FACSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyFemale Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryVanderbilt University Medical CenterCharles F Reynolds III, MDDistinguished Professor of Psychiatry and UPMC Endowed Professor in Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChanu Rhee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Population Medicine and MedicineHarvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's HospitalRocco Ricciardi, MD, MPHChief, Section of Colon and Rectal SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalAssociate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolPhoebe Rich, MDAdjunct Professor of DermatologyOregon Health and Science UniversityElisabeth G Richard, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyJohns Hopkins UniversityDavid Richards, MD, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJeremy B Richards, MD, MAAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterMichael J Richards, MD, FRACPDirector, Victorian Infectious Disease ServiceDirector, VICNISS Coordinating Centre for Surveillance of Healthcare-associated InfectionsThe Royal Melbourne HospitalJerome P Richie, MD, FACSSection Editor — Cancer of the Urethra, Penis, and Ureter; Urologic Surgery; Prostate CancerElliott Carr Cutler Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolErick J Richmond, MDChief of Pediatric Endocrinology, National Children's HospitalSan Jose, Costa RicaLeslie M Rickey, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorYale School of MedicineMichael C Riddell, PhDProfessorYork UniversityNicholas L Rider, DOAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Allergy and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHelge Riemann, MDDermatologistNancy A Rigotti, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura E Riley, MDChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalDavid M Rind, MDSection Editor — General MedicineChief Medical OfficerInstitute for Clinical and Economic ReviewAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Ring, MD, PhDAssociate Dean for Comprehensive CareDell Medical School, University of Texas at AustinSteven Ringer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsGeisel School of MedicineBritton D Rink, MD, MSDirector of Perinatal GeneticsMount Carmel Health SystemsColumbus, OhioArieh Riskin, MD, MHA, PhDDepartment of NeonatologyBnai Zion Medical Center, IsraelClinical Associate ProfessorRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, IsraelChristine Ritchie, MD, MSPHSection Editor — Palliative CareKen Minaker Endowed Chair in Geriatric MedicineResearch Director, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Mongan InstituteSimon A Ritchie, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MDJacynthe Rivest, MDClinical Assistant Professor in PsychiatryUniversity of MontrealMark G Roback, MDSection Head, Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineSarah Rubia Robbins, BPhty, PhDPostdoctoral AssociateDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyDavid W Roberson, MD, MBA, FACS, FRCSAttending OtolaryngologistBayhealth Medical CenterSussex, DelawareDarren M Roberts, MBBS, PhD, FRACPClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney and NSW Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's Hospital NetworkWestmead, AustraliaDavid J Roberts, MA, MB, D PhilProfessor of HematologyNuffield Dept of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of OxfordDrucilla J Roberts, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark S Roberts, MD, MPPProfessor of Medicine, Health Policy and Management and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineVictoria Roberts, PhDResearch Assistant ProfessorDivision of Reproductive SciencesOregon Health and Science UniversityWilliam O Roberts, MD, MS, FACSMProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolW Neal Roberts, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyCarrie Elizabeth Robertson, MDSection Editor - Headache (Neurology)Assistant Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceR Paul Robertson, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of MinnesotaDiana Robinson, MBBS FACSEPChair, Curriculum CommitteeChief Project Manager, Specialist Training Program Education ProjectsAustralasian College of Sport and Exercise PhysiciansJulian N Robinson, MDChief Medical Officer and Senior Vice PresidentNewton Wellesley HospitalAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolPaul D Robinson, MBChB, MRCPCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineChildren's Hospital at WestmeadProfessorUniversity of SydneyWilliam R Robinson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic Oncology and Hematology/Oncology University of Mississippi Medical CenterKristen M Robson, MD, MBA, FACGDeputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineBrianne Barnett Roby, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaDario Roccatello, MDProfessor of Nephrology and Clinical PathologyUniversity of Turin Medical SchoolMeredith Rochon, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineChief, Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Ob/GynLehigh Valley Health NetworkPaula A Rochon, MD, MPH, FRCPCFounding Director, Women’s Age Lab, Women’s College HospitalProfessor, Department of MedicineRTO/ERO Chair in Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Toronto, CanadaDon C Rockey, MDChairman, Department of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRichard Rodenberg, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital The Ohio State UniversityGriffin P Rodgers, MDDirector, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthLinda H Rodgers, MGC, CGCGenetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk AssessmentJohn F Rodis, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyFrank H Netter MD School of MedicineQuinnipiac UniversityRobert L Rodnitzky, MDProfessor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineDiana Rodriguez, MD, MPH, MBA, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine, Steward Healthcare and Baystate Medical CenterLecturer, George Washington School of BusinessLecturer, GE Healthcare (Ultrasound)Tufts Medical SchoolLeonel A Rodriguez, MD, MSSection Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Director, Gastroenterology Procedure Program Director, Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Disorders Program Associate Professor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineMaria C Rodriguez-Barradas, MDProfessor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineAndrea H Roe, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaThomas A Roesler, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRebecca G Rogers, MDProfessor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbany Medical SchoolZora R Rogers, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, EmeritusUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterStephen J Rogerson, PhDProfessorDepartment of Infectious Diseases, the Doherty InstituteThe University of MelbourneAlan D Rogol, MD, PhDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of VirginiaMi Ryung Roh, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaThomas Rohrer, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of DermatologyBrown University School of MedicineChaim M Roifman, CM, MD, FRCPC, FCACBProfessor of Pediatrics and ImmunologyUniversity of Toronto, CanadaPat Rojmahamongkol, MDYale School of MedicineSiriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, ThailandAshley S Roman, MD, MPHSilverman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineSanziana Roman, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of California, San Francisco*kathleen S Romanowski, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of Clinical SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavis and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern CaliforniaNeil Romberg, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of PennsylvaniaAttending PhysicianChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaJosé R Romero, MD, FAAP, FIDSA, FPIDS, FAAASDirector, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory VirusesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionFranco Rongioletti, MDFull Professor of DermatologyVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMichael Ronthal, MDProfessor of Neurology EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolAlain H Rook, MDProfessor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephanie T Ros, MDAssociate Professor of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of South FloridaEva Tejero Rosa, MS, CGCSupervisor/Lead Genetic CounselorAtlantic Health SystemSusan R Rose, MDProfessor Emerita, Pediatric EndocrinologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of CincinnatiClifford J Rosen, MDSection Editor — Bone DiseaseProfessor of NutritionUniversity of MaineProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineDennis M Rosen, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGerald M Rosen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIlene M Rosen, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJoseph B Rosen, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMitchell Rosen, MD, HCLDProfessor University of California San FranciscoRaymond C Rosen, PhDAdjunct Full Professor of PsychiatryUCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CATed Rosen, MDSection Editor — Infections and InfestationsProfessor, Department of DermatologyBaylor College of MedicineMisha Rosenbach, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and Internal MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineChris Rosenbaum, MD, MSc, FACEPAssistant Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolDirector of Medical ToxicologyNewton-Wellesley HospitalMichael Rosenbaum, MDProfessor, Pediatrics and Medicine at CUIMCAssociate Director, CTSA/Clinical Research ResourceColumbia University Irving Medical CenterDavid Rosenberg, MDProfessor and Chair of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesWayne State UniversityHenry Rosenberg, MDPresident Emeritus, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United StatesMark Rosenberg, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolNorman D Rosenblum, MD, FRCPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoScott B Rosenfeld, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and ScoliosisBaylor College of MedicineRobert L Rosenfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAdjunct Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemDonald L Rosenstein, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillDavid S Rosenthal, MDProfessor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolEmily Rosenthal, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineBoston University/Boston Medical CenterMara Rosner, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal TherapyMitchell H Rosner, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Ross, MDProfessor of Sexual Health and HIVDepartment of Sexual Health and HIVUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustMichael G Ross, MD, MPHDistinguished Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLANatalia S Rost, MD, MPHProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephen J Roth, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Stanford University School of MedicineMarc E Rothenberg, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineNan Rothrock, PhDAssociate ProfessorMedical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityAnthony J Rothschild, MDIrving S. and Betty Brudnick Endowed Chair and Professor of Psychiatry University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJean-Michel Roué, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Brest, FranceFlorence Roufosse, MDErasme Hospital, Department of Internal MedicineUniversite Libre de Bruxelles, BelgiumJohn M Routes, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology/ImmunologyDepartment of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Medical College of WisconsinBrad H Rovin, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of Medicine and PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineJames A Rowley, MDProfessor of MedicineWayne State University School of MedicineMichael J Roy, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services UniversityPeter P Roy-Byrne, MDEditor-in-Chief — PsychiatrySection Editor — Depressive DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJayanta Roy-Chowdhury, MD, MRCP, AGAF, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNamita Roy-Chowdhury, PhD, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePaul J Rozance, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Neonatal MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverBeth S Ruben, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJonah N Rubin, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterArye Rubinstein, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Microbiology and ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Hospital Medical CenterKathryn J Ruddy, MD, MPHDirector of Cancer Survivorship, Department of OncologyProfessor of OncologyMayo ClinicMichael R Rudnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePaul A Rufo, MD, MMScAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolProgram Director, Harvard Medical School Fellowship in Pediatric GastroenterologyMichelle Ruha, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, PhoenixEmily S Ruiz, MD, MPHInstructor in DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolFadel E Ruiz, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCarolyn D Runowicz, MDExecutive Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyFlorida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineBruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLDSection Editor — Cirrhosis and Its ComplicationsSpecial Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New MexicoA John Rush, MDProfessor EmeritusNational University of Singapore, Duke-NUSAnthony S Russell, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaAndrea L Russo, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Radiation OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMelissa L Russo, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Clinical GeneticistAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityKaren Russo-Stieglitz, MDConsulting PerinatologistMorristown Medical CenterSeward B Rutkove, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid P Ryan, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEdward T Ryan, MD, DTMHSection Editor — Parasitic InfectionsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLeticia Manning Ryan, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins Children's CenterMonique M Ryan, FRACPProfessorUniversity of MelbourneHead, Department of NeurologyRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneJulie Ryan Wolf, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor, Departments of Dermatology and Radiation OncologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterMoira A Rynn, MDProfessor of PsychiatryDuke UniversityKenneth G Saag, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremiah J Sabado, MDClinical Instructor of Radiology and PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityPaul Sabbatini, MDAttending PhysicianGynecologic Medical Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterMichael S Sabel, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolSabina Sabharwal, MD, MPHInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoyce A Sackey, MD, FACPClinical Professor and Associate DeanDept of Medicine/Primary Care & Population HealthStanford University School of Medicine Charlotte Sadler, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD)Karin Sadow, MDChief Medical Officer, PM Pediatric CarePM Pediatrics of MamaroneckNazanin Saedi, MDClinical Associate Professor of Dermatology and Cutaneous BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityJoshua D Safer, MD, FACPExecutive Director, Center for Transgender Medicine and SurgeryMount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiSunil K Sahai, MD, FAAP, FACPProfessor and Division Chief, General MedicineThe University of Texas Medical BranchToshiaki Saida, MD, PhDProfessor EmeritusShinshu University School of MedicineRajiv Saini, MDClinical Instructor, Department of UrologyDownstate Medical CollegeSarbjit Saini, MDSection Editor — Urticaria and AngioedemaProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMartha Sajatovic, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineJohn C Sakles, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineRichard A Saladino, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRitu Salani, MD, MBAProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLASusan Saleeb, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolWael Salem, MD, MS MPhilAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaJack C Salerno, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Arrhythmia and Pacing ServicesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJohn R Saltzman, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFSection Editor — Therapeutic and Diagnostic EndoscopyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlo Salvarani, MDProfessor of RheumatologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaAndrew D Samel, MDAffiliate Staff MemberSturdy Memorial HospitalJonathan M Samet, MD, MSDean and ProfessorColorado School of Public HealthJennifer A Sample, MDSection Editor — ToxicologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri, Kansas City School of MedicinePharmacologist and ToxicologistChildren's Mercy Kansas CityLiat Samuelov, MDDeputy Chair, Division of DermatologyTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, IsraelMiguel Sanchez, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyNew York University School of MedicineCharles V Sanders, MDProfessor of Medicine, Emeritus Louisiana State University School of Medicine New OrleansIan R Sanderson, MDProfessor of Pediatric GastroenterologyBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryClaudio Sandoval, MDNeil S Sanghani, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterVidya Sankar, DMD, MHSTufts School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Diagnostic ScienceDivision Director of Oral MedicineHanna K Sanoff, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJonathan A Santana, DOAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineRichard J Santen, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterArun J Sanyal, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRobert B Saper, MD, MPHChair, Department of Wellness and Preventive MedicineCleveland ClinicDonika Saporito, MS, CGCCertified Genetic CounselorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJitender Sareen, MD, FRCPCProfessor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaMark Sarnak, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineA Oliver Sartor, MDSection Editor — Prostate CancerLaborde Professor for Cancer ResearchMedical Director, Tulane Cancer CenterDepts. of Medicine and UrologyTulane Medical SchoolDenis Sasseville, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Dermatology, Division of DermatologyMcGill University Health CentreAndrew J Satin, MD, FACOGThe Dorothy Edwards Professor and Director of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineThomas T Sato, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric SurgeryChildren's Wisconsin/Medical College of WisconsinWilliam H Sauer, MDDirector, Cardiac ElectrophysiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalKai Saukkonen, MDDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDiane MF Savarese, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative CareClinical Instructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJacqueline Saw, MD, FRCPC, FACCClinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalGregory Sawicki, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul E Sax, MDSection Editor — HIVClinical DirectorBrigham and Women's HospitalProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew J Saxon, MDSection Editor — Substance Use DisordersProfessor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonThomas E Scammell, MDSection Editor — HypersomniasProfessor of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolRichard J Scarfone, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCourtney Schadt, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of LouisvilleDivision of DermatologyJulie V Schaffer, MDAttending in Pediatric DermatologyDirector, Pediatric Dermatology FellowshipDivision of Pediatric & Adolescent Dermatology Hackensack University Medical CenterLeonhard Schaffer, MDProfessorHead of Obstetrics Kantonsspital Baden AGAffiliated Hospital of the University of ZurichPeter C Schalock, MDAdjunct Associate Professor of Dermatology (Surgery)Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth CollegeMorris Schambelan, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoGlenn L Schattman, MDAssociate Professor of Reproductive MedicineThe Ronald O Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineThe Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityMichael Schatz, MD, MSClinical Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineEric Schauberger, DO, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonAnn O Scheimann, MD, MBAAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicinePamela L Scheinman, MDAttending PhysicianDerm Institute of ChicagoSteven J Scheinman, MDDean EmeritusGeisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineRobert S Schenken, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSusan A Scherl, MDProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaDavid Schiff, MDProfessor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineRachel Schiff, PhDProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Cell BiologyLester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineCharles A Schiffer, MDEmeritus Professor of OncologyBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineMichael L Schilsky, MD, FAASLDMedical Director, Adult Liver Transplant Yale-New Haven Transplantation CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Transplantation and ImmunologyYale University Medical CenterRodney J Schlosser, MDProfessor and Director of Rhinology and Sinus SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaKathleen M Schmeler, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gynecologic OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterGregory A Schmidt, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Occupational MedicineUniversity of IowaRebecca J Schmidt, DO, FACPProfessor of MedicineWest Virginia University School of MedicineArthur B Schneider, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineKaren M Schneider, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science - HoustonMcGovern Medical SchoolFranklin R Schneier, MDSpecial Lecturer in PsychiatryColumbia UniversityRobert T Schoen, MDClinical Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineAlison Schonwald, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJ Kenneth Schoolmeester, MDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJohn O Schorge, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAnne F Schott, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of MichiganKasmintan A Schrader, MBBS, FRCPC, PhDMedical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaAsher J Schranz, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineJennifer Schreiber, MDGeorgetown University HospitalBarbara Schreiner, PhD, RN, CDCES, BC-ADMCertified Diabetes Care and Education SpecialistIndependent Education ConsultantIris Schrijver, MDAdjunct Clinical Professor of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineElaine E Schulte, MD, MPHVice Chair, Academic Affairs and Faculty DevelopmentProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Academic General PediatricsThe Children's Hospital at MontefioreThe Pediatric Hospital for Albert Einstein College of MedicineRebecca J Schultz, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC, FAESAssociate ProfessorTexas Woman's UniversityPeter H Schur, MDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Basic ScienceProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSara Schutzman, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolSteven D Schwaitzberg, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairmanJacobs School of MedicineUniversity at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkLawrence B Schwartz, MDCharles and Evelyn Thomas Professor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityPeter E Schwartz, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and the Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicinePeter J Schwartz, MDProfessor of Cardiology and Director of the Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic OriginIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCSRobert A Schwartz, MD, MPH, DSc (Hon), FRCP EdinProfessor and Head, DermatologyRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolRichard M Schwartzstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSarah Jane Schwarzenberg, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalTodd J Schwedt, MD, MSCIProfessor of NeurologyMayo ClinicPaula Schweich, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineHenrik Winther Schytz, MD, PhD, DMSCiAssociate Professor, Danish Headache CenterUniversity of CopenhagenWilliam E Scorza, MDChief of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineLehigh Valley Physician GroupAlexander Scott, PhD, RPTAssociate Professor of Physical TherapyUniversity of British ColumbiaSherry Scovell, MD, FACSAssistant Professor in Surgery, Part TimeHarvard Medical School/Massachusetts General HospitalAngeles Alvarez Secord, MD, MHScDuke University Medical CenterEllen W Seely, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolZindel Segal, PhD, C.PsychProfessor of Psychiatry University of TorontoRobert D Sege, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsTufts University School of MedicineSofia Segura-Perez, MS, RDDirector, Nutrition UnitHispanic Health CouncilMikkael A Sekeres, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of HematologySylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of MiamiDuygu Selcen, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceEmre Seli, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesYale University School of MedicineNeil S Seligman, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterElizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPHProfessor of Epidemiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthArlene C Seña, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillPearl H Seo, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorSylvester Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami School of MedicineWaldo Sepulveda, MDDirector, FETALMEDMaternal-Fetal Diagnostic Center, Santiago, ChileDavid Seres, MDSection Editor — NutritionDirector of Medical NutritionProfessor of Medicine in the Institute for Human NutritionColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsEmmanuel Seront, MD, PhDDepartment of Medical Oncology Institut Roi Albert II, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumChristine M Seroogy, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin Medical SchoolSanjay Sethi, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division Chief, Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep MedicineUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkSanjeev Sethi, MD, PhDProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineMala Setty, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalsKevin A Sevarino, MD, PhDAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineDaniel J Sexton, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAnna K Sfakianaki, MDDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineBat Zion Shachar, MDDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineTel Aviv Medical CenterAmit A Shah, MD, MSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineAnjali R Shah, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolSonal D Shah, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityNader Shaikh, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineOranit Shaked, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics Wertheim College of MedicineAmir A Shamshirsaz, MDAssistant Professor of Maternal Fetal Medicine/Surgical Critical CareDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Medicine/Division of Pulmonary Critical CareTexas Children's Hospital/Pavilion for WomenBaylor College of Medicine Aryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FASAEmeritus Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineEnglewood Hospital and Medical CenterAdjunct Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Medicine and SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New YorkClinical Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical CareRutgers New JerseyElizabeth Shane, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterCaitlin Shannon, MPHResearch and Evidence LeadCARE USAAmy D Shapiro, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and thrombosisMedical Director, Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterAdjunct Senior Investigator, Clinical TrackBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Milwaukee)Eugene D Shapiro, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Public Health and Investigative MedicineYale University School of MedicineJerry Shapiro, MDProfessor - The Ronald O. Perelman Department of DermatologyNew York UniversityPriyanka Sharma, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterMichael Sharpe, MDProfessor of Psychological Medicine University of OxfordNatalie Shaw, MD, MMScLasker Clinical Research ScholarPediatric Neuroendocrinology GroupNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NIH)Adjunct Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke UniversityM Katherine Shear, MDMarion E. Kenworthy Professor of Psychiatry in Social WorkDirector, Center for Prolonged GriefColumbia UniversityMichael P Sheehan, MDVolunteer FacultyDepartment of DermatologyIndiana University School of MedicineJean-Ju Sheen, MDJean-Ju SheenAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterJeanne S Sheffield, MDProfessor, Division Director, Maternal-Fetal MedicineDept. Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins MedicineJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityNadine Shehata, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineDepartments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and PathologyDivision of HematologyUniversity of TorontoPaul Shekelle, MDProfessor of MedicineUCLA Medical SchoolStephen H Sheldon, DO, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics and NeurologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineRenée Shellhaas, MD, MSAssociate Dean for Faculty Promotions & Career DevelopmentProfessor, Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisRichard C Shelton, MDCharles Byron Ireland ChairProfessor and Vice Chair for ResearchUAB Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurobiologyEyal Shemesh, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryChief, Division of Behavioral and Developmental HealthThe Department of Pediatrics and Kravis Children's HospitalIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDonald W Shenenberger, MD, FAAD, FAAFPAssistant Professor of DermatologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolJ Greene Shepherd, PharmDProfessor of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina - Eshelman School of PharmacySarah E Sheppard, MD, PhDUnit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentAmandeep Shergill, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CA, San Francisco/ San Francisco VA MedicalKenneth E Sherman, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineScott C Sherman, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineRush Medical CollegeDavid D Sherry, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaRick Sherva, PhDAssistant ProfessorBoston University School of Medicine Genetics ProgramAvinash Shetty, MDProfessor of PediatricsWake Forest University School of MedicineJan L Shifren, MDVincent Trustees Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolEvelyn K Shih, MD, PhDInstructor, Division of NeurologyThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaGrace Shih, MD, MASAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of WashingtonHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalKarin K Shih, MDAssistant ProfessorObstetrics & GynecologyZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellTina Shih, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineTetsuo Shiohara, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology Kyorin University School of MedicineThomas D Shipp, MD, RDMSAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRebecca J Shlafer, PhD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolRobert H Shmerling, MDSection Editor — Diagnostic Issues in RheumatologyAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolS Abbas Shobeiri, MD, FACS, FACOGProfessor and Vice Chair, Gynecologic SubspecialtiesINOVA Women’s Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityAdjunct Professor, BioengineeringGeorge Mason UniversityJason M Shohet, MD, PhDDivision Chair, Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolDalton E Sholter, MD, FRCPCAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaCynthia K Shortell, MDChief of Staff, Department of Surgery Professor and Chief, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDivision of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterClaire L Shovlin, PhD, FRCPProfessor of Practice (Clinical and Molecular Medicine), NHLI Cardiovascular SciencesImperial College, LondonWayne G Shreffler, MD, PhDMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolRoni M Shtein, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganRobert J Shulman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCheryl Shuman, MS, CGCProfessorUniversity of TorontoBaha M Sibai, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal Medicine DivisionDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesThe University of Texas Medical School at HoustonLaura Sices, MD, MSDepartment of PediatricsDirector, Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsCottage Children's Medical CenterSanta Barbara Cottage HospitalScott H Sicherer, MD, FAAAAISection Editor — Food AllergyProfessor of PediatricsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRobert Sidbury, MD, MPHProfessor - Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineTanya Siddiqi, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationCity of Hope National Medical CenterNazema Y Siddiqui, MD, MHScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics & GynecologyDivision of Urogynecology & Reconstructive PelvicEllen Sidransky, MDBranch Chief, Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthColin A Sieff, MB, BCh, FRCPathAssociate Professor of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalDawn H Siegel, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyStanford UniversityMark D Siegel, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineReed Siemieniuk, MDGeneral internist and Health research methodologistDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster UniversityCaroline Signore, MD, MPHEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentWilliam M Sikov, MD, FACP, FNCBCAssociate Professor of MedicineObstetrics and GynecologyWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMichael H Silber, MBChBProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAnn W Silk, MD, MSPhysician, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolJennifer N Silva, MDAssociate Professor Pediatrics and Biomedical EngineeringWashington University School of Medicine in Saint LouisPaolo S Silva, MDAssistant Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolChief of Telemedicine and Staff OphthalmologistBeetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes CenterRobert M Silver, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineJonathan I Silverberg, MD, PhD, MPHProfessor, Department of DermatologyGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesShonni J Silverberg, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsHyagriv N Simhan, MD, MSProfessorExecutive Vice Chair, Obstetrical Services Department of Ob/Gyn/RSUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMedical Director of Obstetrical ServicesMagee-Womens Hospital of UPMCOlga Simionescu, MD, PhDProfessor and Head, 1st Clinic of DermatologyCarol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBarry P Simmons, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRebecca Simmons, MDHallam Hurt Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaNaomi M Simon, MD, MScProfessor, NYU Grossman School of MedicineDirector, Anxiety, Stress and Prolonged Grief ProgramNYU Langone HealthRichard H Simon, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health Sciences CenterMichael Simons, MDRobert W Berliner Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineStephen M Simons, MD, FACSMCo-DirectorSouth Bend-Notre Dame Sports Medicine FellowshipSara Ellis Simonsen, CNM, MSPH, PhDAssociate Professor and Annette Poulson Cumming Presidential Endowed Chair in Women's & Reproductive HealthCollege of NursingAdjunct Associate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterAdjunct Associate ProfessorFamily and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health Science CenterAlexis Simpkins, MD, PhD, MSCR, FAHAStaff Clinician, Vascular Neurology DivisionDepartment of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterHelen Blair Simpson, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityLynn L Simpson, MDSection Editor — ObstetricsProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsKelly Sinclair, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsThe Children's Mercy HospitalAmit G Singal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TXAshwani K Singal, MD, MS, FACG, FAASLDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of South Dakota Transplant Hepatologist, Avera University Health Center and Transplant InstituteChief Clinical Research Affairs, Avera Transplant Institute and Division of HepatologyDaniel E Singer, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan I Singer, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Surgical EmergenciesProfessor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterKamaljeet Singh, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityRakesh K Singh, MD, MSMedical Director, Heart Failure & TransplantationPediatric Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of MedicineTP Singh, MD, MScBoston Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCassian Sitaru, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of FreiburgAlbert L Siu, MD, MSPHProfessorDepartment of Geriatrics and Pallative MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineSamuel C Siu, MD, SM, MBASection Editor — Pregnancy and Heart Disease; Adult Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western OntarioAdjunct Professor of Medicine, Obstetrics, and GynecologyUniversity of TorontoMarco L A Sivilotti, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FACMT, FAACTProfessor of Emergency Medicine and of Biomedical & Molecular SciencesQueen's University, Kingston CanadaBrian Skehan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Psychiatry and PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJoseph A Skelton, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineDirector, Brenner FIT (Families in Training) ProgramBrenner Children's HospitalCharles Sklar, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAndrew Skodol, MDSection Editor — Personality DisordersResearch Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineMark Slabaugh, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniformed Services University of Health SciencesOrthopedics and Joint ReplacementMercy Medical Center, BaltimorePriscilla J Slanetz, MD, MPH, FACRProfessor of RadiologyBoston University Medical CenterAnne Slavotinek, MBBS, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMaria J Small, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke University Medical CenterMatthew R Smeds, MD, FACS, DFSVSProfessor of Surgery, Department of SurgerySaint Louis UniversityGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDouglas Smink, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoC Christopher Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Smith, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorDivisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pulmonary MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiEdward R Smith, MDDepartment of NeurosurgeryChildren's Hospital BostonHarvard Medical SchoolEric E Smith, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of CalgaryJames F Smith, MD, D.BioethicsProfessor, Department of Medical EducationCreighton University School of MedicineJodi Smith, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonJoseph A Smith, MDProfessor and Chairman of Urologic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineJudith A Smith, PharmD, BCOP, CPHQ, FCCP, FHOPA, FISOPPAssociate Professor and DirectorWomen's Health Integrative Medicine Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health McGovern Medical SchoolMeghan B Smith, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and InfertilityUniversity of Southern CaliforniaNicole A Smith, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard JH Smith, MDProfessor of OtolaryngologyUniversity of IowaRoger P Smith, MDAdjunct ProfessorVirginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineSabrina E Smith, MD, PhDPediatric NeurologistKaiser Permanente Oakland Medical CenterSharon R Smith, MDEmergency Medicine Physician, Research Director for the Emergency Department,University of ConnecticutStacy E Smith, MDChief and Distinguished Barbara N Weissman ChairDivision of Musculoskeletal Imaging and InterventionDepartment of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolTimothy W Smith, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineValeria Smith, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineVincent C Smith, MD, MPHAssociate Professor in Pediatrics, Boston University Medical SchoolDivision Chief of Newborn Medicine, Boston Medical CenterHannah F Smitherman, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsPediatric Clerkship DirectorBurnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian UniversityAttending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cook Children's HospitalCharles Jason Smithers, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityWilliam E Smoyer, MD, FASNC. Robert Kidder Chair, Vice President, Clinical and Translational ResearchDirector, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, The Ohio State UniversityScott B Snapper, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGreg Snead, MDChief of Emergency UltrasoundUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesJames V Snyder, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePeter J Snyder, MDEditor-in-Chief — EndocrinologySection Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSérgio Reis Soares, MDDirectorValencian Infertility Institute (IVI) - Lisbon, PortugalJack D Sobel, MDProfessorWayne State University School of MedicineArthur J Sober, MDProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarianna Sockrider, MD, DrPHProfessor of Pediatric PulmonologyBaylor College of MedicineRoland Solensky, MDLecturerOregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of PharmacyDaniel H Solomon, MD, MPHMatthew H. Liang Distinguished Chair in Arthritis and Population HealthProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Somers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMary Beth F Son, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSarita Sonalkar, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family PlanningUniversity of PennsylvaniaEunkyung Song, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State UniversityMurat Sonmezer, MDProfessor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAnkara University School of Medicine, TurkeyGagan K Sood, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineManu R Sood, MBBS, FRCPCH, MD, MScProfessor and Head of the Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois, College of Medicine, PeoriaH Kaz Soong, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesW.K. Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDavid E Soper, MDProfessor and Senior Medical Director of Women's HealthMedical University of South CarolinaMadhuri M Sopirala, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterPaul Sorajja, MDDirector, Center for Valve and Structural Heart Disease Minneapolis Heart InstituteBrian D Soriano, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics & Adjunct Associate Professor of RadiologyHeart Center, Seattle Children's HospitalUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMatthew J Sorrentino, MD, FACCProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoJonathan Soslow, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatric CardiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineRamesh Soundararajan, MD, FACPClinical Associate Professor of Internal MedicineMidwestern University College of MedicineTaunton R Southwood, MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP, FRCPCHEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of Birmingham and Birmingham Children's HospitalDavid I Soybel, MDSection Editor — Upper GI SurgeryEditor-in-Chief — General SurgeryChief of Surgical ServicesDavid H Spach, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJoseph A Sparano, MDDeputy DirectorTisch Cancer InstituteChief, Division of Hematology/OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiEzra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer TherapeuticsStuart J Spechler, MDChief, Division of Gastroenterology Co-Director, Center for Esophageal DiseasesBaylor University Medical Center at DallasInvestigator/ProfessorCo-Director, Center for Esophageal ResearchBaylor Scott and White Research InstituteJacqueline Speed, MDNorth Shore Physicians GroupMichael E Speer, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDenis Spelman, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MPHSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsAdjunct ProfessorMonash UniversityFrederick A Spencer, MDProfessor of MedicineMcMaster UniversityJeanne Spencer, MDProgram DirectorConemaugh Family Medicine ResidencyJonathan M Spergel, MD, PhD, FAAAAIProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDavid R Spielberg, MD, MHScAssistant Professor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMeredith A Spindler, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineCatherine Spong, MDProfessor, Obstetrics and GynecologyChief Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineUniversity of Texas-Southwestern Medical CenterDavid Spragg, MD, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical CenterEli Sprecher, MD, PhD, MBAChair and Professor, Division of DermatologyTel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, IsraelCharles E Spritzer, MDProfessor, Department of RadiologyChief MSK Division Duke University School of MedicineJames E Squires, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionTarak Srivastava, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineMary Allen Staat, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of CincinnatiAnne M Stack, MDSection Editor — Pediatric ProceduresAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarisa Stahl, MD, MSCSAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineThomas O Staiger, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDanielle A Stamm, RN, MSN, FNP-BCClinical Coordinator and Lead Advanced Practice NurseCenter for Advanced Intestinal RehabilitationBoston Children's HospitalPeter P Stanich, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDirector, Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary PolyposisThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterNancy Stanwood, MD, MPH, FACOG, FSFPChief Medical Officer, Planned Parenthood of Southern New EnglandClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale UniversityMichael P Stany, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterDepartment of Gynecologic OncologySt. Thomas Midtown HospitalF Bruder Stapleton, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSusan Stapleton, DNP, CNM, FACNMChairResearch Committee for The American Association of Birth CentersClinical Vice ChairCommission for the Accreditation of Birth CentersPrincipal Author of the National Birth Center Study, 2005-2007Michela Starace, MD, PhDJunior Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyAnn R Stark, MDProfessor in Residence of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Faculty Development, Department of NeonatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterJeffrey R Starke, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJoanna L Starrels, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical CenterThomas Stasko, MDProfessor - Department of DermatologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterWendy Stead, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGraeme S Steele, MBBCh, FCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine T Steele, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaAndrew Steer, MBBS, PhD, FRACPHonorary ProfessorDepartment of Paediatrics, University of MelbournePediatric Infectious Diseases Physician, Royal Children's Hospital MelbourneDirector, Infection and Immunity Research Theme, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteKristine Steffen, PharmD, PhDResearch ScientistNeuropsychiatric Research InstituteS J Steggerda, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyKatrina Steiling, MD, MScAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineJames H Stein, MDRobert Turell Professor in Cardiovascular ResearchDirector, Preventive CardiologyDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine DivisionUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMelissa Stein, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineMurray B Stein, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — PsychiatrySection Editor — Anxiety DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoJody Steinauer, MD, MAS, PhDSection Editor — Family PlanningProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoMartin H Steinberg, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University School of MedicineMarkus J Steiner, PhDSenior EpidemiologistFHI 360Joanna Steinglass, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical PsychiatryColumbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric InstituteMichael Steinman, MDProfessor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco and the San Francisco VA Medical CenterCourtney D Stephenson, DO, FACOGClinical ProfessorUNC Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineFetal InterventionIain Stephenson, MD, FRCPSenior Lecturer in Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospitals of Leicester, UKTimothy R Sterling, MDProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryC Philip Steuber, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineDennis L Stevens, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDavid B Stewart, MD, FACS, FASCRSProfessor and Division Chief, General SurgerySouthern Illinois UniversityDonna Stewart, CM, MD, FRCPCUniversity Professor of Psychiatry, Ob-Gyn, Medicine, Surgery, Anesthesia, and Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Toronto and University Health NetworkElizabeth A Stewart, MDConsultant and Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic and Alix School of MedicineJane Stewart, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPatricia H Stewart, MDAllergy & ImmunologyMississippi Center for Advanced MedicineE Richard Stiehm, MDDistinguished Research Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAPaul C Stillwell, MDSenior Instructor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute Children’s Hospital ColoradoMaxine Stitzer, PhDEmerita Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSenior Research ScientistFriends Research Institute, BaltimoreSylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, MD, PhD, MBA, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaHead Division of Biochemical DiseasesBC, CanadaElena Stoffel, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDirector, Cancer Genetics ClinicUniversity of MichiganJeff Stokes, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAIProfessor of PediatricsWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineAndrew Stolbach, MD, MPH, FAACT, FACMT, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicJoanne Stone, MDDirectorDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineProfessorMount Sinai Medical SchoolJon Stone, FRCP, PhDHonorary Professor of NeurologyUniversity of EdinburghKatherine M Stone, MDMedical EpidemiologistKimberly P Stone, MD, MS, MAAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSean M Stone, MD, FACEPEmergency Medicine PhysicianWillamette Falls Medical CenterNaomi E Stotland, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San Francisco*karen Stout, MDProfessorCardiology/Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonJeffrey Stovall, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryVanderbilt School of MedicineThomas G Stovall, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of TennesseeDiane E Stover, MDEditor — Respiratory InfectionsChief, Pulmonary ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMichael Stowasser, MDDirectorEndocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteGreenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, AustraliaAndrea Stracciolini, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEric Strain, MDDirector, Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and ResearchDirector, Behavioral Pharmacology Research UnitJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineLisa Strate, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolPamela Stratton, MDSenior GynecologistIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthJ Michael Straughn, Jr, MDProfessorDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRobert A Strauss, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJeffrey Strawn, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of CincinnatiScott Stringer, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterBruce E Strober, MD, PhDClinical ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterJared Strote, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher G Strother, MDAssistant Professor, Emergency Medicine and PediatricsMount Sinai School of MedicineJohn Strouse, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine and PediatricsDirector, Adult Sickle Cell ProgramDuke University School of MedicineKeith E Stuart, MDVice Chair, Hematology and Oncology Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine,Tufts University School of MedicineJason R Stubbs, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterAlison Stuebe, MD, MScProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineTodd Stultz, DDS, MDStaff, Section of NeuroradiologyImaging InstituteCleveland ClinicJack M Su, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorTexas Children's Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineMark K Su, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineNew York University School of MedicineFrederick J Suchy, MD, FAASLDSenior Research StrategistChildren’s Hospital Colorado Research InstituteProfessor of Pediatrics, Associate Dean for Child Health ResearchUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAlan Sugar, MDProfessor and Vice Chair, Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWK Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolKathryn N Suh, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa, CanadaJohn L Sullivan, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of MassachusettsC Gail Summers, MDProfessor Emerita, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual NeurosciencesUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MNAngela Sun, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle Children's HospitalRobert Sundel, MDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolHille Suojalehto, MD, PhDChief physician, adjunct professorFinnish Institute of Occupational HealthTrisha Suppes, MD, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry & Behavioral ScienceStanford/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemRakesh M Suri, MD, DPhilProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicMartin I Surks, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBernhard Suter, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics & NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineJennifer A Sutter, MDClinical Associate ProfessorBrody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityV Reid Sutton, MDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineNijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, MDProfessor of NeurologyChulalongkorn University Medical SchoolAnna Svatikova, MD, PhDSenior Associate Consultant, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo ClinicAssistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo ClinicHans Sviggum, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaMayo ClinicBritta Svoren, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterGeeta K Swamy, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityDavid L Swanson, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyMayo ClinicVineeta T Swaroop, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityHolly A Swartz, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMary M Sweeney, PhDInstructor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Bayview Medical CenterSusan Swetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirector, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma ProgramPhysician Leader, Cancer Care Program in Cutaneous OncologyStanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemReema Syed, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology and Pediatric Rheumatology Washington University in Saint LouisRobyn Sysko, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiDavid M Systrom, MD, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarold Szerlip, MD, FACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKFClinical Professor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaAdjunct Professor of MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineMoira A Szilagyi, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)Theresa Tacy, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University Lucile Packard Children's HospitalJonathan Taffe, MDShands Teaching PhysicianUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGeorge E Taffet, MDProfessor in MedicineRobert J Luchi MD Chair in Geriatric MedicineBaylor College of MedicineAlphonse Taghian, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolPaula Tähtinen, MD, PhDClinical Lecturer, Adjunct Professor Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuPatricia Tai, MB, BSClinical OncologistProfessor, University of SaskatchewanCanada Department of Radiation Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer CenterHonorary Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, ChinaDanielle S Takacs, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalClifford M Takemoto, MDSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyChief, Division of Clinical HematologyMember, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMalavika Tampi, MPHManagerAmerican Dental Association Center for Evidence-Based DentistryKathrine R Tan, MD, MPHTeam LeadDomestic Response Team, Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionSidhartha Tan, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicinePuneeta Tandon, MD, FRCPCAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Alberta, CanadaBaron Tang, PT, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPTFaculty at Evidence in MotionChristine C Tangney, PhDProfessor of Clinical NutritionRush University Medical CenterVin Tangpricha, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineJasmine Tan-Kim, MDVoluntary Assistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoLynn T Tanoue, MDProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineKelan Tantisira, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoIgnacio E Tapia, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaMary-Ellen Taplin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIra N Targoff, MDSection Editor — Muscle DiseaseProfessor of Medicine, Section of RheumatologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterKatherine Tarlock, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of WashingtonResearch Associate, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterPhillip I Tarr, MDMelvin E. Carnahan Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Molecular MicrobiologyChief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & NutritionWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineDaniel Tarsy, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert C Tasker, MBBS, MDProfessor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolDimitris N Tatakis, DDS, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of PeriodontologyThe Ohio State University College of DentistryRobert V Tauxe, MD, MPHDirector, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, andEnvironmental DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionCharles T Taylor, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoCole Taylor, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesGeorge A Taylor, MDJohn A Kirkpatrick Professor Emeritus of Radiology (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolNicholas P Taylor, MDSection Chief of Gynecologic OncologySt. Lukes HospitalTemple UniversitySharonda A Taylor, MD, FAAP, FSAHM, Dipl. of ABOMAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineSection Medical Director, Teens Working on Wellness Adolescent Weight Management Clinic Director, Pediatric Obesity Elective Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's HospitalTerrie E Taylor, DOUniversity Distinguished Professor, MSU Foundation ProfessorCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State UniversityStephen J Teach, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesAyalew Tefferi, MDProfessor of Medicine and HematologyMayo Medical SchoolJonathan E Teitelbaum, MDClinical ProfessorRobert Wood Johnson School of MedicineScott A Teitelbaum, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaScott Temple, PhDClinical Professor, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsDavid A Tendler, MDAssistant Consulting Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityJoyce MC Teng, MD, PhD, FAADClinical Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineEng-Kiong Teo, MDGastroenterologistChangi General Hospital, SingaporeWan-Yee Teo, MBBS, FAAP, MRCPCH (UK), FRCP Edin, PhDAssistant Professor Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolAdjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth TePas, MD, MSSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Allergy and ImmunologyDeputy Editor — PediatricsInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAmanda M Termuhlen, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolJun Teruya, MD, DScProfessor of Pathology & Immunology, Pediatrics, and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineGisela M Terwindt, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterAnjala Tess, MDAssistant Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJeanette M Tetrault, MD, FACP, FASAMProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineWilliam P Tew, MDAssociate MemberMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew York Presbyterian HospitalAngela Tewari, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, PhDKing’s College, LondonMatthew Tews, DOProfessor of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine – West LafayetteStephen Textor, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester, MinnesotaRavi I Thadhani, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Department of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterGeorge Thanassoulis, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector, Preventive and Genomic CardiologyMcGill University Health CenterMichael Thase, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineArthur C Theodore, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineJay R Thiagarajah, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAttending Physician, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalDiane Thiboutot, MDProfessor and Vice Chair of Dermatology ResearchPenn State University College of MedicineHolger Thiele, MD, FESCProfessor of MedicineDirectorHeart Center Leipzig at University of LeipzigGeorge Thomas, MD, MPH, FACP, FASNDirector, Center for Blood Pressure Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineKarl W Thomas, MDProfessor of Medicine - Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and ImmunologyWake Forest School of MedicineTonya N Thomas, MDAssociate Staff in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryCenter for Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health InstituteCleveland ClinicB Taylor Thompson, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJennifer L Thompson, MDAssistant Professor Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterLinda Thompson, MDCook Children's HospitalFort Worth, TexasChandrashekhar Thukral, MD, PhDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Illinois, College of Medicine at RockfordChristopher A Thurber, PhD, ABPPCounseling and Psychological ServicesPhillips Exeter AcademyAndrea R Thurman, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyCONRAD Clinical Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolEllen Tilden, PhD, CNM, RN, FACNMAssistant ProfessorOregon Health and Science UniversitySchool of Nursing Department of Nurse-Midwifery and School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyIlan E Timor-Tritsch, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of OB/GYN UltrasoundNew York University School of MedicineChristopher Tinkle, MD, PhDAssociate Member, Department of Radiation OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalDanica Tiodorovic, PhD, MDAssociate ProfessorClinic of Dermatovenerology, Clinical Center of Nis Medical FacultyUniversity of Nis, SerbiaJohn S Tipton, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaAndres Tirado-Sanchez, MDProfessor of Dermatology Anahuac University and Tecnológico de MonterreyJohn E Tis, MDChief, Pediatric OrthopaedicsMid-Atlantic Permanente Medical GroupAlan Thevenet N Tita, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Maternal Fetal Medicine DivisionDirector, Center for Women's Reproductive Health University of Alabama at BirminghamStephen Titus, MDProgram DirectorBaylor Family Medicine ResidencyAaron Tobian, MD, PhDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineProfessor of Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology Director, Transfusion Medicine DivisionSchool of Medicine Bloomberg School of Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniversityDerrick J Todd, MD, PhDInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGeoffrey H Tofler, MDProfessor of CardiologyUniversity of Sydney, AustraliaResearch FellowHarvard Medical SchoolMarc R Toglia, MDDirector, Urogynecology Associates of PhiladelphiaChief, Division of Urogynecology - Mainline HospitalsAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PARoulhac d'Arby Toledano, PhD, MDDirector, Obstetric Anesthesia NYU Langone – BrooklynClinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia, NYU Langone HealthTadanori Tomita, MDYeager Professor, Division of Pediatric NeurosurgeryAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineBurkhard Tönshoff, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics and Pediatric NephrologyUniversity Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, GermanyMark Topazian, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Digestive DiseaseMayo ClinicMary M Torchia, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsAntonella Tosti, MDProfessor of Clinical DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiRaymond R Townsend, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaEmanuel C Trabuco, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of UrogynecologyMayo ClinicErin E Tracy, MDAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAvram Z Traum, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAxel Trautmann, MDProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyUniversity Hospital WuerzburgMarsha J Treadwell, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsDivision of HematologyUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital OaklandJames R Treat, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaIndi Trehan, MD, MPH, DTM&HAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Global Health, and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonGlenn J Treisman, MD, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineCécile Tremblay, MDProfessorUniversity of Montreal, CanadaJohn K Triedman, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAlex Troncoso, MDAttending Physician, Department of Emergency MedicineRiverview Medical CenterPauline T Truong, MDCMClinical Professor of Radiation OncologyUniversity of British ColumbiaCanadaKenneth Y Tsai, MD, PhDSenior Member, Departments of Pathology and Tumor BiologyH Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteWendy Tsang, MDAssistant ProfessorToronto General HospitalUniversity of TorontoJoel Tsevat, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Director, Center for Research to Advance Community HealthUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioProfessor of Population HealthDell Medical School, University of Texas at AustinFrank F Tu, MD, MPHVice Chair for Quality & Division Director, GynecologyNorthShore University HealthSystemClinical ProfessorUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineNaiwen D Tu, MDPediatricianTexas Children's Pediatrics - Pediatric Medical GroupSusan Tuddenham, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Johns HopkinsJoAnn M Tufariello, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAykut Tugertimur, MD, FACCAttending Pediatric CardiologistAssistant Professor of PediatricsHofstra Northwell School of MedicineTogas Tulandi, MD, MHCM, FRCSC, FACOG, FCAHSProfessor and Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologyMilton Leong Chair in Reproductive MedicineMcGill University, CanadaElaine I Tuomanen, MDChair, Infectious DiseasesSt Jude Children's Research HospitalRenee M Turchi, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDrexel University College of Medicine and Community Health and PreventionDrexel University School of Public HealthTeri Lee Turner, MD, MPH, MEdProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDavid Turok, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahDirector, Division of Family PlanningDirector, Family Planning FellowshipKatherine R Tuttle, MD, FASN, FACP, FNKFProfessor of Medicine, Nephrology DivisionKidney Research Institute, Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of WashingtonR Michael Tuttle, MDProfessor of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMiriam S Udler, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaurence C Udoff, MDReproductive EndocrinologistGenetics and IVF InstituteNathan Uebelho*r, MDDermatologistNaval Medical Center, San DiegoLynne Uhl, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJouni Uitto, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous BiologyThomas Jefferson UniversityNicole J Ullrich, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJürgen Unützer, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of WashingtonRashmi Unwala, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of DermatologyCleveland ClinicSanthosh A Upadhyaya, MDAssistant Member, Dept. of Oncology, Division of Neuro-OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalD Scott Upton, MDSports MedicinePrivate Practice, San DiegoRenata R Urban, MDAssociate ProfessorGynecologic OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineNeil G Uspal, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonAttending PhysicianSeattle Children's HospitalRobert G Uzzo, MD, MBA, FACSG. Willing "Wing" Pepper Chair in Cancer ResearchProfessor and Chairman, Department of SurgeryAdjunct Professor of Bioengineering, Temple University College of EngineeringFox Chase Cancer CenterTemple University School of MedicineNimish B Vakil, MD, AGAF, FACP, FACG, FASGEClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthFidel A Valea, MDProfessorZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversitySystem Chief of Gynecologic OncologyNorthwell Health Cancer InstituteRudolph P Valentini, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineJesus G Vallejo, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMichael Van Ameringen, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityAndré P van Beek, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen, the NetherlandsFrank van Bel, MD, PhDProfessor of Neonatology Emeritus, Department of Neonatology Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center, Utrecht, The NetherlandsFoke van Delft, MD, FEBGHDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsMartin van den Bent, MD, PhDDaniel den Hoed Oncology CenterNeuro-Oncology UnitSanne M van der Kooij, MD, PhDGynaecologistNoordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Den HelderHilde Van Esch, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity Hospitals LeuvenRichard A Van Etten, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineClara Van Karnebeek, MD, PhDProfessor in Pediatrics, Head of Department of Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical CentresAmalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, NijmegenCatherine Van Poznak, MDAssociate Professor Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAstrid van Tubergen, MD, PhDProfessor of RheumatologyMaastricht University Medical CenterRaymond Vanholder, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity Hospital, Ghent, BelgiumJohn Varga, MDFrederick G Huetwell ProfessorChief of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganMichael W Varner, MDProfessor, Maternal-Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterJoseph Varon, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FRSMProfessor of Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonClinical Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical BranchRamachandran S Vasan, MD, DM, FACCProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineNeelam Vashi, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyBoston University School of MedicineAaron Vaughan, MD, CAQSMMAHEC Family Medicine Physician, Sports Medicine DirectorPrimary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship DirectorUNC Health Sciences at MAHECMonica S Vavilala, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSara R Vazquez, PharmD, BCPS, CACPClinical PharmacistUniversity of Utah HealthSanthi Swaroop Vege, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicPat R Vehrs, PhD, FACSMAssociate ProfessorBrigham Young UniversityLarissa I Velez, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterAdrian Vella, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicJohn Vella, MD, FACP, FRCP, FASN, FASTSection Editor — Kidney TransplantationAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineShambhavi Venkataraman, MDChief of Breast Imaging, UMass Memorial Health Alliance-Clinton HospitalAssistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Medical CenterJames Verbsky, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics and Microbiology/ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinPaolo Vercellini, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyElizabeth C Verna, MD, MScAssistant Professor of MedicineColumbia UniversityDavid M Vernick, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolRichard S Vetter, MSDepartment of EntomologyUniversity of California, RiversideSebastien Viatte, MD, PhDLecturer in GeneticsCentre for Genetics and Genomics Versus ArthritisThe University of Manchester, UKElliott P Vichinsky, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoG Wesley Vick, III, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAlex C Vidaeff, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineAllison Vidimos, MDChairman, Department of DermatologyVice Chairman, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicAnthony J Viera, MD, MPHProfessor and Chair, Family Medicine and Community HealthDuke University School of MedicineEduard Vieta, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of BarcelonaSimone Vigod, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoAdele Viguera, MDDirector of Research, Women’s Mental Health; Assistant Professor in PsychiatryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineSandeep Vijan, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganMiikka Vikkula, MD, PhDProfessor of Human GeneticsLaboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve InstituteCatholic University of LouvainAlessandro Villa, DDS, PhD, MPHChief of Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and DentistryProfessor, Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineXavier Villa, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at Marshall UniversityTodd C Villines, MD, FACC, FAHA, MSCCTProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemJeffrey Vittengl, PhDProfessor of PsychologyTruman State UniversityPaolo Vitti, MDProfessorUniversity of Pisa, ItalyFrederick B Vivino, MD, MS, FACRDirector Emeritus, Penn Sjögren's Syndrome CenterProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicineRuth Ann Vleugels, MD, MPH, MBAAssociate Professor in DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolNghia "Jack" Vo, MDProfessor of Radiology, Chief of Pediatric RadiologyMedical College of Wisconsin and Children's WisconsinPediatric Diagnostic and Vascular Interventional RadiologistJerry Vockley, MD, PhDCleveland Family Professor of Pediatric ResearchProfessor of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghBetty R Vohr, MDProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityCharles M Vollmer, Jr, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineTimothy J Von Fange, MDFamily Medicine and Sports Performance Clinical FacultySt. Vincent Family Medicine ResidencyL Erik von Hahn, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsTufts University School of MedicineNeeta Vora, MDProfessorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineHarish Vyas, DM, FRCP, FRCPCHProfessor in Paediatric Intensive Care and Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, EnglandFrans J Th Wackers, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Diagnostic Radiology and MedicineYale University School of MedicineWillis H Wagner, MDProfessor of SurgeryDivision of Vascular SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterIhab Wahba, MD, FACP, FASNAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineCarol A Waksmonski, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterGary A Walco, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAnna Wald, MD, MPHSection Editor — Sexually Transmitted DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WashingtonArnold Wald, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, MadisonEllen R Wald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthRon Wald, MDCM, MPH, FRCPCAssociate Professor, Department of Medicine University of TorontoAmy T Waldman, MDAssistant Professor of Child NeurologyChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineIrwin D Waldman, PhDProfessor of PsychologyEmory UniversityDavid Richard Walega, MDAssociate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineZachary Wendell Walker, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJohn T Walkup, MDProfessor of PsychiatryChair, Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAnn and Robert H. Lurie Children’s HospitalL Lewis Wall, MD, DPhilSelina Okin Kim Conner Professor Emeritus in Arts and SciencesProfessor Emeritus of Anthropology and Obstetrics & GynecologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MOMichael Wall, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineDaniel J Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThe David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAEric Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRobin Wallace, MD, MASCampus Health Services, University of North CarolinaPlanned Parenthood South AtlanticManfred Wallner, MDDepartment of Internal Medicine IVSection of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen - Wels, AustriaTheresa Walls, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaB Timothy Walsh, MDProfessor of PsychiatryColumbia UniversityJeremy D Walston, MDRaymond and Anna Lublin Professor of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBill Walter, MBBS, FRACS, PhDProfessorUniversity of SydneyJolan Walter, MD, PhDRobert A Good Chair, Associate Professor, Pediatrics and MedicineDivision Chief, Pediatric Allergy/ImmunologyUniversity of South FloridaJohns Hopkins All Children's HospitalMark D Walters, MDProfessor of SurgeryUrogynecology and Pelvic Floor DisordersObstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health InstituteCleveland ClinicEdward Walton, MDClinical Professor, Emergency MedicineCentral Michigan University College of MedicineMark Waltzman, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKarolyn Wanat, MDAssociate ProfessorMedical College of WisconsinRonald JA Wanders, PhDProfessor of Clinical Enzymology of Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAndrew Wang, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Health SystemGeorge Sam Wang, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusChildren's Hospital ColoradoJulie Wang, MDProfessor of PediatricsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLisa L Wang, MDAssociate ProfessorPediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineXia Wang, MD, PhDResearch AssociateAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBradley A Warady, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas CityDana S Ward, MDAssociate Professor Emerita of DermatologyUniversity of MissouriDawn Ward, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Transfusion Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAKatherine T Ward, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterMark A Ward, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRussell E Ware, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsDirector, Division of HematologyUniversity of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCatherine Gupta Warner, MDPediatric DermatologistChildren's Hospital of AtlantaLee Warner, PhD, MPHChief, Women’s Health and Fertility Branch, Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionChristine B Warren, MD, MSStaffDepartment of Dermatology, Cleveland ClinicJohn J Warren, DDS, MSProfessor of Preventive and Community DentistryUniversity of IowaLisa Warren, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAri J Wassner, MDMedical Director, Thyroid Center, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolTerry Watnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineKalman Watsky, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyYale Medical SchoolAlice J Watson, MD, MPHAttending DermatologistBrigham and Women’s HospitalAssistant Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph R Wax, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineLaura L Wayman, MDProfessor and Vice Chair for EducationJames H. Elliott DirectorOphthalmology and Visual SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterVanderbilt Eye InstituteWayne R Waz, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesDonald L Weaver, MDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineDavid J Weber, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics and EpidemiologyUniversity of North Carolina Schools of Medicine and Public HealthPeter C Weber, MD, FACSProfessor and Head, Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterDaniel S Wechsler, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics & Director of Pediatric OncologyThomas R. Giddens ChairAflac Cancer & Blood Disorders CenterChildren's Healthcare of AtlantaEmory University School of MedicineHarrison G Weed, MS, MD, FACPProfessor of Internal MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineAndrew Weeks, MD, MRCOGProfessor of International Maternal HealthSanyu Research UnitUniversity of LiverpoolElisabeth K Wegner, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineSven Wehner, PhDProfessor of Immune PathophysiologyUniversity Medical Center, BonnDarcy K Weidemann, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas CityMarilyn Weigner, MD, FACCClinical Associate Professor of MedicineThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAmy Weil, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine and Social MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAaron S Weinberg, MD, MPhilNational Director of Program Development & Clinical Research at Carbon Health Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterMelissa Weinberg, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoMiles Weinberger, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of IowaSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansLauren Weinberger Conlon, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaDebra K Weiner, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Clinical & Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghGeriatric Research, Education & Clinical CenterVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemDebra L Weiner, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMelvin P Weinstein, MDEmeritus Professor of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolMilena M Weinstein, MD, FACOGAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalRuth S Weinstock, MD, PhDDistinguished Service ProfessorSUNY Upstate Medical UniversityAmy C Weintrob, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe George Washington University and Veterans Affairs Medical CenterLeonard E Weisman, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBarry D Weiss, MDProfessor of Family & Community MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineGünter Weiss, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and BiochemistryInnsbruck Medical UniversityPamela F Weiss, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDivision of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaRoy E Weiss, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairmanUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineScott L Weiss, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and PediatricsThe Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of PennsylvaniaScott T Weiss, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura Weissman, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCarol Weitzman, MDProfessor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineJennifer S Weizer, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan Kellogg Eye CenterRosanna Weksberg, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FCCMG, FACMGProfessorUniversity of Toronto Senior Associate ScientistThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenPeter F Weller, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Tropical MedicineWilliam Bosworth Castle Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthCorrine K Welt, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark H Wener, MDSection Editor — Diagnostic Issues in RheumatologyProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Medicine/RheumatologyUniversity of WashingtonKatharine D Wenstrom, MDProfessor of Medical ScienceAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityNaissan O Wesley, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesJames C West, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesPatrick West, MDClinical Instructor, Medical Toxicology FellowDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityStaff Physician, Department of Emergency MedicinePortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDavid A Wetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNDeborah J Wexler, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClinical DirectorMGH Diabetes CenterMark A Whealy, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyDivision of HeadacheDepartment of NeurologyMayo Clinic RochesterStephanie G Wheeler, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher Whinney, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineAmanda Whitaker, MDAssistant Professor-PracticeNationwide Children’s HospitalOrthopaedic SurgeryThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineDavid C Whitcomb, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pancreatic DiseasesProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJulian White, AM, MB, BS, MD, FACTMProfessorThe University of AdelaideKlane White, MDChildren's Hospital of ColoradoProfessor, Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChristopher T Whitlow, MD, PhD, MHAAssociate Professor and Chief of NeuroradiologyWake Forest School of MedicineHeather E Whitson, MD, MHSProfessor of Medicine and OphthalmologyDivision of GeriatricsDuke University Medical CenterTimothy J Wiegand, MD, FACMT, FAACT, DFASAMDirector of Medical Toxicology and Toxicology Consult ServiceAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineURMC and Strong Memorial HospitalConstance M Wiemann, PhDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHarold C Wiesenfeld, MD, CMProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineFredrick M Wigley, MDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineArek Wiktor, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryBurn, Trauma, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDuncan Wilcox, MDSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology, The Ponzio Family Chair in Pediatric UrologyUniversity of ColoradoRebecca S Wilder, BSDH, MSProfessor, Associate Dean for Professional Development and Faculty Affairs, Office of the Dean, Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of DentistryHans Wildiers, MD, PhDDepartment of General Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumMultidisciplinary Breast CenterUniversity Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumAngus Wilfong, MDChief of NeurologyBarrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's HospitalProfessor, Child Health and Neurology, University of Arizona - PhoenixLaurie Wilkie, MD, MSDeputy Editor — PediatricsLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRein Willemze, MDProfessor of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterShaina Willen, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineUC Davis Medical CenterChristopher G Willett, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessorDuke University Medical SchoolEric A Williams, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJohn Williams, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke UniversityKenneth H Wilson, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterMary Elizabeth Wilson, MDClinical Professor of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoAdjunct Professor of Global Health and PopulationHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthPeter WF Wilson, MDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineDeanne Wilson-Costello, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector of High Risk Follow-upRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalStephan Windecker, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyBern University HospitalJohn R Wingard, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineBeverly Winikoff, MD, MPHPresident, Gynuity Health ProjectsProfessor of Clinical Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityJohn W Winkelman, MD, PhDChief, Sleep Disorders Clinical Research ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolHarland S Winter, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoyce E Wipf, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFranz J Wippold II, MD, FACRProfessor of RadiologyMallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineAdjunct Professor of Radiology/Radiological SciencesUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesChristopher M Wise, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemMerrill S Wise, MDPediatric Sleep Medicine SpecialistMid-South Pulmonary and Sleep SpecialistsSelma F Witchel, MDDirector, Pediatric Endocrinology, Fellowship Training Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChar Witmer, MD, MSCEClinical Associate Professor, Division of HematologyThe University of PennsylvaniaThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaKatherine H Wolpert, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineBenjamin Wong, DSc, MD, PhDHonorary Clinical ProfessorDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongCynthia A Wong, MDProfessor of AnesthesiaUniversity of Iowa HealthcareEric T Wong, MD, FANA, FAANProfessor of Neurology, Medicine, Neurosurgery & Radiation OncologyThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJohn B Wong, MDChief, Division of Clinical Decision MakingProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJulia S Wong, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolMelisa L Wong, MD, MASAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterRonald J Wong, BASenior Research Scientist, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineBrian R Wood, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonRobert A Wood, MDEditor-in-Chief — Allergy and ImmunologySection Editor — Pediatric AllergySection Editor — Pediatric AllergyProfessor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDavid T Woodley, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of DermatologyThe Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaCharles R Woods, MD, MSChair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee College of Medicine – ChattanoogaGeoff Woods, ChB, MB, MD, FRCP, FMedSciProfessor of Human GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeGeorge A Woodward, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineClinton B Wright, MD, MSDirector, Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthJ Tim Wright, DDS, MSProfessor of Pediatric DentistryThe University of North CarolinaJason D Wright, MDSol Goldman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJonathan L Wright, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterMichael J Wright, MBChB, MScConsultant in Clinical GeneticsNorthern Genetics ServiceNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustTeresa S Wright, MD, FAAD, FAAPAssociate Professor, Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterDivision Chief, Pediatric DermatologyLeBonheur Children's HospitalJulian K Wu, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryTufts University School of MedicinePeggy A Wu, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisVelyn Wu, MD, FAAFPAssistant Clinical Professor, University of Florida College of MedicineYvonne Wu, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoBlair J Wylie, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterJohn V Wylie, MD, FACCAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University of MedicineStavra A Xanthakos, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineKangpu Xu, PhD, HCLDProfessor of Embryology in Clinical Reproductive MedicineDirector, Laboratory of Preimplantation Genetics Center for Reproductive Medicine and InfertilityWeill Cornell Medical College of Cornell UniversityJoel Yager, MDSection Editor — Eating DisordersProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineShadi Yaghi, MD, FAHAProfessor of Neurology and Vascular Neurology Division ChiefThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityHideko Yamauchi, MDAdjunct InstructorDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery,Juntendo University School of MedicineDirector of Breast Surgical OncologyBreast CenterSt. Luke's International HospitalTokyo, JapanKim B Yancey, MDProfessor & Chair, Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in DallasJanet YK Yang, MBBS, MRCPCHClinical FellowMcMaster UniversitySri G Yarlagadda, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterCatheryn Yashar, MDProfessor of Radiation Medicine and Applied SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoAmber M Yates, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSigal Yawetz, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJinoos Yazdany, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoDonald M Yealy, MD, FACEPProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDaniel Dante Yeh, MD, MHPE, FACS, FCCM, FASPENProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of MiamiRyder Trauma CenterDepartment of Surgery, Division of TraumaSylvia Yeh, MDProfessorDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarbor-UCLA Medical Center, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJames Yiannias, MDProfessorMayo Clinic College of MedicineJenny H Yiee, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, UrvineShan Yin, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineDivision of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's HospitalMedical Director, Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information CenterLinwah Yip, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKimberly A Yonkers, MDKatz Family Endowed ChairProfessor and Chair of the Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial HealthcarePeter Yorgin, MDClinical Professor of Pediatric NephrologyRady Children's Hospital, University of California San DiegoShunsuke Yoshida, MD, MSAttending SurgeonPlastic, Reconstructive, and MicrosurgeryAurora Healthcare, Greater Milwaukee NorthGil Yosipovitch, MDDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineAntony R Young, PhDEmeritus Professor of Experimental BiologySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonCraig Young, MDProfessor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Family and Community MedicineMedical College of WisconsinHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health SciencesG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaLisa R Young, MDProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaMichael P Young, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Nevada at Reno School of MedicineSera L Young, MA, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Anthropology & Global Health StudiesFellow, Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineAlan S L Yu, MB, BChirHarry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterDavid T Yu, MDEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of California Los AngelesElaine W Yu, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolShirley Yu, BSc (Med), MBBS, MPH, FRACPRoyal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint ResearchKolling Institute, University of SydneySydney, AustraliaAngela S Yuan, MDUrogynecologistTrinity Health of New EnglandShan Yuan, MDAssociate ProfessorCity of HopeMichi Yukawa, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoMedical Director of San Francisco Jewish Home Acute Rehabilitation UnitTheodore H Yuo, MD, MScAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMark Yurkofsky, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNikolaos Zacharias, MD, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist and Director of Medical Education, Obstetrix Medical Group of HoustonMaternal-Fetal Medicine Consultant, Saint Joseph's Medical Center, HoustonClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics/Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Houston College of MedicineKimon C Zachary, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHoward A Zacur, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineAndrea L Zaenglein, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsPenn State/Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterKen Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWMClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical CenterFormer Emergency Programs Medical Director, State of AlaskaCraig Zaidman, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSalam F Zakko, MD, FACP, AGAFExecutive Director, Connecticut Clinical Research InstituteMedical Director, Connecticut Gastroenterology InstituteConsultant Gastroenterologist, Connecticut GIClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of MedicineIris Zalaudek, MDHead of the Dermatology ClinicUniversity of TriesteCraig H Zalvan, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellAdjunct Professor of Otolaryngology, New York Medical CollegeAdjunct Professor, Communications Disorders, Speech Pathology, Mercy CollegeRichard D Zane, MDSection Editor — Emergency Medical Services/Disaster MedicineProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineRobert Zeiser, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgCarolyn M Zelop, MDClinical Professor of Ob/GynNew York University School of MedicineJoseph Zenga, MDAssistant ProfessorMedical College of WisconsinChloe Zera, MD, MPHDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical CenterChrista S Zerbe, MD, MSDirector, Clinical Patient Services Program Director, Infectious Disease FellowshipLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAIDYanming Zhang, MDAttendingDirector of Cytogenetics LaboratoryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLee C Zhao, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Urology and Plastic SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthYongdong Zhao, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorSeattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of MedicineLida Zheng, MDAssistant ProfessorNorthwestern UniversityMirjana Ziemer, MD, PhDSenior Physician, Dermatologist, and DermatohistopathologistDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology, and AllergologyUniversity Hospital Leipzig, GermanyPeter J Zimetbaum, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark Zimmerman, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryBrown University School of MedicineRoland Zimmermann, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of ZurichMatthew J Zirwas, MDAssociate Clinical ProfessorOhio University Heritage College of MedicineSidney Zisook, MDDistinguished Professor of PsychiatryUC San DiegoNaamah Zitomersky, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolPediatric Gastroenterologist, IBD Center, Boston Children's HospitalOliver Zivanovic, MDAttending SurgeonMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAssistant ProfessorCornell Weill Medical CollegeHuda Y Zoghbi, MDProfessor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam A Zoghbi, MD, FASE, FAHA, MACCSection Editor — Valve DiseaseProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of CardiologyElkins Family Distinguished Chair in Cardiac Health Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center Houston Methodist HospitalJohn J Zone, MDSection Editor — Bullous DiseaseProfessor, Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahStéphane Zuily, MD, MPH, PhDProfessor of MedicineNancy School of Medicine of Lorraine UniversityAttending PhysicianVascular Medicine Division, Nancy Academic HospitalFrancesco Zulian, MDChief, Pediatric Rheumatology UnitUniversity of Padua, ItalyChristie Zunker, PhD, CPH, CHESEvaluation Scientist at ICF InternationalBruce Zuraw, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoFiona Zwald, MD, MRCPIAssistant Professor of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology - Emory UniversityJeffrey Zwerner, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyVanderbilt UniversityPeer ReviewersLynne T Braun, PhD, RN, CNPUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberProfessor of NursingRush University College of NursingJanis R Guilbeau, DNP, RN, FNP-BCUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberEndowed Professor of Nursing University of Louisiana College of Nursing and Allied Health Professions

CloseAuthors and Editors in PediatricsAuthors and Editors in PediatricsEditors-in-ChiefSheldon L Kaplan, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor Baylor College of MedicineF Bruder Stapleton, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDeputy EditorsCarrie Armsby, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineAlison G Hoppin, MDDeputy Editor — UpToDate, PediatricsMary M Torchia, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsLaurie Wilkie, MD, MSDeputy Editor — PediatricsSection EditorsSteven A Abrams, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Department of PediatricsDell Medical School at the University of Texas at AustinMarilyn Augustyn, MDSection Editor — Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsAssociate ProfessorBoston University School of MedicineLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalDiane Blake, MDSection Editor — Adolescent MedicineProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJames F Chmiel, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsIndiana University School of Medicine/Riley Hospital for Children at IU HealthJan E Drutz, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor Emeritus of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTeresa K Duryea, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAbigail English, JDSection Editor — Adolescent MedicineDirectorCenter for Adolescent Health & the LawHelen V Firth, DM, FRCP, FMedSciSection Editor — GeneticsConsultant Clinical GeneticistAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UKDavid R Fulton, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph A Garcia-Prats, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMitchell E Geffner, MDSection Editor — Pediatric EndocrinologyProfessor of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaAnn Griffen, DDS, MSSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of Pediatric DentistryThe Ohio State UniversitySihoun Hahn, MD, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's HospitalMelvin B Heyman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoGlenn C Isaacson, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor, Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and PediatricsLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityCraig Jensen, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineSheldon L Kaplan, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor Baylor College of MedicineMarisa Klein-Gitelman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyChief, Division of RheumatologyAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMoise L Levy, MDSection Editor — Pediatric DermatologyProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)Dell Medical School, University of Texas, AustinClinical Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineB UK Li, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyProfessor of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinSuzanne C Li, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineMartin I Lorin, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineGeorge B Mallory, MDSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineTej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCPSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of MedicineProfessor of Urology, Wayne State University School of MedicineAnna H Messner, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineAmy B Middleman, MD, MPH, MS EdSection Editor — Adolescent MedicineProfessor of Pediatrics, Chief of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterSanghamitra M Misra, MD, MEdSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKathleen J Motil, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric NutritionProfessor of Pediatric NutritionBaylor College of MedicinePeter Newburger, MDSection Editor — White Blood Cell DisordersSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyAli and John Pierce Chair in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, EmeritusProfessor of Pediatrics and Molecular, Cell, and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolPatrick Niaudet, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of PediatricsHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceSarah O'Brien, MD, MScSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalScott E Olitsky, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyProfessor of OphthalmologyUniversity of Missouri - Kansas City School of MedicineJulie R Park, MDSection Editor — Lymphoma; Pediatric OncologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonEvelyn A Paysse, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam A Phillips, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OrthopedicsChief of Staff, Orthopaedic SurgeryShriners Hospital, Galveston, TexasDavid G Poplack, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OncologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth B Rand, MDSection Editor — Pediatric HepatologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineAdrienne G Randolph, MD, MScSection Editor — Pediatric Critical Care MedicineProfessor of Anaesthesia and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGregory Redding, MDSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineF Bruder Stapleton, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRobert Sundel, MDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDimitris N Tatakis, DDS, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of PeriodontologyThe Ohio State University College of DentistryJohn K Triedman, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRobert G Voigt, MD, FAAPSection Editor – Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsLeopold L. Meyer Endowed Chair in Developmental PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineLeonard E Weisman, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDuncan Wilcox, MDSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology, The Ponzio Family Chair in Pediatric UrologyUniversity of ColoradoJoseph I Wolfsdorf, MD, BChSection Editor — Pediatric EndocrinologyProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEditorial AssistantsDaniel Connolly, BAContent Editing AssociateEmily Lacey, MFAContent Editing CoordinatorEmma A Needham, BAContent Editing CoordinatorSarah Sussman, MAContent Editing CoordinatorAuthorsDavid M Aboulafia, MDSection Editor — AIDS-Related MalignanciesSection HeadDivision of Hematology and OncologyVirginia Mason Medical CenterClinical ProfessorUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonLoutfi Sami Aboussouan, MDStaffCleveland Clinic FoundationVikki M Abrahams, PhDProfessor, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesDirector, Division of Reproductive SciencesYale School of MedicineCharles S Abrams, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineElaine J Abrams, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyColumbia UniversitySteven A Abrams, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Department of PediatricsDell Medical School at the University of Texas at AustinMichael J Ackerman, MD, PhDWindland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research ProfessorProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and PharmacologyDirector of the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics LaboratoryMayo ClinicDenise M Adams, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaLisa V Adams, MDAssociate ProfessorGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthYehuda Adler, MDProfessor of CardiologyCardiac Rehabilitation InstituteTel Aviv University, IsraelN Scott Adzick, MDC. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaNarasimhan Agaram, MDAssociate Attending Pathologist, Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterRabia Agha, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDewesh Agrawal, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's National Medical CenterNabil M Ahmed, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEdward S Ahn, MDProfessor of Neurologic Surgery and PediatricsMayo ClinicJennifer Aites, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSenda Ajroud-Driss, MDInstructor in NeurologyNorthwestern UniversityCem Akin, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine University of MichiganEsen K Akpek, MDThe Bendann Family Professor of Ophthalmology and RheumatologyDirector, Ocular Surface Disease and Dry Eye ClinicManuela Albisetti, MDDivision of HematologyUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich, SwitzerlandMary A Albrecht, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlfred Aleguas, Jr, BS Pharm, PharmD, DABAT, FAACTAssistant Professor of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical ResearchUniversity of South FloridaAssistant Clinical Professor of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaAmmar Saadoon Alishlash, MD, FAAPDivision of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at BirminghamCatherine K Allan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCoburn H Allen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Dell Medical SchoolJoseph Y Allen, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineBan M Allos, MDAssistant ProfessorVanderbilt University School of MedicineJohn Alsobrook, MDCommunity Health & Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaCarolyn A Altman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRaouf Samy Amin, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiAllon Amitai, MDAttending PhysicianKahuku Medical CenterBradley D Anawalt, MDChief of Medicine, University of Washington Medical CenterProfessor and Vice Chair of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonKarl E Anderson, MD, FACPProfessorThe University of Texas Medical BranchDanielle M Andrade, MD, MSc, FRCPC.Professor of NeurologyDirector, Epilepsy Genetics ProgramUniversity of TorontoDoerthe A Andreae, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of UtahChristopher M Andreoli, MDClinical Instructor in OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolJason Andrews, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineInfectious DiseasesStanford MedicineEmanuele Angelucci, MDHead, Hematology and Transplant UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, GenovaPeter Antevy, MDPediatric Emergency DepartmentJoe DiMaggio Children's HospitalPatrick J Antonelli, MDGeorge T. Singleton Professor & Chief, Division of Otology University of FloridaMichael Apicella, MDEmeritus Professor of Microbiology and Internal MedicineThe University of IowaGerald B Appel, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsAndrea J Apter, MD, MSc, MAProfessor of MedicineSection of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaBhooma Aravamuthan, MD, DPhilAssistant Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSteven M Archer, MDProfessorUniversity of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesCarrie Armsby, MD, MPHSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineCheryl A Armstrong, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado DenverAnne M Arnhym, CPNPCertified Pediatric Nurse PractitionerUCSF Pediatric UrologyAndrew Arnold, MDMurray-Heilig Professor of Molecular MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAntonio C Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDSDivision Chief, Infectious Diseases at Children's Hospital of Orange CountyClinical Professor, University of California Irvine Department of PediatricsRiccardo Asero, MDFreelance doctorHead Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), ItalyProfessore a ContrattoAllergologia e Immunologia Clinica, University of MilanShai Ashkenazi, MD, MScProfessor of PediatricsAdelson School of Medicine, Ariel UniversityRitu Asija, MDClinical Associate Professor, Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford UniversityJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolShireen Atabaki, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Medical Director, TelemedicineProfessor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Children's National HospitalUma H Athale, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityJohn P Atkinson, MDSamuel B Grant Professor of MedicineProfessor of Molecular MicrobiologyDivision of RheumatologyWashington University School of MedicineThomas Prescott Atkinson, MD, PhDProfessor, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamRichard J Auchus, MD, PhDProfessor of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and DiabetesUniversity of MichiganMarc Auerbach, MD, FAAP, MScProfessor of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine) and of Emergency MedicineYale School of MedicineR Robert Auger, MD, FAASM, FAPA, DABPNAssociate Professor of Medicine and PsychiatryMayo Clinic College of MedicineErika F Augustine, MD, MSAssociate Chief Science OfficerKennedy Krieger InstituteMarilyn Augustyn, MDSection Editor — Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsAssociate ProfessorBoston University School of MedicinePaul G Auwaerter, MD, MBA, FIDSASherrilyn and Ken Fisher Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDavid M Axelrod, MDClinical Professor of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Stanford University School of MedicineEhsan Azadani, DDS, MSAssistant Professor The Ohio State University |Nationwide Children's HospitalKavita M Babu, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolEmile Bacha, MD, FACSCalvin F. Barber Professor of SurgeryColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsMichael C Bachman, MD, MBADepartment of Pediatric Emergency MedicineSunrise Children's HospitalRichard G Bachur, MDSection Editor — Pediatric TraumaProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlos A Bacino, MD, FACMGProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicinePhilippe Backeljauw, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Center for Growth DisordersCincinnati Center for Pediatric & Adult Turner Syndrome CareCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterBruce R Bacon, MDEmeritus Professor of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRaffaele Badolato, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of BresciaAlan N Baer, MD, MACRProfessor of MedicineDirector, Jerome L. Greene Sjögren's Syndrome CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineArmita Bahrami, MDProfessorDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineF Amos Bailey, MDProfessor of Medicine University of Colorado at DenverLalit Bajaj, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoCarol J Baker, MDProfessor of Pediatrics,McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonRobert D Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkSusan S Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkMeena Balasubramanian, MBBS, DCH, FRCPCH, MDSenior Clinical Lecturer, Musculoskeletal GeneticsDepartment of Oncology & Metabolism, University of SheffieldConsultant Clinical GeneticistSheffield Clinical Genetics ServiceLead Consultant, OI-Genetics Service, Highly Specialised Severe, Complex & Atypical OI Service Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation TrustSowmya Balasubramanian, MD, MScAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganAshok Balasubramanyam, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology & MetabolismBaylor College of MedicineLaura J Balcer, MD, MSCEProfessor of Neurology, Population Health and OphthalmologyVice Chair, Department of Neurology NYU Langone Medical CenterElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert Baldor, MDProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolKimberly Ballard Matlock, MDCook Children's Health Care SystemFort Worth, TexasZuhair K Ballas, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa and Iowa City VANicolas Bamat, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaChantay Banikarim, MD, MPHDirector of Adolescent MedicineSt. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, PhoenixRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander F Barbuto, MDClinical Faculty, Emergency MedicineCarl R. Darnall Army Medical CenterWilma Barcellini, MDSection Editor — Red cell disordersProfessor of HematologyOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, ItalyWanda D Barfield, MD, MPH, FAAPDirectorDivision of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionElizabeth Barkoudah, MDCo-Director Cerebral Palsy ProgramAssistant in Neurology; Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolKathleen C Barnes, PhDDirector, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine; Head, Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine DivisionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicinePeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonA Karl Barnett, MDAttending PhysicianAthens Regional Medical CenterRaymond L Barnhill, MDProfessor of PathologyDepartment of Translational Research, Institut CurieFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ParisFrederick E Barr, MD, MBAExecutive Vice PresidentChief Clinical and Academic OfficerArkansas Children's HospitalUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesNora A Barrett, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLuis F Barroso, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineWake Forest University, Baptist Medical CenterWilliam J Barson, MDProfessor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineLuther A Bartelt, MDAssistant ProfessorThe University of North Carolina School of MedicineJason JS Barton, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Canada Research ChairMedicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology, and Visual SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalMarc Baskin, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician in MedicineDivision of Emergency MedicineBoston Children's HospitalRebecca Bassett, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPriya Batra, MDAttending physicianMt. Sinai HospitalBeau Batton, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Chief of NeonatologySouthern Illinois School of MedicineKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarl R Baum, MD, FAAP, FACMTProfessor of Pediatrics and of Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineKirsten Bechtel, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineYale University School of MedicineTheresa Becker, DOAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director, Pediatric Programs Lahey BeverlyExecutive Network DirectorDivision of Emergency MedicineSelim R Benbadis, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of South FloridaLatanya T Benjamin, MDAssociate ProfessorFlorida Atlantic UniversityBerkeley L Bennett, MD, MSCo-Medical Director for the Clinical Pathways ProgramDirector, Emergency Medicine Performance ImprovementAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsThe Ohio State UniversityNationwide Children’s HospitalPaul AS Benson, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsOU-Tulsa School of Community MedicineEdward J Benz, Jr, MDRichard and Susan Smith Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSigbjørn Berentsen, MD, PhDConsultant HematologistDepartment of Research and InnovationHaugesund HospitalStuart Berger, MDExecutive Director, Pediatric Heart Center at Lurie Children's HospitalVice Chair, Clinical Affairs Pediatrics at Lurie Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Northwestern UniversityNancy Berliner, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolH Franklin Bunn Professor of Hematology and Chief, Division of Hematology Brigham and Women's HospitalBonnie L Bermas, MDProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterJeffrey S Berns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDavid I Bernstein, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineJesse L Berry, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Clinical ScholarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaDiane Berson, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCharles I Berul, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of PediatricsGeorge Washington UniversityLauren A Beslow, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaLouis I Bezold, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineNeal Bhatia, MDDirector of Clinical DermatologyTherapeutics Clinical ResearchMihir D Bhatt, MD, FRCPCAssistant Clinical Professor, Pediatric Hematology and OncologyMcMaster UniversityVinod K Bhutani, MD, FAAPProfessor, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineDaniel G Bichet, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pharmacology, and PhysiologyUniversite de MontrealJaclyn A Biegel, PhDProfessor of PathologyUSC Keck School of MedicineLeslie G Biesecker, MDFellow, American Academy of Pediatrics Fellow, American College of Medical Genetics and GenomicsDistinguished Investigator, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH)Mark Bilsky, MDAttending Neurologic SurgeonMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterProfessor Neurologic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityGil Binenbaum, MD, MSCEChief of OphthalmologyMable Leslie Chair of OphthalmologyChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaValérie Biousse, MDReunette Harris Professor of OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineShawn J Bird, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineFrank M Biro, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineAndrew D Blaufox, MDProfessor of PediatricsZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellJack JH Bleesing, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterBenjamin S Bleier, MD, FACS, FARSAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony Bleyer, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine/NephrologyWake Forest University School of MedicineDonald B Bloch, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJosh Bloom, MD, MPHClinical Instructor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJim G Blount, MD, CAQSMAdjunct Clinical Professor, Departments of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillS Allan Bock, MDResearch Affiliate, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthClinical Professor Emeritus, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoOlaf A Bodamer, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACMGPark Gerald Chair in Genetics and GenomicsAssociate Chief, Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolR Paul Boesch, DO, MSAssociate Professor, Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineChair, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMayo Clinic Children's CenterGuy Boivin, MDProfessor of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesFaculty of Medicine, Université LavalGeorgina Bojczuk, RD, CSPClinical DietitianOishei Children's Hospital of BuffaloJean L Bolognia, MDProfessor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineLiza Bonin, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicinePeter A L Bonis, MDChief Medical Officer of Clinical Effectiveness (UpToDate, Clinical Drug Information, and Emmi Solutions)Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAdjunct Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJoshua L Bonkowsky, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief, Division of Pediatric NeurologyPrimary Children's Hospital, University of UtahDaniel J Bonthius, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyWake Forest University School of MedicineJulie A Boom, MDProfessorBaylor College of MedicineLaurence M Boon, MD, PhDCoordinator of the Center for Vascular MalformationsDivision of Plastic SurgeryCliniques Universitaires St Luc, Catholic University of LouvainStephen C Boos, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School—BaystateJoseph G Borer, MD, FAAP, FACSAssociate Professor in Surgery (Urology)Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Bladder Exstrophy ProgramBoston Children's HospitalDirector of Neurourology and UrodynamicsBoston Children's HospitalBarry A Borlaug, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMile Bosilkovski, MDClinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile ConditionsProfessor of Infectious DiseasesMedical Faculty, Skopje, Republic of North MacedoniaJoan Bothner, MDProfessor Emeritus, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineSylvia S Bottomley, MDProfessor of MedicineThe University of Oklahoma College of MedicineAthos Bousvaros, MDProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKathy Boutis, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, MScSection Editor – Pediatric TraumaProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoRobin M Bowman, MDAssociate Professor of Neurological SurgeryNorthwestern University's Feinberg School of MedicineAnn and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoJoshua A Boyce, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEdward W Boyer, MD, PhDProfessor with Tenure, Ohio State UniversityVisiting Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolKaan Boztug, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaConsultant in Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and ImmunologySt. Anna Children's Hospital ViennaMichael T Brady, MDProfessor of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineJohn C Brancato, MD, FAAP, FACEPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineDivision Head, Emergency MedicineConnecticut Children's Medical CenterMary L Brandt, MDProfessor of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of New OrleansMelinda J Braskett, MDAssistant Professor, Clinical PediatricsDivision of Clinical Immunology and AllergyChildren's Hospital Los AngelesKeck School of Medicine at University of Southern CaliforniaGlenn D Braunstein, MDProfessor of Medicine Emeritus, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLATom Brazelton, MD, MPH, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthPaul W Brazis, MDSection Editor — NeuroophthalmologyProfessor of Neurology, Department of OphthalmologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceNancy L Breisch, PhDResearch AffiliateUniversity of MarylandHeimo Breiteneder, PhDProfessor of Medical BiotechnologyMedical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaJoel S Brenner, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics, Sports MedicineEastern Virginia Medical SchoolMarisa Brett-Fleegler, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJerry D Brewer, MD, MS, FAADProfessor of DermatologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineKnut Brockow, MDProfessor of MedicineTechnical University of Munich Medical SchoolAnnemarie Broderick, MB, BCh, MMedSc, FRCPIAssociate Clinical ProfessorUniversity College DublinRobert A Brodsky, MDSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins UniversityMark B Bromberg, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyDepartment of Neurology, University of UtahItzhak Brook, MD, MScAdjunct ProfessorGeorgetown University School of MedicineGabriel P Brooks, PT, DPT, SCS, MTCDirector of Program Development360 Physical TherapyPatrick D Brophy, MDProfessor and Head University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of PediatricsRobert T Brouillette, MDProfessor EmeritusMcGill University, MontrealCatherine M Brown, DVM, MSc, MPHState Epidemiologist and State Public Health VeterinarianMassachusetts Department of Public HealthDavid W Brown, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKathleen Brown, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineThe George Washington University School of MedicineEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonCarlo Brugnara, MDProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolEdward P Buchanan, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Plastic SurgeryAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineNicholas A Buckley, MD, FRACPProfessor of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of Sydney Medical SchoolClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalEmma MM Burkitt-Wright, FRCP, PhDConsultant Clinical GeneticistManchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreHonorary Clinical Senior LecturerUniversity of ManchesterWesley Burks, MDDeanUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineKenneth D Burman, MDChief, Endocrine SectionMedstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DCProfessor, Department of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterArthur L Burnett, MD, MBA, FACSPatrick C. Walsh Distinguished Professor of Urology, Cellular and Molecular MedicineJohns Hopkins MedicineDavid L Burns, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichael J Burns, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJames B Bussel, MDEmeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric HematologyWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityManish J Butte, MD, PhDProfessor and Division ChiefDivision of Immunology, Allergy, and RheumatologyDepartments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, Los AngelesNancy F Butte, PhDDistinguished Emeritus Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJill P Buyon, MDProfessor of MedicineNew York University School of MedicinePeter H Byers, MDProfessor Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyProfessor Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics)University of WashingtonSeattle, WADavid Cabral, MBBS, FRCPCClinical Professor of Pediatrics, Head, Division of Rheumatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaDerya Caglar, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Washington School of Medicine/Seattle Children’s HospitalMichael S Calderwood, MD, MPHChief Quality OfficerDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthBrian T Caldwell, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric UrologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoDiane P Calello, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineExecutive and Medical DirectorNew Jersey Poison Information and Education SystemNew Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesDarlene A Calhoun, DOProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineDivision Chief NeonatologyNemours Children's HospitalMatthew E Call, PhDHead of Laboratory, Structural Biology DivisionThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchDepartment of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneClara Camaschella, MDFormer Professor of Internal MedicineVita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific InstituteJudith R Campbell, MDProfessor of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesBaylor College of MedicineRonna L Campbell, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineMayo ClinicFabio Candotti, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)Patrícia Canhão, MD, PhDInvited Assistant Professor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de Universidade de LisboaJoseph B Cantey, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health San AntonioAlexandra Carey, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolCenter for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, MAThomas Carpenter, MDProfessor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)Professor of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationYale University School of MedicineShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDTara F Carr, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor, Medicine and OtolaryngologyDepartment of Medicine, University of ArizonaJames Carter, MA, CCC-SLPAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyBaylor College of MedicineThomas B Casale, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of South FloridaRobert F Casper, MDProfessor, Division of Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Toronto, CanadaSenior InvestigatorLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMariana C Castells, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKeith L Cavanaugh, MD, FAAP, FCCPAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaEmi H Caywood, MDDirector, Blood and Bone Marrow TransplantNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareMariam R Chacko, MDDistinguished Professor EmeritusDepartments of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineDonald J Chadwick, MDAdjunct InstructorMinneapolis Clinic of NeurologyAnthony KC Chan, MBBS, FRCPC, FRCPathProfessor of PediatricsMcMaster University, CanadaYee-Ming Chan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children's HospitalAnne B Chang, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, FAPSR, FAHMSHead of Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health ResearchSenior Respiratory and Sleep Consultant, Queensland Children's HospitalAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Qld University of TechnologyVictor T Chang, MDProfessor of Medicine,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,VA New Jersey Health Care SystemNelson J Chao, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineJennifer Chapman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityRichelle C Charles, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTalal Chatila, MDDenise and David Bunning Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolThe Boston Children's HospitalPradip P Chaudhari, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaDivision of Emergency & Transport MedicineChildren's Hospital Los AngelesIra M Cheifetz, MD, FCCM, FAARCProfessor of PediatricsRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, ClevelandMilan G Chheda, MDAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicineMay Chien, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorStanford University Department of PediatricsIvan K Chinn, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalMurali Chintagumpala, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineEric H Chiou, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineClaudia A Chiriboga, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical CenterColumbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NYChristine S Cho, MD, MPH, MEdAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesSanjiv Chopra, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Consultant in Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Marshall Wolf Master Clinician EducatorBrigham and Women's HospitalTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemJoseph Chorley, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports MedicineAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineSanaa Choufani, PhDSenior Research AssociateThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenAnthony W Chow, MD, FRCPC, FACPProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaCindy Christian, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGeorge P Chrousos, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Endocrinology EmeritusDirector, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision MedicineHolder, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health CareUniversity of Athens, GreeceChia-Yu Chu, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University HospitalDerek H Chu, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford UniversityVivian H Chu, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAnnabelle Chua, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPediatric NephrologyDuke University Medical CenterAntonio A T Chuh, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorJC School of Public HealthThe Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Prince of Wales Hospital Hong KongDaniel C Chung, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian Chung Hon-Yin, MD, FCCMGClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of Hong KongMark C Clark, MD, FAAEM, FAAP, FACEPClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineDennis A Clements, MD, PhD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDuke UniversityJames R Clugston, MD, MS, FAMSSMAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Community Health and Family Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineThomas D Coates, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PathologyUniversity of Southern California School of MedicineDavid K Coats, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyBaylor College of MedicineDawn P Coe, PhDAssociate Professor, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport StudiesUniversity of TennesseeJoanna Cohen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineAndrew A Colin, MDBatchelor Family Professor of Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonology Director, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyMiller School of Medicine University of MiamiJoseph M Collaco, MD, MPH, MBA, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University, School of MedicineScott P Commins, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineKara Connelly, MD, MCRAssociate Professor of Pediatric EndocrinologyOregon Health & Sciences UniversityHeidi M Connolly, MD, FACC, FASESection Editor — Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolEvelyn Constantin, MD, CM, MSc(Epi), FRCPCAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, McGill UniversityDirector, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital at the McGill University Health CentreClinician-Scientist, McGill University Health Centre Research InstituteKavitha Conti, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of MedicineChristopher S Cooper, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor and Vice Chairman of UrologyDirector of Pediatric Urology Senior Associate Dean for Medical EducationTyrone D. Artz Chair in UrologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineTodd M Cooper, DOProfessor of Pediatrics University of WashingtonDirector - Leukemia ProgramSeattle Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterHoward M Corneli, MDProfessor Emeritus of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePaul Cornia, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMichael J Corwin, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthKaren H Costenbader, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMorton J Cowan, MDEmeritus Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplant DivisionUniversity of California, San FranciscoGary M Cox, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterJ Thomas Cox, MDPast-PresidentAmerican Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP)William J Craigen, MD, PhDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineJoseph P Cravero, MDProfessor of AnaesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalPeter S Creticos, MDSection Editor — ImmunotherapyAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJonathan Crews, MD, MSAssistant Professor - Pediatrics Infectious DiseasesBaylor College of MedicineJames E Crowe, Jr, MDDirectorVanderbilt Vaccine CenterProfessorVanderbilt University Medical CenterWilliam F Crowley, Jr, MDSection Editor — Female Reproductive EndocrinologyDaniel K Podolsky Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrea T Cruz, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCharlotte Cunningham-Rundles, MD, PhDDavid S Gottesman Professor of ImmunologyMount Sinai School of MedicineJohanna Daily, MD, MScSection Editor — MalariaProfessor of Medicine and Microbiology and ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNicholas Dainiak, MD, FACPClinical Professor, Department of Therapeutic RadiologyYale University School of MedicineIlan Dalal, MDSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv University, IsraelReza Dana, MD, MPH, MScClaes Dohlman Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolJasmeen Dara, MD, MSAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoBasil T Darras, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard Dart, MD, PhDProfessorDirector of Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center University of Colorado School of MedicineShailendra Das, DOAssistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine ServiceBaylor College of MedicineTerry F Davies, MD, FRCP, FACEBaumritter Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJeremy L Davis, MD, FACSAssociate Research Physician, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMark DP Davis, MD, FAADProfessor and ChairDepartment of DermatologyMayo Clinic RochesterNick Day, DM, FRCPProfessor of Tropical MedicineUniversity of OxfordSarah D de Ferranti, MD, MPHDirector, Preventive Cardiology ClinicDepartment of CardiologyBoston Children's HospitalDiva D De Leon-Crutchlow, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDeirdre De Ranieri, MD, RhMSUSAssistant Professor in PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNirupama K De Silva, MDClinical ProfessorUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterLinda S de Vries, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor in Neonatal NeurologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and Leiden University Medical CenterKathleen M Deakins, MHSA RRT NPS FAARCClinical Manager Women's & Children's Respiratory Care Pediatric Pulmonary Function & Infant MonitoringUH Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalMalcolm R DeBaun, MDOrthopedic Surgery ResidentStanford University School of MedicineMichael R DeBaun, MD, MPHSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineJason E Decker, MD, FAAPPediatrics and Sports MedicinePrivate PracticeFatma Dedeoglu, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChristine Dehlendorf, MD, MASProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoDavid M deLemos, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineKiley Delgado, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorCenter for Cancer Risk Assessment (Cancer Genetics)Massachusetts General HospitalAlfred DeMaria, Jr, MDMedical and Laboratory ConsultantMassachusetts Department of Public HealthGail J Demmler-Harrison, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDebby Demory-Luce, PhD, RD, LDAdjunct ProfessorNorth Harris CollegeChristopher P Denton, MDProfessor of Experimental RheumatologyRoyal Free Hospital, LondonNeerav Desai, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterShoma Desai, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineLAC and USC Medical CenterRichard D deShazo, MDBilly S Guyton Distinguished ProfessorProfessor of Medicine and Pediatrics EmeritusUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterAdjunct Professor of MedicineThe University of Alabama at BirminghamUmesh S Deshmukh, PhDAssociate MemberOklahoma Medical Research FoundationStephanie A Deutsch, MD, MS, FAAPMedical Director, CARE (Children at Risk Evaluation) Program; Associate Professor of PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPrasad Devarajan, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineJaime G Deville, MDProfessor of Clinical Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los AngelesKevin deWeber, MD, FAMSSM, FAAFP, FACSMDirector, SW Washington Sports Medicine FellowshipVancouver, WAAffiliate Associate Professor of Family MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityClinical Assistant Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineCarlo Di Lorenzo, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsOhio State UniversityCecilia Di Pentima, MDDirector of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesGoryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health SystemProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson UniversityLuciano S Dias, MDProfessor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityLucia Z Diaz, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Texas Medical School at AustinJohn K DiBaise, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo Clinic in ArizonaHarry C Dietz, MDSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseVictor A. McKusick Professor of Medicine and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineElizabeth A Dinces, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical OtolaryngologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAmy DiVasta, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalAnne E Dixon, BM, BChSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VermontSteven G Docimo, MDExecutive Vice President, Business Development, and StrategyChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaGary V Doern, MDEmeritus Professor of PathologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineRaphael Dolin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolScott R Dorfman, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineMorna J Dorsey, MD, MSProfessor, Director of Allergy/Immunology ProgramUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey S Dover, MD, FRCPCSection Editor — Cosmetic DermatologyAssociate Clinical Professor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineThomas Doyle, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineMatthew Drago, MD, MBEAssistant Professor of PediatricsDivision of Neonatology Yale School of MedicineJan E Drutz, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor Emeritus of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnne M Dubin, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford School of MedicineSteven G DuBois, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence DuBuske, MDClinical Professor of MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DCChristopher Duggan, MD, MPHMeltzer Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalJessica Duis, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and GeneticsChildren's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusKaren Dull, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexandra M Dumitrescu, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoJ Stephen Dumler, MDProfessor and ChairUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterJoint Pathology CenterRoderick Duncan, MD, PhD, FRCPAssociate Professor of Neurology University of OtagoDennis R Durbin, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicinePresident, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalPaul Durrington, MDProfessor of MedicinePhysician to Manchester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of ManchesterTeresa K Duryea, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineChristopher C Dvorak, MDProfessor of PediatricsChief, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology & Bone Marrow TransplantationUniversity of California San FranciscoDaniel F Dwyer, PhDInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyBrigham and Women's HospitalNatalie L Dykzeul, MS, LCGCPediatric Genetic CounselorDivision of Medical GeneticsStanford Children’s HealthOlive Eckstein, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric Hematology-OncologyHistiocytosis & Lymphoma TeamTexas Children's Cancer Center/Hematology Service Baylor College of MedicineMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineScott DZ Eggers, MDConsultant and Associate Professor of NeurologyCollege of Medicine & ScienceMayo ClinicRachel A Egler, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsCase Western Reserve UniversityGeorg B Ehret, MDDivision of CardiologyGeneva University Hospitals, SwitzerlandEric C Eichenwald, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFlorian S Eichler, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolPhilippe A Eigenmann, MDGeneva University Hospitals, Pediatric AllergyUniversity of GenevaRebecca Eisen, PhDResearch BiologistCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMatthew Eisenberg, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolScott A Elisofon, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKeith Elkon, MDMannik-Henderson Professor of MedicineHead, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of WashingtonAnne K Ellis, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FAAAAIProfessor and ChairDivision of Allergy & ImmunologyDepartment of MedicineQueen's UniversityJonathan S Ellison, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatric UrologyChildren's Hospital of Wisconsin & Medical College of WisconsinArthur Elster, MDClinical Associate ProfessorFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityS Jean Emans, MDMary Ellen Avery Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterErin E Endom, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJessi Erlichman, MPHAdministrative Director of Clinical Research, GI DivisionChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaKristin Ernest, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth A Erwin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalSusan P Etheridge, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineAmos Etzioni, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and ImmunologyThe Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, HaifaErica A Eugster, MDProfessor of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineAdele Karen Evans, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyLouisiana State University School of MedicineArthur T Evans, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustKathleen M Fairfield, MD, DrPHVice Chair, Department of MedicineMaine Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineKhoulood Fakhoury, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJay L Falk, MDClinical Professor of Medicine and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJason Fangusaro, MDProfessor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineChristopher H Fanta, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura S Farach, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHarrison W Farber, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts Medical SchoolHenriette Farkas, MD, PhD, DScProfessor of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyDirector of the Hungarian Angioedema Reference Center3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityCaitlin Farrell, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalRebecca K Fastle, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAssociate Chief Medical Officer, PALS Transfer Center and Care ManagementRima Fawaz, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsYale University School of MedicineThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineBrian M Feldman, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenAnna M Feldweg, MDDirector, Editorial Management — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Allergy and ImmunologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolCaraciolo J Fernandes, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCarlos R Ferreira, MD, FACMGHead, Skeletal Genomics UnitsNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of HealthJosé M Ferro, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFaculdade de Medicina de LisboaFernando C Fervenza, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineCan Ficicioglu, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human GeneticsMaria Isabel Fiel, MD, FAASLDProfessor of PathologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJoshua J Field, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinKarl B Fields, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical ExaminationProfessor of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJonathan D Finder, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterAndrew M Fine, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician in Pediatrics, Boston Children's HospitalGary S Firestein, MDDistinguished Professor of MedicineSenior Associate Vice Chancellor of Health SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineHelen V Firth, DM, FRCP, FMedSciSection Editor — GeneticsConsultant Clinical GeneticistAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UKFrank A Fish, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Associate Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineDouglas S Fishman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMary B Fishman, MDProfessor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCourtney Fitzhugh, MDInvestigatorNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health (NIH)Eric M Flake, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Medicine Uniformed Services University Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Developmental Pediatrics Program Director Madigan Army Medical CenterEric Fleegler, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSarah E Fleet, MDDirector, Growth and Nutrition ProgramAttending PhysicianBoston Children's Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionInstructor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Fleischer, MDSection Head, Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital ColoradoUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineGary R Fleisher, MDEditor-in-Chief — Adult and Pediatric Emergency MedicineSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsEgan Family Foundation ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolCraig E Fleishman, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicinePhyllis Flomenberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJefferson Medical CollegeJustin Floyd, DOCancer Care Specialists of IllinoisJoseph T Flynn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonPatricia M Flynn, MDMemberSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee, MemphisRebecca Foell, MSW, LICSWProgram CoordinatorOtto Bremer Trust Center for Safe and Healthy ChildrenUniversity of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalAndrew Fontenot, MDHenry N. Claman Professor of Medicine, Division Head, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineMichelle Forcier, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown UniversityChristopher E Forsmark, MDProfessor of Medicine and ChiefDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionUniversity of FloridaJ Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineRégine Fortunov, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJennifer H Foster, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's HospitalMary Glenn Fowler, MD, MPHProfessorJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutesVance G Fowler, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterChristine Fox, MD, MASAssociate Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco*kathleen M Franchek-Roa, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineArnold S Freedman, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNeil Freedman, MDHead, Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareNorth Shore University Health System, Evanston, ILClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineStephen Freedman, MDCM, MScProfessor of PaediatricsAlberta Children's Hospital, University of CalgaryAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Foundation Professor in Child Health and WellnessSteven D Freedman, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlexandra F Freeman, MDSenior ClinicianNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesAndrew French, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJoy L Fridey, MDMedical OfficerAmerican Red Cross Blood Services Scientific AffairsIlona J Frieden, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoDanielle N Friedman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics Weill Cornell Medical College; Pediatric Long-Term Follow-Up ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterHarvey M Friedman, MDProfessorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaKevin Friedman, MDPediatric Cardiologist, Boston Children's HospitalAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalScott L Friedman, MDFishberg Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteSusan Fuchs, MDProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineDavid R Fulton, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel E Furst, MDSection Editor — Treatment Issues in RheumatologyClinical professor, University of Washington, SeattleClinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyProfessor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis AssociatesSheila Galbraith, MDMayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire, WisconsinScott A Gallagher, MDEmergency Physician, Aspen Valley Hospital, Aspen, COPhysician Advisor, Mountain Rescue Aspen, Aspen, CO Senior Clinical Instructor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineVanthaya Gan, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterRajesh T Gandhi, MD, FIDSASection Editor — Opportunistic InfectionsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHayley Gans, MDProfessorStanford University Medical CenterChristopher Gappy, MDClinical InstructorUniversity of MichiganJoseph A Garcia-Prats, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMatthew F Gardiner, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolSusan L Garetz, MD, MSProfessor Emeritus Clinical Professor Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and Neurology Sleep Disorders CenterUniversity of Michigan Health SystemRavindra Kumar Garg, MD, DM, FRCPProfessor and Head Department of Neurology King George Medical UniversitySeema Garg, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel-HillIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRasheed A Gbadegesin, MDProfessor of PediatricsDuke University School of MedicineMark C Gebhardt, MDFrederic W. and Jane M. Ilfeld Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel Geersen, MPAP, PA-CDivision of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterRobert L Geggel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAmy A Gelfand, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics Director of Pediatric HeadacheUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichael S Gelfand, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicineAndres Gelrud, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoAndrew Gennery, MDProfessor/ConsultantNewcastle UniversityAlex George, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, PediatricsBrenner Children's HospitalWake Forest UniversityDemetra Georgiou, Principal Genetic Counsellor (GCRB)Principal Genetic Counselor, Genomic Medicine Imperial College Healthcare (Charing Cross Hospital)Lynn B Gerald, PhD, MSPHVice Chancellor for Population HealthOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois, ChicagoDavid M Gershenson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterAllan Gibofsky, MD, JD, FACP, FCLMProfessor of Medicine, Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineAttending Rheumatologist and Co-Director, Clinic for Inflammatory Arthritis and Biologic TherapyHospital for Special SurgeryAttending PhysicianNew York Presbyterian HospitalConsultant PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAnne BS Giersch, PhDAssistant Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolDonald L Gilbert, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics and Neurology; Director, Movement Disorders and Tourette Syndrome ClinicsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMark A Gilger, MDPediatrician-in-Chief, Emeritus, Children's Hospital of San AntonioProfessor and Residency Program Director, Baylor College of MedicineAnne C Gill, DrPH, MS, RNProfessor of Pediatrics and Medical EthicsBaylor College of MedicineSusan L Gillespie, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineOlivia Gillion Boyer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsPediatric Nephrology, Imagine Institute, Paris-Descartes University, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceDomenico Girelli, MD, PhDUniversity of VeronaProfessor of Internal MedicineBertil Glader, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineNicole Glaser, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineChristopher C Glisson, DO, MS, FAANMedical Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology ProgramMercy Health Hauenstein NeurosciencesAssistant Professor, Department of Neurology and OphthalmologyMichigan State UniversityPraveen S Goday, MBBSProfessor, Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionNationwide Children's HospitalJerome Goddard, PhDExtension Professor of Medical and Veterinary EntomologyMississippi State UniversityLaura A Goguen, MDAssociate Professor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBenjamin D Gold, MD, FAAP, FACGPartner, GI Care for KidsPartner, Children's Center for Digestive HealthcareEric Goldberg, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineMarcia B Goldberg, MDProfessor of Medicine (Microbiology)Harvard Medical SchoolRose H Goldman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Professor of Environmental Health SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthAdam O Goldstein, MD, MPHProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillBeth G Goldstein, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillKarl C Golnik, MD, MEdClinical ProfessorUniversity of CincinnatiDavid Goltzman, MDProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversitySenior Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreHoward P Goodkin, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and Pediatrics and Director, Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of VirginiaAdrian Gooi, MD, FRCS(C)Assistant ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaDavid A Gorelick, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineAnkush Gosain, MD, PhD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery and PediatricsChildren's Foundation Research InstituteLe Bonheur Children's HospitalUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterJason Gotlib, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineCollin S Goto, MDPediatric Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyW. Adam Gower, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineGaurav Goyal, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology-OncologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamVikas Goyal, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDDepartment of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics, Gold Coast HealthAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyEmmy Graber, MD, MBAClinical InstructorNortheastern UniversityBarney S Graham, MD, PhDFormer Deputy DirectorViral Pathogenesis ResearchBethesda, MDLeslie C Grammer, MDProfessor of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineHelmut Grasberger, MDResearch Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MichiganJocelyn R Gravlee, MDClinical Associate Professor of Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineBenjamin Greenberg, MD, MHSDirector, Transverse Myelitis, Neuromyelitis Optica and Pediatric Demyelinating Disease ProgramUT Southwestern Medical CenterChildren's Medical Center DallasAlbert Greene, PhDEntomologist and National IPM Coordinator (retired)US General Services AdministrationSpencer Greene, MD, MS, FACEP, FACMT, FAACT, FAAEMClinical ProfessorUniversity of Houston College of MedicineDirector of ToxicologyHCA Houston Healthcare - KingwoodDavid Greenes, MDClinical Assistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSaul P Greenfield, MDProfessor of Urology and PediatricsZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellAttending Urologist, Cohen Children’s HospitalAndrew J. M. Gregory, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationVanderbilt University School of MedicAnn Griffen, DDS, MSSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of Pediatric DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseyMadeleine Grigg-Damberger, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineFloris Groenendaal, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neonatology, Department of NeonatologyWilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center UtrechtMarion Groetch, MS, RD, CDNDirector of Nutrition ServicesJaffe Food Allergy InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAlexei A Grom, MDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of RheumatologyMarkus Grompe, MDProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health Sciences UniversityErin L Gross, DDS, PhD, MSAssistant Professor-ClinicalThe Ohio State University College of DentistryThomas G Gross, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsColorado University School of MedicineEyal Grunebaum, MDProfessor in PediatricsUniversity of TorontoNicholas G Guerina, MD, PhDAssistant Clinical ProfessorAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityTheresa W Guilbert, MDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital & Medical CenterMonica Guma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoDeepti Gupta, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics (Dermatology)Department of Pediatrics and Division of DermatologySeattle Children's HospitalUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSandeep K Gupta, MDVisiting Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionKathleen M Gura, PharmD, BCNSP, FASHPAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPeter Hackett, MDAltitude Research CenterDivision of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, ColoradoSihoun Hahn, MD, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's HospitalAmy B Hair, MDAssistant Professor, Director of Neonatal NutritionTexas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of MedicineSusan M Halbach, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatric MedicineSeattle Children’s HospitalAnn C Halbower, MDProfessor, Pediatric Pulmonary SectionUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital ColoradoRussell P Hall, III, MDJ Lamar Callaway Professor and Chair, Department of DermatologyDuke University Medical CenterShihab Hameed, BSc, MBBS, DCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney Children's HospitalHead of Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore HospitalConjoint Senior Lecturer, University of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's HealthClinical Senior Lecturer, University of Sydney, Northern Clinical SchoolDaniel L Hamilos, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPhysicianMassachusetts General HospitalRobert G Hamilton, PhD, DABMLI, FAAAAIProfessor of Medicine and PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineS Sutton Hamilton, MDAssistant DirectorInspira-Woodbury Family Medicine ResidencyGary D Hammer, MD, PhDMillie Schembechler Professor of Adrenal CancerUniversity of MichiganHeinz F Hammer, MDAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University Graz, AustriaMargaret R Hammerschlag, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterPedram Hamrah, MDNew England Eye Center/Tufts Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicineJane S Hankins, MD, MSMemberDepartment of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalHordur S Hardarson, MDPhysician, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesDomus Medica Health ClinicAbilash Haridas, MD, FAANSChief of Pediatric NeurosurgeryCerebrovascular & Skull Base NeurosurgerySt. Joseph Children's HospitalStephanie M Harman, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineMarvin Harper, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolNancy S Harper, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineDirector, Otto Bremer Trust Center for Safe and Healthy ChildrenJennifer Harrington, MBBS, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Division of Endocrinology, Women's and Children's Health NetworkHolly K Harris, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJason B Harris, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLynnette L Harris, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicinePaul Harrison, PhDAssociate ProfessorInstitute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, UKGriffith R Harsh, IV, MD, MBAProfessor and Chairman, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, DavisJacob C Hartz, MD, MPHInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAttending Clinician, Boston Children's Hospital Department of CardiologyBrian S Harvey, DOSports Medicine Center | Pediatric Sports MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas City Associate Program Director, Pediatric Sports Medicine FellowshipAssistant Professor | UMKC School of MedicineRodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineUTHealth, McGovern Medical SchoolBrian P Hasley, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterRobert L Hatch, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalKenan Haver, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolElena B Hawryluk, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolCurtis W Hayes, MDProfessor Emeritus of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVCU School of MedicineC Mary Healy, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineKennon Heard, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineNia Heard-Garris, MD, MSc, FAAPAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Academic General Pediatrics and Primary CareAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoDepartment of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicinePamela Hebbard, MD, FRCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare ManitobaHolly L Hedrick, MDLouise Schnaufer Endowed Chair in Pediatric SurgeryProfessor of SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJennifer Heimall, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaMeadow Heiman, MS, LCGC, CCRCGenetic CounselorIndiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterLeslie Hendeles, PharmDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of FloridaRobert G Hendrickson, MD, FACMT, FAACTSection Editor — ToxicologyMedical Director, Oregon Poison CenterProgram Director, Fellowship in Medical Toxicology ProfessorDepartment of Emergency MedicineOregon Health and Science University (OHSU)Kara Hennelly, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Emergency MedicineWashington University School of MedicineAlbert C Hergenroeder, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent SportsProfessor & Chief of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineVivian P Hernandez-Trujillo, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsHerbert Wertheim School of MedicineFlorida International UniversityChristina Hernon, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine & Medical ToxicologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolAndrew D Hershey, MD, PhD, FAAN, FAHSEndowed Chair and Director of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterProfessor of Pediatrics and NeurologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicinePaul J Hesketh, MDSection Editor — Supportive CareDirector, Lahey Health Cancer InstituteDirector, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineDaren K Heyland, MD, FRCPC, MScProfessor of MedicineQueen's University, Ontario, CanadaAnna Maria Hibbs, MD, MSCEProfessor of PediatricsCare Western Reserve UniversityJohn Hicks, MD, DDS, PhDProfessorDepartment of PathologyBaylor College of MedicineWhitney A High, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineLeslie M Higuchi, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolZiyad M Hijazi, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACC, MSCAI, FAHA, FPICSProfessor of Pediatrics & Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineChief Medical Officer & Chair, Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesDoha, QatarHarry R Hill, MDEmeritus Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics and Adjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineIvor D Hill, MDProfessor of PediatricsSection Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionNationwide Children's HospitalKevin Hill, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric CardiologyDuke University School of MedicineOlaf Hiort, MDProfessorUniversity of LübeckIrl B Hirsch, MDSection Editor — Diabetes MellitusProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAdam B Hittelman, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Urology, Chief Pediatric UrologyYale School of MedicineChristine A Ho, MD, FAAOS, FAOA, FAAPProfessor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolStaff Orthopaedist, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for ChildrenDivision Director, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Health DallasAlejandro Hoberman, MDDistinguished Service Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRobert J Hoffman, MDMedical Director, Qatar Poison CenterDepartment of Emergency MedicineSidra MedicineChristoph Högenauer, MDAssociate Professor of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University Graz, AustriaElizabeth L Hohmann, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian D Hoit, MDProfessor of Medicine and Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of ClevelandEric H Holbrook, MDAssociate Professor, Department of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision Chief of RhinologyMassachusetts Eye and EarSteven M Holland, MDDirector, Intramural ResearchNIAIDLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MDJudd E Hollander, MDSenior Vice President for Healthcare Delivery Innovation, Jefferson HealthProfessor, Department of Emergency MedicineSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityNicholas Holmes, MDSenior Vice President, Chief Operating OfficerRady Children's Hospital San DiegoLori R Holtz, MD, MSPHAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicineW Keith Hoots, MDDirector, Division of Blood Diseases and ResourcesNational Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandEric Hoppa, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineAlison G Hoppin, MDDeputy Editor — UpToDate, PediatricsMaria Hordinsky, MDSection Editor — Hair and Scalp DiseaseChair and Professor - Department of DermatologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolKimberly A Horii, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy HospitalFrancis J Hornicek, MD, PhDProfessor and Chair, Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineVisiting Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUCLA Health, David Geffen School of MedicineTerzah M Horton, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineRobert W Hostoffer, DO, LhD, MSMed, MBA, FACOP, FAAP, FACOI, FCCPAssociate ProfessorCase Western Reserve UniversityProfessorLake Erie College of Osteopathic MedicineChristopher P Houk, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorgia Regents UniversityJonathan Howard, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and PsychiatryNYU Langone School of MedicineRenee M Howard, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoWilliam Howe, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineJoy D Howell, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCharlotte Höybye, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of EndocrinologyKarolinska InstituteDeborah C Hsu, MD, MEdAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineLinden Hu, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicinePatty P Huang, MDAttending Physician, Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaHeather Huddleston, MDProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesCenter for Reproductive HealthDivision of Reproductive Endocrine and InfertilityObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)John T Huggins, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaDerralynn Hughes, MDProfessor, Experimental HematologyUniversity College LondonRoyal Free Hospital LondonRussell D Hull, MBBS, MScEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Calgary, CanadaGene G Hunder, MDSection Editor — VasculitisEmeritus ConsultantProfessor EmeritusMayo Clinic College of MedicineRaegan Hunt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDivision Chief, Pediatric Dermatology DirectorTexas Children's HospitalNancy M Hurst, PhD, RN, IBCLCAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineClare Hutchinson, MDCM, FRCPCPediatric RheumatologistUniversity of TorontoRebecca Ichord, MDProfessor, Neurology and PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMassimo Imazio, MD, FESCContract Professor of CardiologyHead of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Udine, ItalyThomas H Inge, MD, PhDAkers Chair and Professor of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Colorado, Denver School of MedicineSilvio E Inzucchi, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineSabah Iqbal, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of MedicineMedical Director, PM PediatricsClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchStuart N Isaacs, MDAssociate ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGlenn C Isaacson, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor, Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and PediatricsLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityGeoffrey K Isbister, MDProfessor, Clinical Toxicology Research GroupUniversity of Newcastle, AustraliaPaul Ishimine, MDClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of California, San Diego School of MedicineElliot Israel, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEsther Israel, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAnna Ivanenko, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineAlan C Jackson, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Internal Medicine Head of the Section of NeurologyUniversity of ManitobaDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolSudarshan R Jadcherla, MD, FRCP (Irel), DCH, AGAFProfessor of Pediatrics & Associate Division Chief of NeonatologyThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalAjay K Jain, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and PhysiologySaint Louis UniversityPaula James, MD, FRCPCProfessor Department of MedicineQueen's UniversityIbrahim A Janahi, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill-Cornell Medical College, QatarKatherine A Janeway, MDAttending Physician of Pediatric OncologyDana Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph Jankovic, MDProfessor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineLauren M Jansson, MDJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineProfessor of PediatricsKirsi M Jarvinen-Seppo, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineJill Jasper, MDAdjunct Instructor of PediatricsUniversity of IowaSandra H Jee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of RochesterJohn L Jefferies, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHAJay Michael Sullivan Distinguished Chair in CardiologyProfessor and Chief, Division of Adult Cardiovascular DiseasesDirector, Methodist University of Tennessee Cardiovascular InstituteDirector, Methodist Cardiovascular Service LineProfessor, Pediatric Cardiology, Le Bonheur Children’s HospitalCarole Jenny, MD, MBA, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineCraig Jensen, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineRavi Jhaveri, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineInterim Division Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoMark D Joffe, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJacob John, MDProfessor of Community MedicineChristian Medical College Vellore, IndiaKaren E Johnson, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBarbara L Jones, PhD, MSWProfessor of Social WorkUniversity of Texas at AustinJacqueline Jones, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Otolaryngology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeMaya A Jones, MD, MPHAssistant Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineChildren’s Hospital New OrleansNicola L Jones, MD, FRCPC, PhDStaff Gastroenterologist, Division of GIHN, SickKids HospitalSenior Scientist, Cell Biology Program, SickKids Research InstituteProfessor of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of TorontoJeanne A Jordan, PhDProfessorSchool of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityLori Jordan, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Neurology, and RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterJeffrey Joseph, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Calgary School of MedicineSamir V Joshi, MD, DCH, FAAPClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyCecilia Matilda Jude, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHoward Kadish, MD, MBAProfessor of PediatricsDivision Chief, Pediatric Emergency MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineTheodosia Kalfa, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of MedicineDipti V Kamani, MDClinical Research SpecialistMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryKala Kamdar, MD, MS EpiAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineDavid A Kane, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPeter B Kang, MD, FAAP, FAANDirector, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy CenterVice Chair of Research, Department of NeurologyScholar, Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolStella K Kang, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Radiology and Population HealthNYU School of MedicineRonald J Kanter, MDDirector, ElectrophysiologyMiami Children's HospitalRaffi Kapitanyan, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterJess L Kaplan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPeter W Kaplan, MB, FRCPProfessor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSheldon L Kaplan, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor Baylor College of MedicineMatthias A Karajannis, MD, MSChief, Pediatric Neuro-Oncology ServiceMember, Attending PediatricianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterKristine A Karlson, MDAssociate Professor of Community and Family Medicine and OrthopedicsDartmouth Medical SchoolClifford E Kashtan, MDProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolExecutive DirectorAlport Syndrome Treatments and Outcomes Registry (ASTOR)Julie P Katkin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAkshat Katyayan, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineLaurence Katznelson, MDAssociate Dean of Graduate Medical EducationProfessor of Neurosurgery and Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism)Stanford School of MedicineCarol A Kauffman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Fungal InfectionsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolPaul L Kaufman, MDDirector, Retina and Vitreous Disease and SurgeryThomas Eye Group, Atlanta, GAAndrew M Kaunitz, MDProfessor and Associate ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleAnn Kavanaugh-McHugh, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University School of MedicineMarsha Kay, MDDirector of Pediatric Endoscopy, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionCleveland Clinic Children'sKeith Kaye, MD, MPHChief, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolSachin Kedar, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineMartha Ann Keels, DDS, PhDAdjunct Associate Professor in PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterAdjunct Professor in Pediatric DentistryUniversity of North Carolina, Adams School of DentistryCorinne Keet, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineAnn Kellams, MD, IBCLC, FAAP, FABMProfessor, Division of General PediatricsVice Chair of Clinical Affairs, Department of PediatricsDirector, UVA Breastfeeding Medicine ProgramUniversity of VirginiaMichael Keller, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Allergy and ImmunologyChildren's National HospitalCiarán P Kelly, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNancy R Kelly, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, DallasJohn M Kelso, MDSection Editor – AnaphylaxisDivision of Allergy, Asthma, and ImmunologyScripps Clinic, San Diego, CAStephen F Kemp, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterAlex R Kemper, MD, MPH, MSProfessor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalKathi J Kemper, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineStephanie Kennebeck, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineBronwyn Kerr, MDHonorary Clinical Professor of Paediatrics and Medical GeneticsMAHSC, University of ManchesterShakila Khan, MDProfessor of PediatricsMayo Clinic College of MedicineChaouki Khoury, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Neurology and Child NeurologyTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterAndrew J Kienstra, MDAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsThe University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolPediatric Emergency Medicine, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasUS Acute Care SolutionsEugene S Kim, MDProfessor of Surgery, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineJae H Kim, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineJinah Kim, MD, PhDDermatopathologistPalo Alto Medical FoundationJonathan Kim, MDPhysician, Pediatric Ocular OncologyKaiser PermanenteMimi S Kim, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsKeck School of Medicine of USCCenter for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los AngelesSusan Kim, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoYukiko Kimura, MDProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineDivision Chief of Pediatric RheumatologyJoseph M Sanzari Children's HospitalHackensack University Medical CenterAlice King, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalAllison King, MD, MPH, PhDProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Division of HematologyWashington University School of MedicineBrent R King, MD, MMMProfessor of Emergency MedicineThe University of Maryland School of MedicineKatherine Yudeh King, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorPediatric Infectious DiseasesStem Cells and Regenerative Medicine CenterBaylor College of MedicineTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoErin M Kirkham, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric OtolaryngologyUniversity of MichiganNicole W Kittler, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey D Klausner, MD, MPHClinical Professor of Medicine, Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaBruce L Klein, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMarisa Klein-Gitelman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyChief, Division of RheumatologyAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineMonica Kleinman, MDAssociate Professor of Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolSteven Kleinman, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of British Columbia, VancouverElizabeth S Klings, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAmy D Klion, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistBaltimore, MDWilliam J Klish, MDEmeritus Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKevin J Knoop, MD, MSProgram Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Riverside Regional Medical Center, Newport News, VAClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VAClinical Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed ServicesUniversity of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MDAlan P Knutsen, MDDirector, Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyDirector, Jeffery Modell Diagnostic & Research Center for Primary ImmunodeficienciesProfessor of PediatricsSt. Louis University Health Sciences CenterPeter R Koenig, MD, FACC, FASEAssociate Professor of PediatricsFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityDonald B Kohn, MDProfessor, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics; Pediatrics; and Molecular and Medical PharmacologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesTsoline Kojaoghlanian, MDAssistant ProfessorMaimonides Children's HospitalE Anders Kolb, MDDirector, Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood DisordersNemours Children’s Hospital, DelawareMarin H Kollef, MDProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineBarbara A Konkle, MDScientific DirectorWashington Center for Bleeding DisordersProfessor of Medicine/HematologyUniversity of WashingtonMartin Konrad, MDProfessor of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Münster, GermanyBruce R Korf, MD, PhDWayne H and Sara Crews Finley Endowed Chair in Medical GeneticsDistinguished Professor, Department of GeneticsChief Genomics OfficerThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)Associate Dean for Genomic MedicineChristian M Korff, MDHead, Pediatric NeurologyGeneva University HospitalsEric HW Kossoff, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineSuresh Kotagal, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of NeurologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNCamille N Kotton, MDAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolKrzysztof Kowal, MD, PhDDepartment of Allergology and Internal MedicineMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, PolandReinhard Kramar, MDFormer Head of Department of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen- Wels, AustriaDonna M Krasnewich, MD, PhDProgram DirectorNational Institutes of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of HealthBaruch Krauss, MD, EdM, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEric V Krieger, MDDirector, Adult Congenital Heart ServiceProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineGuha Krishnaswamy, MD, FACP, FCCP, FACAAI, FAAAI, CC-DProfessor of Medicine and Infectious DiseasesWake Forest University School of MedicinePaul A Krogstad, MDResearch Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAKevin R Krull, PhDMember, Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalAttila Kumánovics, MDDirector, Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicGrace C Kung, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicineDennis Z Kuo, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of PediatricsJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloOren Kupfer, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute at Children's Hospital ColoradoIrving Kushner, MDProfessor EmeritusCase Western Reserve UniversityShana Kusin, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyOregon Health and Science UniversityDavid J Kuter, MD, DPhilProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJanet L Kwiatkowski, MD, MSCEDirector, Thalassemia ProgramChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaAnn S LaCasce, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndré Lacroix, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal, Quebec, CanadaJay G Ladde, MD, FACEP, FAAEMProfessor of Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida College of MedicineLori Laffel, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolStephen LaFranchi, MDProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityMichelle Lai, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterTanya M Laidlaw, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSeema R Lalani, MDProfessor, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineLeah Lalor, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinChristina Lam, MD, FAAP, FACMGAssistant Professor of PediatricsDivision of Genetic Medicine, University of WashingtonTimothy R LaPine, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PathologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineAnnie Lapointe, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Montreal, CanadaRegina LaRocque, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnne M Larson, MD, FACP, FAASLD, AGAFClinical Professor of MedicineClinic ChiefUW Medicine/NWH HepatologyNorthwest Hospital and Medical CenterRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChing Lau, MD, PhDChief, Hematology Oncology at Connecticut Children's Medical Center Professor at Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Head of Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineIlya Laufer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurosurgeryNYU Grossman School of MedicineMarc R Laufer, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie P Lawley, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineKarin Leder, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MPH, DTMHSection Editor — Travel MedicineHead of Infectious Diseases UnitMonash UniversityAndrew G Lee, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell College of MedicineBrendan Lee, MD, PhDProfessor and Chairman, Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalDale Young Lee, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorMedical Director, Clinical NutritionSeattle Children's HospitalHaur Yueh Lee, MBBS, MRCP, M Med (Int Med), FAMSAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologySingapore General HospitalDuke-NUS Medical SchoolJune A Lee, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineNew York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical CenterKimberly G Lee, MD, MS, IBCLCClinical Professor of Pediatrics (Neonatology)Medical University of South CarolinaLois K Lee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPui Y Lee, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolTeresa M Lee, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyColumbia University Medical CenterLara M Leijser, MD, PhD, MScAssistant Professor in Neonatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of CalgaryCumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteRobert F Lemanske, Jr, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health at Madison, WIJulie C Leonard, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsNationwide's Children's HospitalThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine andNationwide Children’s HospitalEdgar V Lerma, MD, FACP, FASN, FAHASGIM Peer ReviewerClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineAlyssa R Letourneau, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School Director, MGH Antimicrobial Stewardship ProgramDaniel H Leung, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineLawrence LK Leung, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationMaureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineJessica Levi, MDAssistant Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAssistant Professor in the Department of PediatricsBoston University/Boston Medical CenterDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthMichael D Levine, MDDepartment of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLynne L Levitsky, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDeborah M Levy, MD, MS, FRCPCAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoJason Levy, MD, RDMSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMoise L Levy, MDSection Editor — Pediatric DermatologyProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)Dell Medical School, University of Texas, AustinClinical Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam J Lewander, MDProfessor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsBrown UniversityB UK Li, MDSection Editor — Pediatric GastroenterologyProfessor of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinSuzanne C Li, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineChris A Liacouras, MDProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionCo-Director, Center for Pediatric Eosinophilic DiseasesThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaRodger A Liddle, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical SchoolErica L Liebelt, MD, FACMTProfessor, Department of Pediatrics Medical and Research Director, Pharmacology and ToxicologySection of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Pharmacology & ToxicologyCollege of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Associate Medical Director, Arkansas Poison and Drug Information CenterPhillip L Lieberman, MDClinical Professor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicinePeter A Lio, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaSusan Lipsett, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBenjamin A Lipsky, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FRCP (London), FRCPS (Glasg)Emeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonM Kathryn Liszewski, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineAugusto A Litonjua, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsGolisano Children's Hospital of University of Rochester Medical CenterEdwin Liu, MDTaplin Endowed Chair for Celiac DiseaseProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineDirector, Colorado Center for Celiac DiseaseMina Lobbous, MDAssistant Professor, Department of NeurologyCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve UniversityStaff Physician, Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology CenterCleveland Clinic FoundationCharles J Lockwood, MD, MHCMSection Editor — ObstetricsSenior Vice President, USF Health Dean, Morsani College of Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South FloridaLaura L Loftis, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnna SF Lok, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolKathleen M Loomes, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFred A Lopez, MDRichard Vial Professor and Vice ChairLouisiana State University School of MedicineMonica Esperanza Lopez, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatric SurgeryVice Chair, Surgical Quality and Evidence-based ProgramsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at VanderbiltKatherine Lord, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGarrett Losh, MDOtolaryngologyPrivate Practice at the Iowa ClinicTimothy E Lotze, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineDavid N Louis, MDPathologist-in-ChiefMassachusetts General HospitalBenjamin Castleman Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolFrank LoVecchio, DO, MPH, FACEPProfessor of Clinical Medicine, Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona, Banner and Maricopa Medical CentersPhoenix Children's HospitalStefanie R Lowas, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolGillian Lowe, MA MB BChir, MRCP, FRCPathConsultant HaematologistUniversity of BirminghamAlexander Lowenthal, MDStaff Pediatric CardiologistSchneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelFranklin D Lowy, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsProfessor Emeritus of Medicine and Pathology & Cell BiologyColumbia UniversityPhilip J Lupo, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of Epidemiology Program, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CentersBeatrice Lupsa, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineGretchen MacCarrick, MS, CGCSenior Genetic Counselor, Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityCharles G Macias, MD, MPHChief Quality Officer/Vice Chair Quality & Safety-University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve UniversityKenneth J Mack, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsChair, Division of Child and Adolescent NeurologyMayo Clinic College Of Medicine and ScienceAndrew P MacKenzie, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ConnecticutDirector of Maternal Fetal MedicineSt Francis Hospital and Medical CenterLawrence C Madoff, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolRobert Mak, MD, PhDProfessor and Chief, Division of Pediatric NephrologyUniversity of California, San DiegoRobert Maki, MD, PhDSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of MedicineAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaYvonne A Maldonado, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Health Research and Policy Stanford University School of MedicineKelly Michele Malloy, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolEwelina Mamcarz, MDAssociate Member, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular TherapySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMark J Manary, MDHelene B Roberson Professor of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. LouisGeorge T Mandy, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJohn P Manis, MDAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoint Program in Transfusion MedicineBoston Children's HospitalCatherine S Manno, MDPat and John Rosenwald, Jr. Professor and Chair, Department of PediatricsNYU School of MedicineStavros C Manolagas, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesKalpana Manthiram, MD, MSCIAssistant Clinical InvestigatorNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthChristos Mantzoros, MD, DScProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDror Marchaim, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineSackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv UniversityDirector of Infection Control and Prevention UnitShamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical CenterJulie M Marchant, MBBS, FRACP, PhDAssociate ProfessorAustralian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyPaola Marchisio, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of MilanBeatriz E Marciano, MDLaboratory of Clinical Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthErin N Marcus, MD, MPH, FACPProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineKaren J Marcus, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteAshfaq A Marghoob, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterTal Marom, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgerySamson Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Faculty of Health SciencesBen Gurion University of the NegevMartin S Maron, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseAssistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineLucila Marquez, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsPediatric Infectious Diseases Section, Baylor College of MedicineRebecca Marsh, MDSection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyProfessor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCamilia R Martin, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell MedicineMartin G Martin, MD, MPPProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, and NutritionDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLARichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineRichard J Martin, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthKiran Maski, MDInstructor, Harvard Medical SchoolClinician in Sleep and Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalDietrich Matern, MD, PhD, FACMGProfessor of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics and PediatricsCo-Director, Biochemical Genetics LaboratoryMayo ClinicBarbara M Mathes, MD, FACP, FAADClinical Associate, DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaErin Mathes, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoDavid J Mathison, MD, MBASenior Vice President, Clinical Operations - PM PediatricsPediatric Emergency PhysicianAlvin M Matsumoto, MDSection Editor — Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineTej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCPSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of MedicineProfessor of Urology, Wayne State University School of MedicineUrsula A Matulonis, MDProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Gynecologic OncologyDana-Farber Cancer InstituteMarcus Maurer, MDProfessor of Dermatology and AllergyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, GermanyOscar H Mayer, MDProfessor of Clinical Pediatrics, Pediatric PulmonologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineRobert Mazor, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSuzan Mazor, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJennifer McArthur, DOAssociate Member, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research HospitalAdjunct Associate Professor, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinBeth McCarville, MDDepartment of Diagnostic ImagingSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalKenneth L McClain, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineDirector of the Histiocytosis Program, Texas Children's HospitalMary McClain, RN, MSConsultant, SMART Study Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston UniversityMicah T McClain, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterKathryn M McCreery, FRCOphth, FRCSI, MRCPIConsultant Ophthalmic SurgeonChildren's Health Ireland at Crumlin, DublinDouglas McDonald, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolRuth A McDonald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonDermot P B McGovern, MD, PhD, FRCP (London)Joshua L and Lisa Z Greer Endowed Chair in IBD GeneticsDirector of Translational Medicine, Professor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterSharon McGrath-Morrow, MD, MBAProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric PulmonaryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineKenneth McIntosh, MDProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolTiffany M McKee-Garrett, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineValerie McLaughlin Crabtree, PhDChief, Psychosocial ServicesMember, Department of PsychologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalJennifer L McNeer, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's HospitalSection of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell TransplantDennis J McTigue, DDS, MSProfessor Emeritus, Division of Pediatric DentistryOhio State UniversityPaul Mead, MD, MPHChief, Bacterial Diseases BranchCenters for Disease Control and PreventionRobert T Means, Jr, MD, MACPSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Internal MedicineJames H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityWilliam P Meehan, III, MDDirector of The Micheli Center for Sports Injury PreventionDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJoan Y Meek, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical SciencesFlorida State University College of MedicineJames B Meigs, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGerda Meijler, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistIsala Women and Children’s HospitalShlomo Melmed, MDExecutive Vice President and DeanCedars Sinai Medical CenterProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California at Los Angeles School of MedicineDonna Reyes Mendez, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC) Medical School HoustonLinyan Meng, PhD, FACMGAssistant Professor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam C Mentzer, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoMark R Mercurio, MD, MAProfessor of PediatricsChief, Neonatal-Perinatal MedicineDirector, Yale Pediatric Ethics ProgramYale University School of MedicineDeborah P Merke, MD, MSPediatric EndocrinologistBethesda, MDKevin Messacar, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAndrew G Messenger, MD, FRCPProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of SheffieldAnna H Messner, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineLaura K Metrock, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamDenise W Metry, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDominique Michaud, Sc.DProfessorDepartment of Public Health & Community MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolDavid Michelson, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsLoma Linda UniversityNathan W Mick, MDAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineAmy B Middleman, MD, MPH, MS EdSection Editor — Adolescent MedicineProfessor of Pediatrics, Chief of Adolescent MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterRussell Migita, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolElizabeth Miller, MD, PhD, FSAHMDirector, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult MedicineUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineRachel L Miller, MD, FAAAAIDr. David and Dorothy Merksamer Professor of Medicine (Allergy and Immunology)Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJohn J Millichap, MD, FAAP, FAANAdjunct Associate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineNils Milman, MDDepartment of Lung TransplantationRigshospitalet, DenmarkJeffrey E Ming, MD, PhDAdjunct Assistant Professor of PediatricsThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChrisAnna M Mink, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJonathan W Mink, MD, PhDProfessor of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, and NeuroscienceUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterGregory Mints, MD, FACPAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeMadhusmita Misra, MD, MPHFritz Bradley Talbot and Nathan Bill Talbot Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolManoj K Mittal, MD, ML, MRCP (UK)Professor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSahil Mittal, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineShahla Modarresi, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJohn F Modlin, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Emeritus)Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthKenneth J Moise Jr, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Women's HealthDirector, Comprehensive Fetal Care Center at Dell Children's Dell Medical SchoolDaren Molina, MDPediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineBruce A Molitoris, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineBrian R Moore, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterRobert H Moore, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSean R Moore, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsDirector of Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & NutritionUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineChristopher J Moran, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolC Scott Moreland, DOClinical Assistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineJames P Morgan, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineKimberly Morish*ta, MD, MHSc, FRCPCClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Rheumatology, Department of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaClaudia R Morris, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineThe Wilbur Fisk Glenn Jr. Distinguished Faculty Chair for Clinical & Translational ResearchEmory University School of MedicineJ Glenn Morris, Jr, MD, MPHTMProfessor of MedicineDirector, Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaRachael Morris-Jones, FRCP, PhD, PCMEDermatology Consultant and Training Programme DirectorGuys and St Thomas Hospital and King's College LondonAnne Marie Morse, DOClinical Associate Professor, Geisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineGeisinger Medical Center, Janet Weis Children's HospitalMaria Moschovi, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Hematology-OncologyUniversity of AthensKathleen J Motil, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric NutritionProfessor of Pediatric NutritionBaylor College of MedicineAlbeir Y Mousa, MD, FACS, MBA, MPH, RPVIProfessor, Department of SurgeryVascular and Endovascular Surgery DivisionWest Virginia UniversityMarialena Mouzaki, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineEllen Mowry, MD, MCRProfessor of Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityMelissa Muff-Luett, MDAssistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical SchoolChildren's Hospital and Medical CenterMary P Mullen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolFlor M Munoz, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTimothy F Murphy, MDSUNY Distinguished ProfessorUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkPamela Murray, MD, MHPAssociate Professor Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAdolescent and Young Adult MedicineInstructor, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthKarol Musher, MA, CCC-SLPAssistant Professor of OtolaryngologyBaylor College of MedicineKasiani C Myers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune DeficiencyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterJoshua Nagler, MD, MHPEdSection Editor — Pediatric SurgeryAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBindi Naik-Mathuria, MD, MPHProfessor of Surgery and Chief, Division of Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchThomas A Nakagawa, MD, FAAP, FCCMProfessorUniversity of Florida College of MedicineSandeep K Narang, MD, JDProfessor of PediatricsChild Advocacy and Protection ServicesChildren's WisconsinMichael Narkewicz, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnupama Narla, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology)Stanford University School of MedicineFabio A Nascimento, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAEEG/Epilepsy Clinical FellowRobert S Negrin, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineLewis S Nelson, MDProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNew Jersey Poison Information & Education SystemKenneth G Nepple, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of UrologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineGregory Ness, DDS, FACSEmeritus Professor - ClinicalCollege of Dentistry, The Ohio State UniversityMark I Neuman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCindy Neunert, MD, MSCSAssociate Professor, PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterRemi Neviere, MDProfessorUniversity Hospital CHU of MartiniqueJane W Newburger, MD, MPHCommonwealth Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Newey, MDSenior Lecturer in Endocrinology, Division of Molecular & Clinical MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical School, University of DundeeNancy J Newman, MDLeo Delle Jolley Professor of OphthalmologyEmory University School of MedicineAndrea K Ng, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteThien T Nguyen, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicinePatrick Niaudet, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of PediatricsHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceJulieana Nichols, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMaribeth R Nicholson, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterKarin Nielsen-Saines, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Infectious DiseasesUCLA Mattel Children's Hospital David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDPeter A Nigrovic, MDPrince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalLawrence M Nogee, MDProfessor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDouglas R Nordli, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor and Chief of Child NeurologyUniversity of ChicagoLuigi D Notarangelo, MDSection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyBethesda, MDArthur J Nowak, DMDProfessor Emeritus Pediatric Dentistry and PediatricsUniversity of IowaAnna Nowak-Węgrzyn, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsNYU Grossman School of MedicineJed G Nuchtern, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery DivisionBaylor College of MedicineHope O'Brien, MD, MBA, FAAN, FAHSFounder & CEOHeadache Center of HopeMichael J O'Brien, MDDirector of the Sports Concussion ClinicDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsHarvard Medical SchoolSarah O'Brien, MD, MScSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's HospitalSharon E O'Brien, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsBoston University School of MedicinePaul M O'Byrne, MB, FRCP(C), FRSCDean and Vice President, Faculty of Health Sciences, ProfessorMcMaster University, CanadaHans D Ochs, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonAyrn O'Connor, MDClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine - PhoenixDonough J O'Donovan, MDClinical Lecturer in PediatricsNational University of Ireland, GalwayOladapo Odujebe, MDAssistant Professor and Medical ToxicologistEmory University and Georgia Poison Control CenterChristopher M Oermann, MDProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineErin O'Ferrall, MDAssistant ProfessorMcGill UniversityChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHideki Ogiwara, MD, PhDChief, Division of NeurosurgeryNational Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanRobin Ohls, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of UtahProfessor Emerita of PediatricsUniversity of New MexicoAderonke Ojo, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineM Fatih Okcu, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKelly P O'Keefe, MD, FACEPProgram Director and ProfessorFlorida State University College of MedicineEmergency Medicine ResidencySarasota Memorial HospitalMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemMichael J Olek, DOAssociate Professor of NeurologyTouro University Nevada College of Osteopathic MedicineAnthony P Olivé, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics Baylor College of MedicineKelly A Olson, MD, MAHonorary Administrator in the Institute of Medical Sciences, within the School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenTimothy S Olson, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsComprehensive Bone Marrow Failure CenterMedical Director, Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant ProgramDivisions of Pediatric Oncology and HematologyThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of PennsylvaniaJohanna Olson-Kennedy, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicinePuneet Opal, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityJordan S Orange, MD, PhDEditor-in-Chief — Allergy and ImmunologySection Editor — Immunology and ImmunodeficiencyProfessor of PediatricsColumbia UniversityRobert C O'Reilly, MDChief Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, A.I. duPont Hospital for ChildrenProfessor of Otolaryngology and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson UniversityHarry T Orr, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaInstitute for Translational NeuroscienceMiguel G O'Ryan, MDProfessor, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileBenjamin Osborne, MDAssociate ProfessorGeorgetown University HospitalMatt Oster, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAssociate Professor of Public HealthEmory University Rollins School of Public HealthKevin C Osterhoudt, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineKathryn K Ostermaier, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDirector of the Texas Children's Down Syndrome ClinicChristopher P Ouellette, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State UniversityCindy Owen, MDSection Editor — Acne and RosaceaAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleJudith A Owens, MD, MPHDirector of Sleep MedicineBoston Children's HospitalTulin Ozcan, MDMaternal Fetal Medicine SpecialistInova Medical CampusYoram C Padeh, MDInstructor in Clinical MedicineMount Sinai Medical CenterRekha Pai Mangalore, MBBS, FRACP, MPH, DTM&HInfectious Diseases SpecialistAlfred Health, MelbourneAimee Pak, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyAugusta University Medical CenterShea Palamountain, MDTexas Children's PediatricsHouston, TXDebra L Palazzi, MD, MEdProfessor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases SectionBaylor College of MedicineJoel M Palefsky, MDProfessorUniversity of California San FranciscoPast President, International Papillomavirus SocietyPast President, International Anal Neoplasia SocietyBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMark R Palmert, MD, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of TorontoDivision of Endocrinology, Hospital for Sick ChildrenMohan Pammi, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDiane E Pappas, MD, JDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineAlberto S Pappo, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OncologyHead of Solid Malignancies ProgramSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalKenneth Paris, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsLSU Health Sciences Center New OrleansManoj Pariyadath, MDUltrasound DirectorAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineWake Forest University Baptist Medical CenterAlasdair Parker, MBBS, MRCPCH, MD, MA, PG Cert EdConsultant Paediatric Neurologist and Associate LecturerUniversity of CambridgeMargaret G Parker, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Memorial Medical SchoolShalini Paruthi, MDAdjunct Associate ProfessorSaint Louis University School of MedicineMark S Pasternack, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolNishaben Patel, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Golisano Children's HospitalPriya J Patel, MDAssistant Professor in Clinical MedicineSection of Allergy and ImmunologyPulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care DivisionPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAllison Payne, MD MSProfessor, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityEvelyn A Paysse, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OphthalmologyProfessor of Ophthalmology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSassan Pazirandeh, MDDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKaiser Permanente Medical CenterDavid Peden, MDHarry S. Andrews Distinguished Professor of PediatricsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillP Samuel Pegram, MD, FACPProfessor Emeritus of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineStephen I Pelton, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthBarbara M Peña, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorWertheim College of MedicineLynn F Peng, MDClinical Professor, Cath Lab DirectorStanford University Medical CenterRobert L Penn, MDProfessor of Medicine, Infectious DiseasesLouisiana State University School of Medicine in ShreveportTamas R Peredy, MD, FACEP, FACMTClinical Associate Professor, Florida State UniversityEmergency Physician, Sarasota Memorial HospitalRafael Perez-Escamilla, PhDProfessor of Public HealthYale School of Public HealthJohn R Perfect, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterCatherine E Perron, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolHolly Perry, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts School of MedicineBeth N Peshkin, MS, CGCProfessor of Oncology, Certified Genetic CounselorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchStephen Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI, ATSF, FCPPDavis Professor and Chief, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineJoseph B Philips III, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamSarah M Phillips, MS, RD, LDInstructor of Pediatric GastroenterologyBaylor College of MedicineDaniel L Picchietti, MDClinical Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois School of Medicine at Urbana-ChampaignClinical Professor, Carle Illinois College of MedicineCarle Sleep Disorders Center, Carle Foundation HospitalMichael E Pichichero, MDDirector, Research InstituteRochester General HospitalPedro A Piedra, MDProfessor of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSara E Pinney, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaBianca Maria Piraccini, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyDavid S Pisetsky, MD, PhDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Systemic Lupus ErythematosusProfessor of Medicine and ImmunologyDuke University Medical CenterNelly Pitteloud, MDProfessor in MedicineLausanne University SwitzerlandPenelope Pivalizza, MDDevelopmental and Behavioral PediatricianIndependent practice, HoustonJames M Pivarnik, PhDProfessor of Kinesiology, Epidemiology, and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityCraig D Platt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolStaff Physician, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalThomas A E Platts-Mills, MD, PhDOscar Swineford Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Medical SchoolSharon E Plon, MD, PhDDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterProfessorPediatrics/Hematology-OncologyMolecular and Human GeneticsHuman Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineWendy J Pomerantz, MD, MSCo-Director, Injury Free Coalition of Greater CincinnatiProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiScott L Pomeroy, MD, PhDBronson Crothers Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephen Ponder, MD, FAAP, CDCESProfessor of Pediatrics Texas A&M University College of MedicineJacquelyn M Powers, MD, MSAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineManuel Praga, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineComplutense University, MadridJosef T Prchal, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of UtahMark R Proctor, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAaron R Prosnitz, MDSanger Heart and Vascular InstituteLevine Children’s HospitalAtrium HealthJordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRSProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of WashingtonChing-Hon Pui, MDChair of the Department of OncologyFahad Al-Rashid Chair of Leukemia ResearchSt. Jude's Children's HospitalAmerican Cancer Society Professor Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterRajesh Punn, MDClinical Associate ProfessorStanford University, Lucile Packard Children’s HospitalKaren M Puopolo, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineKate B Püttgen, MD, FAADAdjunct Associate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineCharles T Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterJames M Quinn, MDProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesDiana R Quintero, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee KnoxvilleRubén E Quirós-Tejeira, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaBenjamin A Raby, MD, MPHSection Editor — GeneticsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHershel Raff, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of Wisconsin and the AdvocateAurora Research InstituteLeslie Raffini, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of PennsylvaniaNino Rainusso, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's Cancer & Hematology CentersMark E Ralston, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesChris Ramsook, MDAttending PhysicianPhoenix Children's HospitalStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalGregory W Randolph, MD, FACSAssociate Professor in Otology & LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolCaroline L Rao, MDAssociate ProfessorDuke Department of DermatologyRama B Rao, MDAssistant Professor Emergency Medicine and Medical ToxicologyWeill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell UniversityJean L Raphael, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRahul H Rathod, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence D Recht, MDProfessor of NeurologyStanford University School of MedicineGregory Redding, MDSection Editor — Pediatric PulmonologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineLesley Rees, MD, FRCPCHEmeritus Professor of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UKHonorary Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist, Great Ormond Street HospitalSamuel Refetoff, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Committee on GeneticsUniversity of ChicagoAnetta Reszko, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyWeill Cornell Medical CenterAndrew L Reynolds, MDClinical Associate ProfessorResidency Program DirectorDepartment of OphthalmologyRoss Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine, University at BuffaloJames D Reynolds, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyState University of New York at BuffaloDavid Richards, MD, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineErick J Richmond, MDChief of Pediatric Endocrinology, National Children's HospitalSan Jose, Costa RicaMichael C Riddell, PhDProfessorYork UniversityNicholas L Rider, DOAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Allergy and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineLaura E Riley, MDChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalSteven Ringer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsGeisel School of MedicineArieh Riskin, MD, MHA, PhDDepartment of NeonatologyBnai Zion Medical Center, IsraelClinical Associate ProfessorRappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, IsraelMark G Roback, MDSection Head, Emergency MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDavid W Roberson, MD, MBA, FACS, FRCSAttending OtolaryngologistBayhealth Medical CenterSussex, DelawareDarren M Roberts, MBBS, PhD, FRACPClinical ToxicologistRoyal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney and NSW Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's Hospital NetworkWestmead, AustraliaDavid J Roberts, MA, MB, D PhilProfessor of HematologyNuffield Dept of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of OxfordW Neal Roberts, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyCarrie Elizabeth Robertson, MDSection Editor - Headache (Neurology)Assistant Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceR Paul Robertson, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of MinnesotaPaul D Robinson, MBChB, MRCPCH, FRACP, PhDSenior Staff Specialist, Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineChildren's Hospital at WestmeadProfessorUniversity of SydneyBrianne Barnett Roby, MDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaGriffin P Rodgers, MDDirector, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthLinda H Rodgers, MGC, CGCGenetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk AssessmentLeonel A Rodriguez, MD, MSSection Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Director, Gastroenterology Procedure Program Director, Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Disorders Program Associate Professor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineThomas A Roesler, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineZora R Rogers, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, EmeritusUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterAlan D Rogol, MD, PhDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of VirginiaChaim M Roifman, CM, MD, FRCPC, FCACBProfessor of Pediatrics and ImmunologyUniversity of Toronto, CanadaPat Rojmahamongkol, MDYale School of MedicineSiriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, ThailandNeil Romberg, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of PennsylvaniaAttending PhysicianChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaJosé R Romero, MD, FAAP, FIDSA, FPIDS, FAAASDirector, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory VirusesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSusan R Rose, MDProfessor Emerita, Pediatric EndocrinologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of CincinnatiDennis M Rosen, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolGerald M Rosen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJoseph B Rosen, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineChris Rosenbaum, MD, MSc, FACEPAssistant Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineTufts University Medical SchoolDirector of Medical ToxicologyNewton-Wellesley HospitalHenry Rosenberg, MDPresident Emeritus, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United StatesNorman D Rosenblum, MD, FRCPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoScott B Rosenfeld, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and ScoliosisBaylor College of MedicineRobert L Rosenfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAdjunct Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemDavid S Rosenthal, MDProfessor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Ross, MDProfessor of Sexual Health and HIVDepartment of Sexual Health and HIVUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustStephen J Roth, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics (Cardiology)Stanford University School of MedicineJean-Michel Roué, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Brest, FranceJohn M Routes, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Medicine, Microbiology/ImmunologyDepartment of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Wisconsin Medical College of WisconsinJayanta Roy-Chowdhury, MD, MRCP, AGAF, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNamita Roy-Chowdhury, PhD, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePaul J Rozance, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Neonatal MedicineUniversity of Colorado DenverArye Rubinstein, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Microbiology and ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Hospital Medical CenterPaul A Rufo, MD, MMScAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolProgram Director, Harvard Medical School Fellowship in Pediatric GastroenterologyMichelle Ruha, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, PhoenixFadel E Ruiz, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMelissa L Russo, MDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Clinical GeneticistAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityEdward T Ryan, MD, DTMHSection Editor — Parasitic InfectionsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLeticia Manning Ryan, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins Children's CenterMonique M Ryan, FRACPProfessorUniversity of MelbourneHead, Department of NeurologyRoyal Children's Hospital MelbourneKenneth G Saag, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremiah J Sabado, MDClinical Instructor of Radiology and PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversitySabina Sabharwal, MD, MPHInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKarin Sadow, MDChief Medical Officer, PM Pediatric CarePM Pediatrics of MamaroneckRichard A Saladino, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSusan Saleeb, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJack C Salerno, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Arrhythmia and Pacing ServicesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAndrew D Samel, MDAffiliate Staff MemberSturdy Memorial HospitalJonathan M Samet, MD, MSDean and ProfessorColorado School of Public HealthJennifer A Sample, MDSection Editor — ToxicologyProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri, Kansas City School of MedicinePharmacologist and ToxicologistChildren's Mercy Kansas CityCharles V Sanders, MDProfessor of Medicine, Emeritus Louisiana State University School of Medicine New OrleansIan R Sanderson, MDProfessor of Pediatric GastroenterologyBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryClaudio Sandoval, MDVidya Sankar, DMD, MHSTufts School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Diagnostic ScienceDivision Director of Oral MedicineJonathan A Santana, DOAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineDonika Saporito, MS, CGCCertified Genetic CounselorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterDenis Sasseville, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Dermatology, Division of DermatologyMcGill University Health CentreThomas T Sato, MD, FACS, FAAPProfessor of Surgery, Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric SurgeryChildren's Wisconsin/Medical College of WisconsinGregory Sawicki, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRichard J Scarfone, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJulie V Schaffer, MDAttending in Pediatric DermatologyDirector, Pediatric Dermatology FellowshipDivision of Pediatric & Adolescent Dermatology Hackensack University Medical CenterWilliam Schechter, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsColumbia University Medical CenterAnn O Scheimann, MD, MBAAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineSteven J Scheinman, MDDean EmeritusGeisinger Commonwealth School of MedicineSusan A Scherl, MDProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaDavid Schiff, MDProfessor of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineMichael L Schilsky, MD, FAASLDMedical Director, Adult Liver Transplant Yale-New Haven Transplantation CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Transplantation and ImmunologyYale University Medical CenterRodney J Schlosser, MDProfessor and Director of Rhinology and Sinus SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaArthur B Schneider, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineRobert T Schoen, MDClinical Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineAlison Schonwald, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKasmintan A Schrader, MBBS, FRCPC, PhDMedical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaBarbara Schreiner, PhD, RN, CDCES, BC-ADMCertified Diabetes Care and Education SpecialistIndependent Education ConsultantIris Schrijver, MDAdjunct Clinical Professor of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineElaine E Schulte, MD, MPHVice Chair, Academic Affairs and Faculty DevelopmentProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Academic General PediatricsThe Children's Hospital at MontefioreThe Pediatric Hospital for Albert Einstein College of MedicineRebecca J Schultz, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC, FAESAssociate ProfessorTexas Woman's UniversitySara Schutzman, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence B Schwartz, MDCharles and Evelyn Thomas Professor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityPeter J Schwartz, MDProfessor of Cardiology and Director of the Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic OriginIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCSSarah Jane Schwarzenberg, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalPaula Schweich, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRobert D Sege, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsTufts University School of MedicineSofia Segura-Perez, MS, RDDirector, Nutrition UnitHispanic Health CouncilDuygu Selcen, MDProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceElizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPHProfessor of Epidemiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthEmmanuel Seront, MD, PhDDepartment of Medical Oncology Institut Roi Albert II, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumChristine M Seroogy, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin Medical SchoolSanjeev Sethi, MD, PhDProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineMala Setty, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalsDaniel J Sexton, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAmit A Shah, MD, MSHPAssistant Professor of Clinical PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineSonal D Shah, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyCase Western Reserve UniversityNader Shaikh, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineOranit Shaked, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics Wertheim College of MedicineAmy D Shapiro, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and thrombosisMedical Director, Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterAdjunct Senior Investigator, Clinical TrackBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Milwaukee)Eugene D Shapiro, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Public Health and Investigative MedicineYale University School of MedicineJerry Shapiro, MDProfessor - The Ronald O. Perelman Department of DermatologyNew York UniversityNatalie Shaw, MD, MMScLasker Clinical Research ScholarPediatric Neuroendocrinology GroupNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NIH)Adjunct Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke UniversityPaul Shekelle, MDProfessor of MedicineUCLA Medical SchoolStephen H Sheldon, DO, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics and NeurologyNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineRenée Shellhaas, MD, MSAssociate Dean for Faculty Promotions & Career DevelopmentProfessor, Department of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisEyal Shemesh, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryChief, Division of Behavioral and Developmental HealthThe Department of Pediatrics and Kravis Children's HospitalIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJ Greene Shepherd, PharmDProfessor of Clinical PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina - Eshelman School of PharmacySarah E Sheppard, MD, PhDUnit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentDavid D Sherry, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaAvinash Shetty, MDProfessor of PediatricsWake Forest University School of MedicineEvelyn K Shih, MD, PhDInstructor, Division of NeurologyThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalRebecca J Shlafer, PhD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolJason M Shohet, MD, PhDDivision Chair, Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolCynthia K Shortell, MDChief of Staff, Department of Surgery Professor and Chief, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDivision of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterClaire L Shovlin, PhD, FRCPProfessor of Practice (Clinical and Molecular Medicine), NHLI Cardiovascular SciencesImperial College, LondonWayne G Shreffler, MD, PhDMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolRoni M Shtein, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganRobert J Shulman, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineCheryl Shuman, MS, CGCProfessorUniversity of TorontoLaura Sices, MD, MSDepartment of PediatricsDirector, Developmental and Behavioral PediatricsCottage Children's Medical CenterSanta Barbara Cottage HospitalScott H Sicherer, MD, FAAAAISection Editor — Food AllergyProfessor of PediatricsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRobert Sidbury, MD, MPHProfessor - Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineEllen Sidransky, MDBranch Chief, Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthColin A Sieff, MB, BCh, FRCPathAssociate Professor of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalDawn H Siegel, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyStanford UniversityJennifer N Silva, MDAssociate Professor Pediatrics and Biomedical EngineeringWashington University School of Medicine in Saint LouisRebecca Simmons, MDHallam Hurt Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaRichard H Simon, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Health Sciences CenterKelly Sinclair, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsThe Children's Mercy HospitalJonathan I Singer, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Surgical EmergenciesProfessor of Emergency Medicine and PediatricsWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterRakesh K Singh, MD, MSMedical Director, Heart Failure & TransplantationPediatric Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of MedicineTP Singh, MD, MScBoston Children's HospitalAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarco L A Sivilotti, MD, MSc, FRCPC, FACMT, FAACTProfessor of Emergency Medicine and of Biomedical & Molecular SciencesQueen's University, Kingston CanadaJoseph A Skelton, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineDirector, Brenner FIT (Families in Training) ProgramBrenner Children's HospitalCharles Sklar, MDProfessor of PediatricsWeill Cornell Medical CollegeDavid Smith, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorDivisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pulmonary MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiJodi Smith, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonNicole A Smith, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRichard JH Smith, MDProfessor of OtolaryngologyUniversity of IowaSabrina E Smith, MD, PhDPediatric NeurologistKaiser Permanente Oakland Medical CenterSharon R Smith, MDEmergency Medicine Physician, Research Director for the Emergency Department,University of ConnecticutValeria Smith, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/OncologyBaylor College of MedicineVincent C Smith, MD, MPHAssociate Professor in Pediatrics, Boston University Medical SchoolDivision Chief of Newborn Medicine, Boston Medical CenterHannah F Smitherman, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsPediatric Clerkship DirectorBurnett School of Medicine, Texas Christian UniversityAttending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cook Children's HospitalWilliam E Smoyer, MD, FASNC. Robert Kidder Chair, Vice President, Clinical and Translational ResearchDirector, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, The Ohio State UniversityScott B Snapper, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGreg Snead, MDChief of Emergency UltrasoundUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesMarianna Sockrider, MD, DrPHProfessor of Pediatric PulmonologyBaylor College of MedicineRoland Solensky, MDLecturerOregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of PharmacyMichael J Somers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMary Beth F Son, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEunkyung Song, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State UniversityGagan K Sood, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Surgery and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineManu R Sood, MBBS, FRCPCH, MD, MScProfessor and Head of the Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois, College of Medicine, PeoriaPaul Sorajja, MDDirector, Center for Valve and Structural Heart Disease Minneapolis Heart InstituteBrian D Soriano, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics & Adjunct Associate Professor of RadiologyHeart Center, Seattle Children's HospitalUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJonathan Soslow, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatric CardiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineTaunton R Southwood, MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP, FRCPCHEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of Birmingham and Birmingham Children's HospitalDavid H Spach, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMichael E Speer, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDenis Spelman, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MPHSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsAdjunct ProfessorMonash UniversityJeanne Spencer, MDProgram DirectorConemaugh Family Medicine ResidencyJonathan M Spergel, MD, PhD, FAAAAIProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDavid R Spielberg, MD, MHScAssistant Professor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineJames E Squires, MD, MSAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionTarak Srivastava, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineMary Allen Staat, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of CincinnatiAnne M Stack, MDSection Editor — Pediatric ProceduresAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarisa Stahl, MD, MSCSAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDanielle A Stamm, RN, MSN, FNP-BCClinical Coordinator and Lead Advanced Practice NurseCenter for Advanced Intestinal RehabilitationBoston Children's HospitalPeter P Stanich, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDirector, Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary PolyposisThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterF Bruder Stapleton, MDEditor-in-Chief — PediatricsSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRenee D Stapleton, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineMichela Starace, MD, PhDJunior Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Bologna, ItalyAnn R Stark, MDProfessor in Residence of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Faculty Development, Department of NeonatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterJeffrey R Starke, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAndrew Steer, MBBS, PhD, FRACPHonorary ProfessorDepartment of Paediatrics, University of MelbournePediatric Infectious Diseases Physician, Royal Children's Hospital MelbourneDirector, Infection and Immunity Research Theme, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteS J Steggerda, MD, PhDPediatrician-NeonatologistLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, NeonatologyMartin H Steinberg, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University School of MedicineCourtney D Stephenson, DO, FACOGClinical ProfessorUNC Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineFetal InterventionIain Stephenson, MD, FRCPSenior Lecturer in Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospitals of Leicester, UKRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryC Philip Steuber, MDProfessor of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineDennis L Stevens, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDonna Stewart, CM, MD, FRCPCUniversity Professor of Psychiatry, Ob-Gyn, Medicine, Surgery, Anesthesia, and Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Toronto and University Health NetworkJane Stewart, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPatricia H Stewart, MDAllergy & ImmunologyMississippi Center for Advanced MedicineE Richard Stiehm, MDDistinguished Research Professor of PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAPaul C Stillwell, MDSenior Instructor, Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusBreathing Institute Children’s Hospital ColoradoSylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, MD, PhD, MBA, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of British ColumbiaHead Division of Biochemical DiseasesBC, CanadaElena Stoffel, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDirector, Cancer Genetics ClinicUniversity of MichiganJeff Stokes, MD, FAAAAI, FACAAIProfessor of PediatricsWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicKimberly P Stone, MD, MS, MAAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSean M Stone, MD, FACEPEmergency Medicine PhysicianWillamette Falls Medical CenterAndrea Stracciolini, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolScott Stringer, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJared Strote, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher G Strother, MDAssistant Professor, Emergency Medicine and PediatricsMount Sinai School of MedicineJohn Strouse, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine and PediatricsDirector, Adult Sickle Cell ProgramDuke University School of MedicineJason R Stubbs, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterAlison Stuebe, MD, MScProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Maternal-Fetal MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineJack M Su, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorTexas Children's Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineMark K Su, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineNew York University School of MedicineFrederick J Suchy, MD, FAASLDSenior Research StrategistChildren’s Hospital Colorado Research InstituteProfessor of Pediatrics, Associate Dean for Child Health ResearchUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJohn L Sullivan, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of MassachusettsAngela Sun, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle Children's HospitalRobert Sundel, MDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBernhard Suter, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics & NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineJennifer A Sutter, MDClinical Associate ProfessorBrody School of Medicine, East Carolina UniversityV Reid Sutton, MDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineNijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, MDProfessor of NeurologyChulalongkorn University Medical SchoolBritta Svoren, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterGeeta K Swamy, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityDavid L Swanson, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyMayo ClinicVineeta T Swaroop, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityMoira A Szilagyi, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)Theresa Tacy, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University Lucile Packard Children's HospitalPaula Tähtinen, MD, PhDClinical Lecturer, Adjunct Professor Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuDanielle S Takacs, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics and NeurologyBaylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's HospitalClifford M Takemoto, MDSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyChief, Division of Clinical HematologyMember, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalSidhartha Tan, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineIgnacio E Tapia, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaKatherine Tarlock, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of WashingtonResearch Associate, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterPhillip I Tarr, MDMelvin E. Carnahan Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Molecular MicrobiologyChief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & NutritionWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineRobert C Tasker, MBBS, MDProfessor of Neurology and Anaesthesia (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolDimitris N Tatakis, DDS, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric Oral HealthProfessor of PeriodontologyThe Ohio State University College of DentistryRobert V Tauxe, MD, MPHDirector, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, andEnvironmental DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionGeorge A Taylor, MDJohn A Kirkpatrick Professor Emeritus of Radiology (Pediatrics)Harvard Medical SchoolSharonda A Taylor, MD, FAAP, FSAHM, Dipl. of ABOMAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineSection Medical Director, Teens Working on Wellness Adolescent Weight Management Clinic Director, Pediatric Obesity Elective Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's HospitalTerrie E Taylor, DOUniversity Distinguished Professor, MSU Foundation ProfessorCollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State UniversityStephen J Teach, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesAyalew Tefferi, MDProfessor of Medicine and HematologyMayo Medical SchoolJonathan E Teitelbaum, MDClinical ProfessorRobert Wood Johnson School of MedicineEng-Kiong Teo, MDGastroenterologistChangi General Hospital, SingaporeWan-Yee Teo, MBBS, FAAP, MRCPCH (UK), FRCP Edin, PhDAssistant Professor Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolAdjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-OncologyBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth TePas, MD, MSSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Allergy and ImmunologyDeputy Editor — PediatricsInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAmanda M Termuhlen, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolJun Teruya, MD, DScProfessor of Pathology & Immunology, Pediatrics, and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineMatthew Tews, DOProfessor of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine – West LafayetteJay R Thiagarajah, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolAttending Physician, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalDiane Thiboutot, MDProfessor and Vice Chair of Dermatology ResearchPenn State University College of MedicineJennifer L Thompson, MDAssistant Professor Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterLinda Thompson, MDCook Children's HospitalFort Worth, TexasChandrashekhar Thukral, MD, PhDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Illinois, College of Medicine at RockfordChristopher A Thurber, PhD, ABPPCounseling and Psychological ServicesPhillips Exeter AcademyChristopher Tinkle, MD, PhDAssociate Member, Department of Radiation OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalJohn E Tis, MDChief, Pediatric OrthopaedicsMid-Atlantic Permanente Medical GroupAaron Tobian, MD, PhDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineProfessor of Pathology, Medicine and Epidemiology Director, Transfusion Medicine DivisionSchool of Medicine Bloomberg School of Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniversityTadanori Tomita, MDYeager Professor, Division of Pediatric NeurosurgeryAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoProfessor, Department of NeurosurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineBurkhard Tönshoff, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics and Pediatric NephrologyUniversity Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, GermanyMark Topazian, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Digestive DiseaseMayo ClinicMary M Torchia, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — PediatricsAvram Z Traum, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarsha J Treadwell, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsDivision of HematologyUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital OaklandIndi Trehan, MD, MPH, DTM&HAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Global Health, and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonCécile Tremblay, MDProfessorUniversity of Montreal, CanadaJohn K Triedman, MDSection Editor — Pediatric CardiologyProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAlex Troncoso, MDAttending Physician, Department of Emergency MedicineRiverview Medical CenterNaiwen D Tu, MDPediatricianTexas Children's Pediatrics - Pediatric Medical GroupJoAnn M Tufariello, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAykut Tugertimur, MD, FACCAttending Pediatric CardiologistAssistant Professor of PediatricsHofstra Northwell School of MedicineElaine I Tuomanen, MDChair, Infectious DiseasesSt Jude Children's Research HospitalRenee M Turchi, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsDrexel University College of Medicine and Community Health and PreventionDrexel University School of Public HealthTeri Lee Turner, MD, MPH, MEdProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineR Michael Tuttle, MDProfessor of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMiriam S Udler, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLynne Uhl, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolNicole J Ullrich, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolSanthosh A Upadhyaya, MDAssistant Member, Dept. of Oncology, Division of Neuro-OncologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalD Scott Upton, MDSports MedicinePrivate Practice, San DiegoNeil G Uspal, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonAttending PhysicianSeattle Children's HospitalRudolph P Valentini, MDProfessor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineJesus G Vallejo, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineFrank van Bel, MD, PhDProfessor of Neonatology Emeritus, Department of Neonatology Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center, Utrecht, The NetherlandsMartin van den Bent, MD, PhDDaniel den Hoed Oncology CenterNeuro-Oncology UnitHilde Van Esch, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity Hospitals LeuvenClara Van Karnebeek, MD, PhDProfessor in Pediatrics, Head of Department of Metabolic DiseasesEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical CentresAmalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, NijmegenRaymond Vanholder, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity Hospital, Ghent, BelgiumMonica S Vavilala, MDProfessor of Anesthesiology and PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSanthi Swaroop Vege, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicPat R Vehrs, PhD, FACSMAssociate ProfessorBrigham Young UniversityLarissa I Velez, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJohn Vella, MD, FACP, FRCP, FASN, FASTSection Editor — Kidney TransplantationAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJames Verbsky, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics and Microbiology/ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinDavid M Vernick, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolRichard S Vetter, MSDepartment of EntomologyUniversity of California, RiversideSebastien Viatte, MD, PhDLecturer in GeneticsCentre for Genetics and Genomics Versus ArthritisThe University of Manchester, UKElliott P Vichinsky, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoG Wesley Vick, III, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSimone Vigod, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoMiikka Vikkula, MD, PhDProfessor of Human GeneticsLaboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve InstituteCatholic University of LouvainXavier Villa, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsPediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at Marshall UniversityPaolo Vitti, MDProfessorUniversity of Pisa, ItalyFrederick B Vivino, MD, MS, FACRDirector Emeritus, Penn Sjögren's Syndrome CenterProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicineNghia "Jack" Vo, MDProfessor of Radiology, Chief of Pediatric RadiologyMedical College of Wisconsin and Children's WisconsinPediatric Diagnostic and Vascular Interventional RadiologistJerry Vockley, MD, PhDCleveland Family Professor of Pediatric ResearchProfessor of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghBetty R Vohr, MDProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityL Erik von Hahn, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsTufts University School of MedicineHarish Vyas, DM, FRCP, FRCPCHProfessor in Paediatric Intensive Care and Respiratory MedicineUniversity Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, EnglandCarol A Waksmonski, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterGary A Walco, PhDProfessor of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics and PsychiatryUniversity of Washington School of MedicineEllen R Wald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthAmy T Waldman, MDAssistant Professor of Child NeurologyChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMichael Wall, MDProfessor of Neurology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineEric Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamAnne M Walling, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, Los AngelesManfred Wallner, MDDepartment of Internal Medicine IVSection of NephrologyKlinikum Wels-Grieskirchen - Wels, AustriaTheresa Walls, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaJolan Walter, MD, PhDRobert A Good Chair, Associate Professor, Pediatrics and MedicineDivision Chief, Pediatric Allergy/ImmunologyUniversity of South FloridaJohns Hopkins All Children's HospitalEdward Walton, MDClinical Professor, Emergency MedicineCentral Michigan University College of MedicineMark Waltzman, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRonald JA Wanders, PhDProfessor of Clinical Enzymology of Inborn Errors of MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamGeorge Sam Wang, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusChildren's Hospital ColoradoJulie Wang, MDProfessor of PediatricsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLisa L Wang, MDAssociate ProfessorPediatric Hematology and OncologyBaylor College of MedicineXia Wang, MD, PhDResearch AssociateAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBradley A Warady, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas CityMark A Ward, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRussell E Ware, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsDirector, Division of HematologyUniversity of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterJohn J Warren, DDS, MSProfessor of Preventive and Community DentistryUniversity of IowaLisa Warren, MDAssistant Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolAri J Wassner, MDMedical Director, Thyroid Center, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolWayne R Waz, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesDavid J Weber, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics and EpidemiologyUniversity of North Carolina Schools of Medicine and Public HealthDaniel S Wechsler, MD, PhDProfessor of Pediatrics & Director of Pediatric OncologyThomas R. Giddens ChairAflac Cancer & Blood Disorders CenterChildren's Healthcare of AtlantaEmory University School of MedicineDarcy K Weidemann, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas CityMiles Weinberger, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of IowaLauren Weinberger Conlon, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaDebra L Weiner, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRuth S Weinstock, MD, PhDDistinguished Service ProfessorSUNY Upstate Medical UniversityLeonard E Weisman, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineGünter Weiss, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and BiochemistryInnsbruck Medical UniversityPamela F Weiss, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDivision of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaRoy E Weiss, MD, PhDProfessor and ChairmanUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineScott L Weiss, MDAssociate Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and PediatricsThe Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of PennsylvaniaScott T Weiss, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura Weissman, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCarol Weitzman, MDProfessor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineRosanna Weksberg, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FCCMG, FACMGProfessorUniversity of Toronto Senior Associate ScientistThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenPeter F Weller, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Tropical MedicineWilliam Bosworth Castle Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthCorrine K Welt, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicinePatrick Y Wen, MDSection Editor — NeurooncologyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMark H Wener, MDSection Editor — Diagnostic Issues in RheumatologyProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Medicine/RheumatologyUniversity of WashingtonKatharine D Wenstrom, MDProfessor of Medical ScienceAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityPatrick West, MDClinical Instructor, Medical Toxicology FellowDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityStaff Physician, Department of Emergency MedicinePortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAmanda Whitaker, MDAssistant Professor-PracticeNationwide Children’s HospitalOrthopaedic SurgeryThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineDavid C Whitcomb, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pancreatic DiseasesProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineJulian White, AM, MB, BS, MD, FACTMProfessorThe University of AdelaideKlane White, MDChildren's Hospital of ColoradoProfessor, Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineTimothy J Wiegand, MD, FACMT, FAACT, DFASAMDirector of Medical Toxicology and Toxicology Consult ServiceAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineURMC and Strong Memorial HospitalConstance M Wiemann, PhDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHarold C Wiesenfeld, MD, CMProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineFredrick M Wigley, MDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineArek Wiktor, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryBurn, Trauma, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDuncan Wilcox, MDSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology, The Ponzio Family Chair in Pediatric UrologyUniversity of ColoradoAngus Wilfong, MDChief of NeurologyBarrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's HospitalProfessor, Child Health and Neurology, University of Arizona - PhoenixLaurie Wilkie, MD, MSDeputy Editor — PediatricsLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolShaina Willen, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineUC Davis Medical CenterEric A Williams, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKenneth H Wilson, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDeanne Wilson-Costello, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector of High Risk Follow-upRainbow Babies and Children's HospitalJohn R Wingard, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineHarland S Winter, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMerrill S Wise, MDPediatric Sleep Medicine SpecialistMid-South Pulmonary and Sleep SpecialistsSelma F Witchel, MDDirector, Pediatric Endocrinology, Fellowship Training Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChar Witmer, MD, MSCEClinical Associate Professor, Division of HematologyThe University of PennsylvaniaThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaKatherine H Wolpert, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineEric T Wong, MD, FANA, FAANProfessor of Neurology, Medicine, Neurosurgery & Radiation OncologyThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityRonald J Wong, BASenior Research Scientist, Department of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicineRobert A Wood, MDEditor-in-Chief — Allergy and ImmunologySection Editor — Pediatric AllergySection Editor — Pediatric AllergyProfessor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineCharles R Woods, MD, MSChair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee College of Medicine – ChattanoogaGeoff Woods, ChB, MB, MD, FRCP, FMedSciProfessor of Human GeneticsUniversity of CambridgeGeorge A Woodward, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJ Tim Wright, DDS, MSProfessor of Pediatric DentistryThe University of North CarolinaMichael J Wright, MBChB, MScConsultant in Clinical GeneticsNorthern Genetics ServiceNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustTeresa S Wright, MD, FAAD, FAAPAssociate Professor, Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterDivision Chief, Pediatric DermatologyLeBonheur Children's HospitalJulian K Wu, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryTufts University School of MedicineYvonne Wu, MD, MPHProfessor of Neurology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoStavra A Xanthakos, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineJoel Yager, MDSection Editor — Eating DisordersProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJanet YK Yang, MBBS, MRCPCHClinical FellowMcMaster UniversityAmber M Yates, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSylvia Yeh, MDProfessorDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarbor-UCLA Medical Center, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesJenny H Yiee, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, UrvineShan Yin, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati School of MedicineDivision of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's HospitalMedical Director, Cincinnati Drug and Poison Information CenterKimberly A Yonkers, MDKatz Family Endowed ChairProfessor and Chair of the Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial HealthcarePeter Yorgin, MDClinical Professor of Pediatric NephrologyRady Children's Hospital, University of California San DiegoG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaLisa R Young, MDProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineAlan S L Yu, MB, BChirHarry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterNikolaos Zacharias, MD, FACOGMaternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist and Director of Medical Education, Obstetrix Medical Group of HoustonMaternal-Fetal Medicine Consultant, Saint Joseph's Medical Center, HoustonClinical Associate Professor of Obstetrics/Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Houston College of MedicineKimon C Zachary, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrea L Zaenglein, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsPenn State/Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterCraig Zaidman, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisCraig H Zalvan, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellAdjunct Professor of Otolaryngology, New York Medical CollegeAdjunct Professor, Communications Disorders, Speech Pathology, Mercy CollegeJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineRobert Zeiser, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgChrista S Zerbe, MD, MSDirector, Clinical Patient Services Program Director, Infectious Disease FellowshipLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAIDYongdong Zhao, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorSeattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of MedicineNaamah Zitomersky, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolPediatric Gastroenterologist, IBD Center, Boston Children's HospitalHuda Y Zoghbi, MDProfessor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineFrancesco Zulian, MDChief, Pediatric Rheumatology UnitUniversity of Padua, ItalyBruce Zuraw, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoPeer ReviewersDavid H Adamkin, MDProfessor of PediatricsDirector of Neonatal MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleGladstone Airewele, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineDavid Askenazi, MD, MSPHProfessor of PediatricsDirector of the Pediatric and Infant Center for Acute NephrologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJuliana Austin, MD, MCRAssistant professorChildren's Hospital Los AngelesRobert D Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkSusan S Baker, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity at Buffalo, the State University of New YorkNicolas Bamat, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaLaurence S Baskin, MD, FAAPSection Editor — Pediatric UrologyFrank Hinman, Jr, MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric UrologyChief Pediatric UrologyProfessor of Urology and PediatricsUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalPaolo Beck-Peccoz, MDProfessor of EndocrinologyUniversity of Milan, ItalyJaime Belkind-Gerson, MD, MScDirector Neurogastroenterology and Motility ProgramDigestive Health InstituteChildren's Hospital ColoradoAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineStuart Berger, MDExecutive Director, Pediatric Heart Center at Lurie Children's HospitalVice Chair, Clinical Affairs Pediatrics at Lurie Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Northwestern UniversityElise DeVore Berlan, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of Medicine/Nationwide Children’s HospitalGregory S Blaschke, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsOregon Health & Science UniversityStan Block, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLinda S Book, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Utah School of MedicineJoseph G Borer, MD, FAAP, FACSAssociate Professor in Surgery (Urology)Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Bladder Exstrophy ProgramBoston Children's HospitalDirector of Neurourology and UrodynamicsBoston Children's HospitalRenée Boynton-Jarrett, MD, ScDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBoston University School of MedicineJohn S Bradley, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San DiegoMary L Brandt, MDProfessor of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of New OrleansRachel Brennan, MDAssistant Member, Solid Tumor Division, Department of OncologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalCora Collette Breuner, MD, MPH, FAAPProfessor Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine DivisionAdjunct Professor Orthopedics and Sports Medicine DepartmentSeattle Children’s HospitalPatrick D Brophy, MDProfessor and Head University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of PediatricsDavid W Brown, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolJames J Burns, MD, MPHClinical Professor of PediatricsFlorida State University College of MedicineBeth A Carter, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEdward R Carter, MDClinical Professor PediatricsUniversity of Arizona School of MedicineJanet R Casey, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of RochesterEugenia Chan, MD, MPHInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRV Paul Chan, MD, FACSProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesVice Chair, Global OphthalmologyDirector, Pediatric Retina and ROP ServiceIllinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at ChicagoClement Cheung, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Clinical PediatricsAssociate Director of Pediatric Endocrinology Fellowship ProgramThe Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismChildren's Hospital Los AngelesVincent Chiang, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSusan Coffin, MD, MPHProfessor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesUPENN School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaMichael S Cohen, MDInstructor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolPinchas Cohen, MDDean USC Davis School of GerontologyRichard B Colletti, MDProfessor of Pediatric GastroenterologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineEve Colson, MD, FAAPProfessor of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisC Buddy Creech, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesVanderbilt University School of MedicineAlisa Muniz Crim, MDSpecialist in Pediatric GastroenterologyMiami Children's HospitalAndrea T Cruz, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineStephen R Daniels, MD, PhD, FAHAProfessor and Chair, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineRobert A Darnall, MDProfessor of Molecular and Systems Biology and of PediatricsDartmouth Geisel School of MedicineKatherine M Dell, MDProfessor of PediatricsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicinePenelope H Dennehy, MDProfessor of PediatricsAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityPrasad Devarajan, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineDavid A Diamond, MDAssociate Professor of Surgery (Urology)Harvard Medical SchoolJennifer E Dietrich, MD, MScAssociate Professor Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAssociate Professor Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineNancy A Drucker, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric CardiologyLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontAnne M Dubin, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford School of MedicineChristopher Duggan, MD, MPHMeltzer Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionBoston Children's HospitalTeresa K Duryea, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnne Eglash, MDClinical Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthEric C Eichenwald, MDProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaFrancesco Emma, MDHead of the Nephrology and Urology DepartmentBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, ItalyCaraciolo J Fernandes, MDProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRobert J Ferry, Jr, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioAmy Fleischman, MD, MMScAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCraig E Fleishman, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineJamie E Flerlage, MD, MSAssistant Member, Department of OncologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalAnthony R Flores, MD, MPH, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics/Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston/McGovern Medical SchoolPatrick A Flume, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsMedical University of South CarolinaJoseph T Flynn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonVictor L Fox, MD, FAAP, FASGEAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolAaron Friedman, MDRuben-Bentson Chair and Professor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolYaacov Frishberg, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsShaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelJoseph A Garcia-Prats, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineKatharine C Garvey, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Geller, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Pediatrics USC Keck School of MedicineMichael K Georgieff, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Child DevelopmentUniversity of Minnesota School of MedicineDebbie S Gipson, MS, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganAllan M Goldstein, MD, FACSAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRicki F Goldstein, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineDaniel M Green, MDDepartment of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St. Jude Children's Research HospitalFrank R Greer, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, EmeritusUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseyMeral Gunay-Aygun, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Genetic MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineChristel M Haberland, DDS, MS, FAAPDAssociate Professor and Chair Department of Pediatric DentistryJames B Edwards College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaAmy B Hair, MDAssistant Professor, Director of Neonatal NutritionTexas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of MedicineChristopher J Harrison, MDProfessor of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases University of Missouri–Kansas CityC Mary Healy, MDAssociate ProfessorBaylor College of MedicinePaula J Adams Hillard, MDProfessor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineRebecca Hoban, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Paediatrics, University of TorontoDirector of Breastfeeding Medicine and Staff Neonatologist, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenCharlotte V Hobbs, MDProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious DiseasesChildren's of MississippiAlejandro Hoberman, MDDistinguished Service Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineIngrid Holm, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolKevin Horowitz, MDDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryNicklaus Children's HospitalEvelyn K Hsu, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle Children’s HospitalMark L Hudak, MDProfessor and Chairman of PediatricsUniversity of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FLKhalid Hussain, MDProfessor, Division Chief (Endocrinology), and Vice Chair for ResearchDepartment of Paediatric Medicine, Sidra Medical & Research CenterKensho Iwanaga, MD, MSAssistant Clinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoJ Herman Kan, MDChief of Musculoskeletal RadiologyTexas Children’s Hospital-RadiologyAssociate Professor of RadiologyJess L Kaplan, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRichard Kellermayer, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineNancy R Kelly, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, DallasAlex R Kemper, MD, MPH, MSProfessor of PediatricsNationwide Children's HospitalKathi J Kemper, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsOhio State University College of MedicineMargaret A Kenna, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard University School of MedicineStephan Kohlhoff, MDAssociate Professor, Pediatrics and MedicineDirector, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesSUNY DownstateJacqueline Kreutzer, MD, FACC, FSCAIAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineLori Laffel, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMarc Lande, MD, MPHProfessor, Pediatric NephrologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterOksana Lekarev, DOAssistant Professor of PediatricsWeill Cornell MedicineKevin V Lemley, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Southern California Keck School of MedicinePaul F Lewis, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsOregon Health and Science UniversityCarlos H Lifschitz, MDConsultantHospital Italiano, Buenos AiresRandall T Loder, MDChief of Orthopaedic SurgeryRiley Children’s Hospital, Indianapolis, INMaya Lodish, MD, MHScChief of the Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyUCSF Benioff Children's HospitalMartin I Lorin, MDSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineMark E Lowe, MD, PhDVice chair of clinical affairs and strategic planningDepartment of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineNaomi LC Luban, MDDepartments of Pediatrics and PathologyThe George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesJulie C Lumeng, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganNina Ma, MD, CCDVisiting Associate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineM Jeffrey Maisels, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineMichael H Malloy, MD, MS, FAAPProfessorUniversity of Texas Medical BranchRichard Martin, MDSection Editor — NeonatologyProfessor, Pediatrics, Reproductive Biology, and Physiology & BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineMaria R Mascarenhas, MBBSAssociate Professor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaKaran McBride Emerick, MD, MSCIDirector of the Liver Center, Connecticut Children's Medical CenterAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of MedicineCindy McEvoy, MD, MCRProfessor of PediatricsOregon Health & Science UniversityPatrick McNamara, MDProfessor of Paediatrics & Medicine, University of IowaStaff Neonatologist and Division Chief, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa CityHeather C Mefford, MD, PhDMember, Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease ResearchSt Jude Children's Research HospitalCraig Mellis, MD, MBBS, MPH, FRACPProfessorCentral Clinical School of the University of SydneyDiane F Merritt, MDProfessor Emerita of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisAnna H Messner, MDSection Editor — Pediatric OtolaryngologyProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineJennifer L Miller, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity of FloridaSteven P Miller, MDCM, MAS, FRCPCProfessor and Head, Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine University of British ColumbiaChief, Pediatric Medicine BC Children's Hospital & Sunny Hill Health CentreMohamad Miqdady, MDAdjunct FacultyCleveland Clinic FoundationSanghamitra M Misra, MD, MEdSection Editor — General PediatricsProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineRoshanak Monzavi, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical PediatricsChildren's Hospital Los AngelesChristopher J Moran, MDInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRichard B Moss, MDProfessor of PediatricsStanford UniversityFlor M Munoz, MD, MScAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineJoshua P Needleman, MDDivision of Pediatric PulmonologyMaimonides Medical CenterDaniel E Neely, MDAssociate ProfessorIndiana University School of MedicineCaleb P Nelson, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJosef Neu, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of FloridaPeter A Nigrovic, MDPrince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalKenneth W Norwood, MDProfessor of EmeritusUniversity of VirginiaPearay L Ogra, MDProfessor of PediatricsState University of New York at BuffaloRobin Ohls, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of UtahProfessor Emerita of PediatricsUniversity of New MexicoOluyinka O Olutoye, MDSurgeon-in-Chief, Nationwide Children's HospitalE. Thomas Boles Professor of Pediatric Surgery, The Ohio State UniversityHoward B Panitch, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania Pearlman School of MedicineJanak A Patel, MDProfessorUniversity of Texas Medical BranchSassan Pazirandeh, MDDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKaiser Permanente Medical CenterPhillip L Pearl, MDWilliam G. Lennox Chair and Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBobbi Philipp, MD, FAAP, FABMAssociate Professor of PediatricsBoston University School of MedicineElyse Pine, MDVoluntary Assistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of MarylandLesley Rees, MD, FRCPCHEmeritus Professor of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, University College London, UKHonorary Consultant Paediatric Nephrologist, Great Ormond Street HospitalDeborah L Renaud, MDNeurometabolic Clinic and Leukodystrophy ProgramCo-director, Mayo Clinic Peroxisomal Disorders ProgramConsultant and Associate ProfessorDivision of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Mayo ClinicSteven Ringer, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsGeisel School of MedicineLeonel A Rodriguez, MD, MSSection Chief, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Director, Gastroenterology Procedure Program Director, Gastrointestinal Motility and Functional Disorders Program Associate Professor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineJosé R Romero, MD, FAAP, FIDSA, FPIDS, FAAASDirector, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory VirusesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNorman D Rosenblum, MD, FRCPProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoGary J Russell, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolSabina Sabharwal, MD, MPHInstructor in PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRonald C Samuels, MD, MPHAssociate Chief for Complex CareMedical Director LINCS Complex Care ProgramThe Children's Hospital at MontefioreDivision of Academic General PediatricsHarvey B Sarnat, MD, FRCPCProfessor of Pediatrics, Pathology (Neuropathology), and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CalgarySusan A Scherl, MDProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaSarah Schlegel, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineGeorg Schmölzer, MD, PhDHeart and Stroke Foundation of CanadaProfessor of Neonatal Resuscitation, University of AlbertaKathleen Schwarz, MDProfessor of Pediatrics EmeritaJohns Hopkins Pediatric Liver CenterSamir S Shah, MD, MSCEProfessor, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineEugene D Shapiro, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Public Health and Investigative MedicineYale University School of MedicineJack K Sharp, MDClinical Associate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children’s Hospital - The WoodlandsSarah Shrager Lusman, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsColumbia University Medical CenterGeorge K Siberry, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine and Pediatric Infectious DiseasesThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineJoseph A Skelton, MD, MSProfessor of Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineDirector, Brenner FIT (Families in Training) ProgramBrenner Children's HospitalYolanda R Smith, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of MichiganWilliam E Smoyer, MD, FASNC. Robert Kidder Chair, Vice President, Clinical and Translational ResearchDirector, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, The Ohio State UniversityMartha Sola-Visner, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBoston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolMichael J Somers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolTakara Stanley, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolPediatric Endocrinologist, Massachusetts General HospitalAnn R Stark, MDProfessor in Residence of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector of Faculty Development, Department of NeonatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterKevin A Strauss, MDMedical DirectorClinic for Special ChildrenRosalyn Sulyanto, DMD, MSInstructor in Developmental BiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineAssociate in Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children’s HospitalAngela Sun, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattle Children's HospitalTina Q Tan, MDProfessor of PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineGregory E Tasian, MD. MSc, MSCEAssistant Professor of Urology and EpidemiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineDivision of Urology and Center for Pediatric Clinical EffectivenessThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaSarah N Taylor, MD, MSCRAssociate Professor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineIndi Trehan, MD, MPH, DTM&HAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Global Health, and EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonNidhy Paulose Varghese, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary MedicineBaylor College of MedicineBetty R Vohr, MDProfessor of PediatricsWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityEllen R Wald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthKelly Walkovich, MDAssociate Professor Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of MichiganGrace Z Wang, MDAttending PhysicianChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaZoon Wangu, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics UMass Medical School and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases & ImmunologyUMass Memorial Children's Medical CenterClinical FacultyRatelle STD/HIV Prevention Training CenterMassachusetts Department of Public HealthBradley A Warady, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas CityAri J Wassner, MDMedical Director, Thyroid Center, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolCarol Weitzman, MDProfessor of PediatricsYale School of MedicineNeil H White, MDProfessor of Pediatrics Washington University in St. Louis School of MedicineJoseph I Wolfsdorf, MD, BChSection Editor — Pediatric EndocrinologyProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolYvette Yatchmink, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics (Clinical)The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversitySylvia Yeh, MDProfessorDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarbor-UCLA Medical Center, Pediatric Infectious DiseasesLisa R Young, MDProfessor of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania

CloseAuthors and Editors in Primary Care (Adult)Authors and Editors in Primary Care (Adult)Editors-in-ChiefMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLADeputy EditorsJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Section EditorsMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSteven J Atlas, MD, MPHSection Editor — Spinal disease and back painAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew D Auerbach, MD, MPHSection Editor - Hospital MedicineProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoMichael R DeBaun, MD, MPHSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineDaniel G Deschler, MD, FACSSection Editor — OtorhinolaryngologyProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAMason W Freeman, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew F Gardiner, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolGordon Guyatt, MDSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MedicineMcMaster UniversityDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolHasmeena Kathuria, MDSection Editor — Tobacco Dependence TreatmentAssociate Professor of MedicineThe Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of MedicineWilliam J McKenna, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseEmeritus Professor of CardiologyUniversity College, LondonMichael P O'Leary, MD, MPHSection Editor — UrologyProfessor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Urologic Surgeon, Brigham and Women's HospitalF Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD, MPHSection Editor — ObesityProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsBenjamin A Raby, MD, MPHSection Editor — GeneticsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Rind, MDSection Editor — General MedicineChief Medical OfficerInstitute for Clinical and Economic ReviewAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolKenneth E Schmader, MDSection Editor — GeriatricsEditor in Chief — Geriatric MedicineChief, Division of GeriatricsDuke UniversityDirector, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CentersThomas L Schwenk, MDSection Editor — PsychiatryDean EmeritusUniversity of Nevada, Reno School of MedicineDavid Seres, MDSection Editor — NutritionDirector of Medical NutritionProfessor of Medicine in the Institute for Human NutritionColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsAnne Slavotinek, MBBS, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterLouise Wilkins-Haug, MD, PhDSection Editor — Prenatal Diagnosis and GeneticsProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolEditorial AssistantsAva Garcia, BAContent EditorAuthorsSumaira Z Aasi, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineEddie K Abdalla, MD, FACSMedical Director, Liver and Pancreas ProgramNorthside Hospital Cancer InstituteSalahadin Abdi, MD, PhDProfessor [Tenured] and Chair, Department of Pain MedicineHelen Buchanan & Stanley Joseph Seeger Endowed Research ProfessorThe University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterJudith A Aberg, MDChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesGeorge Baehr Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDiane Abraczinskas, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBenjamin Abramoff, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJonathan Abramowitz, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillKathryn E Ackerman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Ackerman, MD, PhDWindland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research ProfessorProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and PharmacologyDirector of the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics LaboratoryMayo ClinicSandra G Adams, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care MedicineNezam H Afdhal, MD, FRCPIChief of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterKathryn Agarwal, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineRajiv Agarwal, MDProfessor of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineRohit Aggarwal, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of PittsburghRabia Agha, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineMaryam Rafael Aghalar, DOAttending PhysicianNassau University Medical CenterMarc Agronin, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineAmy M Ahasic, MD, MPH, FCCP, ATSFChief, Section of Pulmonary and Critical CareNorwalk Hospital, Western Connecticut Health NetworkBaseer Ahmad, MDDepartment of OphthalmologyMedical College of WisconsinAzeemuddin Ahmed, MD, MBAClinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineEbtesam Ahmed, PharmD, MSClinical Professor, St. John's University College of PharmacyClinical Pharmacy Specialist, Innovative Institute for Palliative CareWei Ai, MD, PhDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoCem Akin, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine University of MichiganJana Al Hashash, MD, MSc, FACGAssociate Professor of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Mayo ClinicMary A Albrecht, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAntoin Alexander, MDDavid Grant Medical CenterTravis Air Force Base, CaliforniaFamily Medicine Residency ProgramMichael Alexander, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolThomas Alexander, MDHead, KMCH Heart Institute, Kovai Medical Center and HospitalIrene Alexandraki, MD, MPHSGIM Peer ReviewerSenior Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine - PhoenixHaya M Al-Fozan, MDAssociate Professor, Infertility and Reproductive EndocrinologyKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesPatrick C Alguire, MD, FACPSenior Vice President Emeritus for Medical EducationAmerican College of PhysiciansLarry Allen, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA, FHFSAProfessor of MedicineMedical Director, Advanced Heart Failure and TransplantationUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineRebecca H Allen, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of OB/GYN and Medical Science Section of Medical EducationWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityMaha Ali Al-Mohaya, BDS, MS, DMSc, DABOMChairman of Oral Medicine and Special Care DentistryDental Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical CitySaudi ArabiaPino Alonso, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorUniversity of BarcelonaEric Alper, MDProfessor of MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolJoseph S Alpert, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences CenterJonia Alshiek, MD, MScResearch scholar, Urogynecology subspecialistINOVA Health SystemJohn Alsobrook, MDCommunity Health & Family MedicineUniversity of FloridaHarrison Alter, MD, MS, FACEPAttending PhysicianHighland Hospital – Alameda Health System, Oakland, CaliforniaClinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoAnthony A Amato, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMilan Amin, MDProfessor of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryNew York University School of MedicineSepideh Amin-Hanjani, MDClinical Professor of Neurological SurgeryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineMallika Anand, MD, MSInstructor, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School.Bradley D Anawalt, MDChief of Medicine, University of Washington Medical CenterProfessor and Vice Chair of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher D Anderson, MD, FACSJames D. Hardy Professor and Chair, Department of SurgeryChief, Transplant and Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterKarl E Anderson, MD, FACPProfessorThe University of Texas Medical BranchDanielle M Andrade, MD, MSc, FRCPC.Professor of NeurologyDirector, Epilepsy Genetics ProgramUniversity of TorontoMark P Androes, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineEmanuele Angelucci, MDHead, Hematology and Transplant UnitIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, GenovaStephen M Ansell, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyMayo ClinicHugo J Aparicio, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineMichael Apicella, MDEmeritus Professor of Microbiology and Internal MedicineThe University of IowaCaroline Apovian, MDMember of the Faculty, Harvard Medical SchoolCo-Director, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's HospitalLawrence J Appel, MD, MPHC. David Molina Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBrian S Appleby, MDDirector, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterAndrea J Apter, MD, MSc, MAProfessor of MedicineSection of Allergy & Immunology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDonna L Arand, PhDResearch Associate ProfessorWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineSary Aranki, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolApril W Armstrong, MD, MPHAssociate Dean for Clinical ResearchProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaCheryl A Armstrong, MDProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDavid G Armstrong, DPM, MD, PhDProfessor of Surgery and DirectorSouthwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA)Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaJ Todd Arnedt, PhDProfessor, Departments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMichigan Medicine, University of MichiganAndrew Arnold, MDMurray-Heilig Professor of Molecular MedicineUniversity of ConnecticutDonald M Arnold, MD, MScAssociate Professor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityCanadian Blood ServicesStephanie J Arnold, FACD, MBBS (Hons), BSc (Hons)Consultant DermatologistChurchill Hospital Department of Dermatology, OxfordJulian M Aroesty, MDClinical Associate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSanjeev Arora, MD, MACP, FACGDistinguished Professor of MedicineDirector, Project EchoUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineVineet Arora, MD, MAPPProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoAdelaide M Arruda-Olson, MD, PhD, FASE, FAHA, FAMIAAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRaul Artal, MD, FACOG, FACSMProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's HealthSaint Louis UniversityRiccardo Asero, MDFreelance doctorHead Ambulatorio di AllergologiaClinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano (MI), ItalyProfessore a ContrattoAllergologia e Immunologia Clinica, University of MilanMaryam Asgari, MD, MPHProfessor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolRussell L Ashinoff, MD, FACSPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterDirectorThe Center for Lymphedema Surgery at the Institute for Advanced ReconstructionAssistant ProfessorSeton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of MedicineStanley W Ashley, MDSection Editor — Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBrigham and Women’s HospitalFrank Sawyer Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew W Asimos, MDAdjunct Associate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineReza Askari, MD, FACSInstructor in SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Trauma DirectorBrigham and Women’s HospitalJ. Wells Askew, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineChad A Asplund, MD, MPH, FAMSSMSection Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related InjuriesAssociate Professor, Family Medicine and OrthopedicsMayo Clinic, Sports MedicineMinneapolis, MNSawsan As-Sanie, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and GynecologyCo-Director, GynecologyDirector, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery and FellowshipDirector, Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain Consultative ClinicUniversity of MichiganJon C Aster, MD, PhDProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolShireen Atabaki, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Medical Director, TelemedicineProfessor of Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Children's National HospitalEhab Atallah, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyMedical College of Wisconsin and Froedtert HospitalMichael B Atkins, MDSection Editor — Malignant Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Neoplasms; Cancer of the KidneyDeputy DirectorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohn P Atkinson, MDSamuel B Grant Professor of MedicineProfessor of Molecular MicrobiologyDivision of RheumatologyWashington University School of MedicineJohn Attia, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FRACPProfessor of General Medicine and Clinical EpidemiologyUniversity of NewcastleRichard J Auchus, MD, PhDProfessor of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and DiabetesUniversity of MichiganMichael Auerbach, MD, FACPSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveClinical Professor of MedicineGeorgetown University School of MedicinePaul G Auwaerter, MD, MBA, FIDSASherrilyn and Ken Fisher Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDavid Avery, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineEric Awtry, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineJohn S Axford, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHSection Editor — SclerodermaEmeritus Professor of RheumatologySt George's University of LondonRabih R Azar, MD, MPH, FACCProfessor of MedicineSt. Joseph University School of MedicineSteven J Baccei, MDAssociate Professor, Musculoskeletal Imaging and InterventionVice-Chair of Radiology Quality, Patient Safety, and Process ImprovementSection Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention Associate Chief Medical Officer, UMass Memorial Medical CenterDepartment of Radiology UMass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolMichael C Bachman, MD, MBADepartment of Pediatric Emergency MedicineSunrise Children's HospitalGloria Bachmann, MD, MMSProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRichard G Bachur, MDSection Editor — Pediatric TraumaProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlos A Bacino, MD, FACMGProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineSudie E Back, PhDProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaPhilippe Backeljauw, MDProfessor of Clinical PediatricsCincinnati Center for Growth DisordersCincinnati Center for Pediatric & Adult Turner Syndrome CareCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterBruce R Bacon, MDEmeritus Professor of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineLarry M Baddour, MD, FIDSA, FAHAProfessor Emeritus of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineSunil V Badve, MD, PhDConjoint Professor of MedicineThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaTravis P Baggett, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJasmohan S Bajaj, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical CenterJoshua F Baker, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Rheumatology and EpidemiologyCorporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaSteven K Baker, MSc, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine Neuromuscular Disease ClinicFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityJohan S Bakken, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, School of MedicineUniversity of Minnesota, DuluthJamie N Bakkum-Gamez, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaGeorge L Bakris, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of MedicineThe University of ChicagoAshok Balasubramanyam, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology & MetabolismBaylor College of MedicineElizabeth H Baldini, MD, MPH, FASTROSection Editor — Bone and Soft Tissue TumorsProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert Baldor, MDProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolDavid Baldwin, MA, DM FRCPsychProfessor of Psychiatry and Section Head, Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Southampton Faculty of MedicineEthan Balk, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorBrown University School of Public HealthRonald C Balkissoon, MDPulmonary Consultant, Department of MedicineNational Jewish HealthMark Ballow, MDProfessor of PediatricsAll Children's HospitalUniversity of South Florida School of MedicineAmy Banks, MDFounding MemberThe International Center for Growth in ConnectionBenjamin Barankin, MD, FRCPCDermatologist, Medical Director Toronto Dermatology Centre, Toronto, CanadaRobert L Barbieri, MDEditor-in-Chief — Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's HealthSection Editor — General Gynecology and Female Reproductive EndocrinologyBWH Chair Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKate Macy Ladd Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilma Barcellini, MDSection Editor — Red cell disordersProfessor of HematologyOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, ItalyKathleen C Barnes, PhDDirector, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine; Head, Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine DivisionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicinePeter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRSEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, LondonSheila Barnett, MDAssociate Professor of AnesthesiaHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Baron, MSEd, DO, DFAPAProvost and Senior Vice PresidentWestern University of Health Sciences Emeritus Professor, Keck University of USCFrederick E Barr, MD, MBAExecutive Vice PresidentChief Clinical and Academic OfficerArkansas Children's HospitalUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesNora A Barrett, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGlen W Barrisford, MD, MS, MPH, FACSDirector of Urologic OncologyKaiser PermanenteSanta Rosa Medical CenterJason JS Barton, MD, PhD, FRCPCProfessor and Canada Research ChairMedicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology, and Visual SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaDeborah A Bartz, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalMargaret C Bash, MD, MPHLaboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides OVRR, CBER US Food and Drug AdministrationJan Basile, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRalph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRebecca Bassett, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineTracy Batchelor, MD, MPHMiriam Sydney Joseph Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCarol K Bates, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKristine E BatesPatient Perspective Author – Chronic urticariaPriya Batra, MDAttending physicianMt. Sinai HospitalKenneth A Bauer, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolStephen G Baum, MDDistinguished Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, & ImmunologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineJeroen J Bax, MD, PhDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of CardiologyLeiden University Medical Center, The NetherlandsCarolyn B Becker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolTheresa Becker, DOAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director, Pediatric Programs Lahey BeverlyExecutive Network DirectorDivision of Emergency MedicineWilliam C Becker, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineYale School of MedicineRichard H Beigi, MD, MScProfessor of Reproductive SciencesUPMC Magee Womens HospitalRodney D Bell, MDProfessor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeAnthony J Bella, MD, FRCSCAssistant Professor of Urology and Associate Scientist, NeuroscienceEndowed Chair in Men's Health ResearchGreta and John Hansen Chair in Men's Health ResearchUniversity of OttawaJohn F Beltrame, BSc, BMBS, FRACP, PhD, FESC, FACC, FCSANZMichell Professor of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Discipline of MedicineThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital CampusEldad Ben-Chetrit, MDProfessor of MedicineHadassah-Hebrew University Medical SchoolDavid Benditt, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector, Cardiac Arrhythmia CenterUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolDavid Benedek, MDProfessor and ChairUniformed Services University School of MedicineNoleen Bennett, PhD, MPHAssociate ProfessorInfection Control ConsultantVICNISS Coordinating Centre/National Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipPeter Doherty Institute for Infections and ImmunityMelbourne School of Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneEdward J Benz, Jr, MDRichard and Susan Smith Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan S Berek, MD, MMSLaurie Kraus Lacob ProfessorStanford University School of MedicineFellow, Stanford Distinguished Careers InstituteDirector, Stanford Women's Cancer CenterSenior Advisor, Stanford Cancer InstituteJames R Berenson, MDMedical and Scientific DirectorInstitute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer ResearchSigbjørn Berentsen, MD, PhDConsultant HematologistDepartment of Research and InnovationHaugesund HospitalEmily Bergsland, MDProfessor of Medicine University of California San FranciscoSten-Erik Bergström, MDDoctor of MedicineChildren's Hospital Astrid LindgrenKarolinska University Hospital, StockholmDavid J Berkoff, MD, FAAEM, CAQSMVice Chair of Clinical OperationsProfessor of Orthopedics and Emergency MedicineAdjunct Professor, Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of North Carolina Chapel HillLori R Berkowitz, MD, MBAAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNancy Berliner, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolH Franklin Bunn Professor of Hematology and Chief, Division of Hematology Brigham and Women's HospitalDan Berlowitz, MD, MPHProfessorUniversity of Massachusetts-Lowell Department of Public HealthBrian Berman, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus, Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineBonnie L Bermas, MDProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterJeffrey S Berns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaDavid I Bernstein, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineJesse L Berry, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Clinical ScholarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaSarah Berry, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaniel Bessesen, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineThomas M Best, MD, PhD, FACSMProfessor, U of Miami Miller School of MedicineJoseph R Betancourt, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnthony Beutler, MDAssociate Medical Director and Program Director, Sports MedicineIntermountain Healthcare, Provo, UTProfessor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University, Bethesda, MDSalman Bhai, MDDirectorNeuromuscular CenterInstitute for Exercise and Environmental MedicineAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterAsha B Bhalwal, MD, FACOG, MRCOGAssistant ProfessorFellowship Co-Director, Advanced Minimally Invasive Gynecologic SurgeryObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesMcGovern Medical School at UTHealthNeal Bhatia, MDDirector of Clinical DermatologyTherapeutics Clinical ResearchNeil Bhattacharyya, MD, FACSProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyMassachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolJaclyn A Biegel, PhDProfessor of PathologyUSC Keck School of MedicineDon C Bienfang, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie G Biesecker, MDFellow, American Academy of Pediatrics Fellow, American College of Medical Genetics and GenomicsDistinguished Investigator, National Human Genome Research Institute (NIH)Ingrid Binswanger, MD, MSSenior Investigator, Kaiser Permanente ColoradoAssociate Professor, University of Colorado School of MedicineShawn J Bird, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineRobert J Birnbaum, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJohn D Bisognano, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine and CardiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterDonald W Black, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineStaff psychiatristIowa City Veterans HospitalJames H Black, III, MDChief of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyJohns Hopkins HospitalRobert D Blank, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinPhilip E Blazar, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolRonald Bleday, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolNikolas H Blevins, MDAssociate ProfessorStanford University Medical CenterAnthony Bleyer, MD, MSProfessor of Internal Medicine/NephrologyWake Forest University School of MedicineDonald B Bloch, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Bloch, MD, FACP, FASH, FSVM, FNLAAssociate Professor, University of Nevada School of MedicineMedical Director, Vascular Care, Renown Regional Medical CenterJosh Bloom, MD, MPHClinical Instructor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJim G Blount, MD, CAQSMAdjunct Clinical Professor, Departments of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillPaul D Blumenthal, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector, Family Planning Services and Research Stanford University Medical CenterSharon L Bober, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam V Bobo, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryMayo College of MedicineCecilia and Dan Carmichael Family Associate Director for the Center for Individualized Medicine in FloridaBlake Reid Boggess, DO, FAAFPProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryDuke Sports Medicine Team PhysicianDuke University Medical CenterJean L Bolognia, MDProfessor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineRobert Bona, MDProfessor of Medicine (Hematology)Yale University School of MedicinePeter A L Bonis, MDChief Medical Officer of Clinical Effectiveness (UpToDate, Clinical Drug Information, and Emmi Solutions)Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAdjunct Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichael H Bonnet, PhDProfessor, Department of NeurologyWright State University Boonshoft School of MedicineLaura Boone, MSPatient Perspective Author – Celiac diseaseDavid H Bor, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBryan Bordeaux, DO, MPHClinical Instructor in Ambulatory Care and PreventionHarvard Medical SchoolLiliana Bordeianou, MD, MPHProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJoelle C Borhart, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineGeorgetown UniversityBarry A Borlaug, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineSusan E Boruchoff, MDProfessor of MedicineRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolJoan Bothner, MDProfessor Emeritus, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineKathy Boutis, MD, FRCPC, FAAP, MScSection Editor – Pediatric TraumaProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoKraig S Bower, MDAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins UniversityDirector of Refractive Surgery, Wilmer Eye InstituteJoshua A Boyce, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCynthia M Boyd, MD, MPHProfessor Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins Department of MedicineJennifer Boyle, MDClinical Instructor, Harvard Medical SchoolObstetrician-Gynecologist at Massachusetts General HospitalDeborah Y Bradshaw, MDResidency Program DirectorDepartment of NeurologyUpstate Medical UniversityKathleen Brady, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryMedical University of South CarolinaJohn C Brancato, MD, FAAP, FACEPAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineDivision Head, Emergency MedicineConnecticut Children's Medical CenterWilliam T Branch, Jr, MDCarter Smith Senior Professor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineWilliam O Brant, MD, FACS, FECSMVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UTLynne T Braun, PhD, RN, CNPUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberProfessor of NursingRush University College of NursingGlenn D Braunstein, MDProfessor of Medicine Emeritus, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAJames Bray, MDHead Team Physician, University of Texas AthleticsAffiliate Faculty in the Department of Population Health, Dell Medical SchoolJeffrey A Breall, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineElizabeth Breen, MDStaff Surgeon, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterWilliam Breitbart, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityChairmanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterDaniel C Brennan, MD, FACPEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Kidney TransplantationProfessor of MedicineMedical Director and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of NephrologyJohns Hopkins Medical SchoolFred H Brennan, Jr, DO, FAOASM, FAAFP, FACSM, FAMSSMAssociate Director, Turley Family Medicine Residency Program, Clearwater, FloridaAssistant Program Director, Turley/University of South Florida Sports Medicine Fellowship Associate Professor, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Family MedicineJerry D Brewer, MD, MS, FAADProfessor of DermatologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineSylvia Brice, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado Denver, School of MedicineHannah R Briemberg, MD, FRCPCClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaKnut Brockow, MDProfessor of MedicineTechnical University of Munich Medical SchoolRobert A Brodsky, MDSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Medicine and OncologyJohns Hopkins UniversityMark B Bromberg, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyDepartment of Neurology, University of UtahRobert D Brook, MDProfessor of MedicineWayne State UniversityDavid C Brooks, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolGabriel P Brooks, PT, DPT, SCS, MTCDirector of Program Development360 Physical TherapyFlorence M Brown, MDSenior Staff Physician Joslin Diabetes CenterCo-Director Joslin and Beth Israel Deaconess Diabetes in Pregnancy ProgramAssistant Professor Harvard Medical SchoolCalvin A Brown, III, MD, FAAEMAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert S Brown, Jr, MD, MPHSection Editor — Liver TransplantationVincent Astor Distinguished Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeJean M Bruch, DMD, MDChief, OtolaryngologyDepartment of Veterans AffairsMedical CenterEduardo Bruera, MDSection Editor — Non Pain Symptoms: Assessment and ManagementProfessor of OncologyUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center at HoustonCarlo Brugnara, MDProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolGeorge AW Bruyn, MD, PhDDepartment of RheumatologyMC Groep hospitals, Lelystad, the NetherlandsAllison Bryant, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolRichard Bryant, PhDProfessor of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesRobert W Buchanan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineRachelle Buchbinder, MBBS, MSc, PhD, FRACPRheumatologist and Director, Monash Department of Clinical EpidemiologyCabrini HospitalProfessor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityEric Bui, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Caen NormandyHenry B Burch, MDProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMarissa Burgermaster, PhD, MA, MAEdAssistant ProfessorNutritional Sciences and Population HealthUniversity of Texas at Austin and Dell Medical SchoolRonald T Burkman, MDProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts University School of MedicineBaystate Medical CenterSpringfield, MassachusettsKenneth D Burman, MDChief, Endocrine SectionMedstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DCProfessor, Department of MedicineGeorgetown University Medical CenterAllison E Burnett, PharmD, PhC, CACPAntithrombosis Stewardship PharmacistUniversity of New Mexico HospitalClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of New Mexico College of PharmacyDavid L Burns, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBrenda Bursch, PhDProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, and PediatricsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAHarold J Burstein, MD, PhDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolNicholas BuSaba, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of OtolaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolStephanie S Buss, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolManish J Butte, MD, PhDProfessor and Division ChiefDivision of Immunology, Allergy, and RheumatologyDepartments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, Los AngelesThomas W ButtelPatient Perspective Author – Knee osteoarthritisAntonio C Buzaid, MDGeneral Medical Director, Centro Oncologico Antonio Ermirio de Moraes, Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, BrazilLauren A Byers, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterPeter H Byers, MDProfessor Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyProfessor Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics)University of WashingtonSeattle, WAAlexander Bystritsky, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDirector, Anxiety Disorder Program and Targeted Brain Stimulation ProgramSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesJohn S Cacciola, PhDAdjunct Professor of Psychology in PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaEnrico Cagliero, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine N Cahill, MD, FAAAAIAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt UniversityMichael S Calderwood, MD, MPHChief Quality OfficerDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLisa R Callahan, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineCornell University Medical CollegeDavid J Callans, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineClara Camaschella, MDFormer Professor of Internal MedicineVita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific InstituteE Cabrina Campbell, MDProfessor of PsychiatryVice Chair of Education, Director, Residency ProgramPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterJudith R Campbell, MDProfessor of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesBaylor College of MedicineAmy Cannella, MD, MS, RhMSUSProfessor of Internal MedicineRheumatology Fellowship Program DirectorUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterChase Cannon, MD, MPHActing Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of WashingtonCo-Director, Public Health – Seattle & King County Sexual Health ClinicJuan J Canoso, MD, MACRABC Medical Center, México City, MexicoAdjunct Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MALouis R Caplan, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDennis A Cardone, DOAssociate Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryChief, Division of Primary Care Sports MedicineNYU Langone Medical CenterKaren J Carlson, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolStanley N Caroff, MDProfessor of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaCpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical CenterDavid Carr, MDProfessor of Medicine and NeurologyWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisShamus R Carr, MD, FACSThoracic Surgeon and Research PhysicianBethesda, MDTara F Carr, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor, Medicine and OtolaryngologyDepartment of Medicine, University of ArizonaJ Emilio Carrillo, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityClinical Associate Professor, Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNina M Carroll, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolDaniela A Carusi, MD, MScAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Cary, PhD, RNAssociate Professor of NursingDuke UniversityDouglas J Casa, PhD, ATC, FNAK, FACSM, FNATAChief Executive Officer, Korey Stringer InstituteProfessor, Department of KinesiologyCollege of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of ConnecticutA Lee Cashman, RN, CWONWound and Ostomy NurseBaptist MD Anderson Cancer CenterRobert F Casper, MDProfessor, Division of Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Toronto, CanadaSenior InvestigatorLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMariana C Castells, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew A Cavender, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Medicine University of North Carolina - Chapel HillJuan C Celedón, MD, DrPHNiels K. Jerne Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Medicine and Human GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh Division ChiefPediatric Pulmonary MedicineUPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghDavid Cella, PhDProfessorFeinberg School at Northwestern UniversityMichelle S Cespedes, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMariam R Chacko, MDDistinguished Professor EmeritusDepartments of Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics & GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineStephen T Chambers, MB ChB, MSc, MD, FRACPProfessor, Department of PathologyUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchAnnie On On Chan, MDDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongRaymond Chan, RN, PhDDirector and Professor of Cancer Nursing, Caring Futures InstituteCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders UniversitySwathy Chandrashekhar, MDNeuromuscular Medicine FellowUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterEric I Chang, MD, FACSClinical Associate ProfessorDepartment of SurgeryDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryHackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall UniversityPlastic and Reconstructive SurgeonThe Institute for Advanced Reconstruction at The Plastic Surgery CenterJeffrey Chang, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of California, San DiegoVictor T Chang, MDProfessor of Medicine,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School,VA New Jersey Health Care SystemJennifer Chapman, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityPanithaya Chareonthaitawee, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMaureen Chase, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSuneet P Chauhan, MD, Hon DScPrincipal Investigator, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Professor, McGovern Medical School at UTHealthAdjunct Professor, Bioengineering Department, Rice UniversityAdam S Cheifetz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine T Chen, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceProfessor of Medical EducationIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiLee-may Chen, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive SciencesDivision of Gynecologic OncologyUCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterPeijun Chen, MD, MPH, PhDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineStaff Geriatric Psychiatrist, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System Cleveland VA Medical CenterWendy Y Chen, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHeather H Cheng, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington Associate Professor, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterDaniel Chernoff, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of RadiologyAlbany Medical CenterAlfred K Cheung, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSanjiv Chopra, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — General Hepatology; Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSenior Consultant in Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Marshall Wolf Master Clinician EducatorBrigham and Women's HospitalTushar A Chopra, MDAssistant Professor Of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemVineet Chopra, MD, MScRobert W. Schrier Chair of MedicineProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJoseph Chorley, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent Sports MedicineAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineKelvin L Chou, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of Neurology and NeurosurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolRoger Chou, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityAnthony W Chow, MD, FRCPC, FACPProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaYujuan Choy, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry (volunteer faculty)University of California, IrvineApril Christensen, MD, MSMayo ClinicKurt Christensen, MPH, PhDHarvard Pilgrim Health Care InstituteStephanie Christenson, MD, MASAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoChia-Yu Chu, MD, PhDProfessor, Department of DermatologyNational Taiwan University HospitalVivian H Chu, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterKathy Chuang, MDInstructor in Neurology and Neuromuscular MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCo-directorMGH Paralysis ProgramChief, Neuromuscular RehabilitationMassachusetts General HospitalAntonio A T Chuh, MD, FRCP, FRCPCHAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorJC School of Public HealthThe Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Prince of Wales Hospital Hong KongDaniel C Chung, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJay P Ciezki, MDStaff Physician Cleveland Clinic Department of Radiation OncologyPaul M Cinciripini, PhDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterMark C Clark, MD, FAAEM, FAAP, FACEPClinical Associate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJustin A Classie, MDMedical Director of Sports MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian/QueensAssistant Professor of Clinical Orthopaedic SurgeryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityJ Quentin Clemens, MD, FACS, MSCIProfessor of UrologyDirector, Division of Neurourology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterMeredith Clement, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistAssistant ProfessorLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansGilles Clermont, MDCM, MScProfessorDepartment of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDavid B Clifford, MDMelba and Forest Seay Professor of Clinical Neuropharmacology in NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisJames R Clugston, MD, MS, FAMSSMAssociate ProfessorDepartments of Community Health and Family Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineThomas D Coates, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and PathologyUniversity of Southern California School of MedicineLinda Cocchiarella, MD, MScNew York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse ServicesM Justin Coffey, MDChair, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral HealthGeisinger Health SystemPhillip Coffin, MD, MIADirector of Substance Use ResearchCenter for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public HealthAdi Cohen, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterHarvey Jay Cohen, MDDirector, Center for the Study of AgingWalter Kempner Professor of MedicineChair Emeritus, Department of MedicineDuke UniversityJoanna Cohen, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineJordana Cohen, MD, MSCEAssistant Professor of Medicine and EpidemiologyRenal-Electrolyte and Hypertension DivisionCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaMark L Cohen, MDCo-Director, National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineProfessor of Pathology & NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterMyron S Cohen, MDProfessor of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology and Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillPieter Cohen, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolSteven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHMProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineGraham A Colditz, MD, DrPHNiess-Gain Professor in MedicineWashington University School of MedicineCathleen Colon-Emeric, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterWilson S Colucci, MDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineCraig V Comiter, MDProfessor of Urology, Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineCarolyn C Compton, MD, PhDProfessorArizona State UniversityMichelle V Conde, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioHeidi M Connolly, MD, FACC, FASESection Editor — Congenital Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolK Ryan Connolly, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineSuzanne D Conzen, MDProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of Hematology and OncologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterStephanie Cooper, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSusan M Cooper, MB ChB, MRCGP, FRCP, MDConsultant Dermatologist and Honorary Senior Clinical LecturerOxford University HospitalsLeslie T Cooper, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceSpencer T Copland, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor, Dept of Family Medicine, UNCSports Medicine Fellowship, Moses Cone Hospital SystemRamon Corbalan, MDProfessor of MedicineCardiovascular DivisionPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileCarleton Eduardo Corrales, MDOtology, Neurotology & Skull Base SurgeryDivision of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolWilliam Coryell, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa, Carver College of MedicineM Laurin Council, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisCarlton J Covey, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMichelle Craske, PhDDirector, Anxiety Research CenterUniversity of California, Los Angeles Department of PsychologyFilippo Crea, MDProfessor of CardiologyHead, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Thoracic SciencesCatholic University RomeMark A Creager, MD, FAHA, FACC, MSVMSection Editor — Vascular MedicineDirector, Heart and Vascular CenterDartmouth-Hitchco*ck Medical CenterAnna Gundlach Huber Professor of MedicineGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthMarita Cross, PhDResearch FellowUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchScott J Crow, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaMarianna Crowley, MDSenior Deputy EditorDeputy Editor — AnesthesiologyAssistant Professor of AnesthesiologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam F Crowley, Jr, MDSection Editor — Female Reproductive EndocrinologyDaniel K Podolsky Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark Crowther, MD, MScSection Editor — Hemostasis and ThrombosisProfessor of Medicine and Pathology & Molecular MedicineSt Joseph’s Hospital and McMaster UniversityChristopher P Crum, MDDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalPhilip E Cryer, MDProfessor of Medicine Emeritus and Adjunct Professor of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisAdam Cuker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology & Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaLarry Culpepper, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineBoston University School of MedicineColin S Cunningham, PhDBaltimore, MDGary C Curhan, MD, ScDSection Editor — Chronic Kidney DiseaseEditor-in-Chief EmeritusClinical Journal of the American Society of NephrologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClara Curiel-Lewandrowski, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyArizona Cancer Center, University of ArizonaCorey Cutler, MD, MPH, FRCP(C)Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolMedical Director Bone Marrow Transplant Survivors ClinicDivision of Hematologic MalignanciesDana-Farber Cancer InstituteDonald Cutlip, MDSection Editor — Interventional CardiologyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterF Michael Cutrer, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAllison Dalton, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity of ChicagoVanessa K Dalton, MD, MPHProfessor and Associate Chair of ResearchDirector, Program on Women's Health Care Effectiveness ResearchDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolDonald J D'Amico, MDChairman of OphthalmologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeReza Dana, MD, MPH, MScClaes Dohlman Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolRene Daniel, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine and Neurological SurgeryThomas Jefferson UniversityJames M Daniels, MD, MPH, RMSKProfessor of Family & Community Medicine and Orthopedic SurgeryVice Chair and Director of Scholarly ActivityDepartment of Family & Community MedicineSouthern Illinois University School of MedicinePhilip D Darney, MD, MScDistinguished Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Health Policy, EmeritusUniversity of California, San FranciscoBasil T Darras, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolShailendra Das, DOAssistant Professor, Pulmonary Medicine ServiceBaylor College of MedicineShounak Das, MDVolunteer Clinical Faculty, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at DallasDepartment of Internal Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasStacie L Daugherty, MD, MSPHProfessor of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusMatthew S Davenport, MD, FSAR, FSCBTMRAssociate Professor of Urology and RadiologyDirector of Body MRI, Associate Chair for QualityMichigan Radiology Quality CollaborativeUniversity of Michigan Health SystemWilliam S David, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMatthew S Davids, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTerry F Davies, MD, FRCP, FACEBaumritter Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJeremy L Davis, MD, FACSAssociate Research Physician, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesMark DP Davis, MD, FAADProfessor and ChairDepartment of DermatologyMayo Clinic RochesterBuddhadeb Dawn, MDProfessor of MedicineKirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLVBess Dawson-Hughes, MDTeam Leader - Bone Metabolism LaboratoryProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineRichard J de Asla, MDOrthopedic ConsultantMassachusetts General HospitalInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolIrene de Boer, MDClinical Research FellowLeiden University Medical CenterMarc E De Broe, MD, PhDEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Antwerp, BelgiumSarah D de Ferranti, MD, MPHDirector, Preventive Cardiology ClinicDepartment of CardiologyBoston Children's HospitalFilip De Keyser, MD, PhDProfessor of RheumatologyGhent UniversityPelle P de Koning, MDDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsCooper Dean, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of RadiologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineAlan H DeCherney, MDChief, Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology BranchNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthJason E Decker, MD, FAAPPediatrics and Sports MedicinePrivate PracticeFatma Dedeoglu, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPrakash C Deedwania, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineMark E Deffebach, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChristine Dehlendorf, MD, MASProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoValdesha DeJean, MDPacific Medical Centers - Canyon Park ClinicMaura DeJoseph, DODeputy Chief Medical Examiner, State of Connecticut Office of Chief Medical ExaminerClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineMarcela G del Carmen, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General HospitalChief Medical Officer, Massachusetts General Physicians OrganizationLinda M Delahanty, MS, RDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKenneth DeLay, MDTeaching Faculty I, Florida State UniversityTom Delbanco, MDJohn F. Keane & Family Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M deLemos, MDAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineKiley Delgado, MS, LCGCSenior Genetic CounselorCenter for Cancer Risk Assessment (Cancer Genetics)Massachusetts General HospitalVictoria Delgado, MD, PhDCardiologist; Department of CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterKaren S DeLoss, ODClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Department of OphthalmologyChristopher P Denton, MDProfessor of Experimental RheumatologyRoyal Free Hospital, LondonDamiaan Denys, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the KNAW, AmsterdamRichard Derby, MDPrimary Care Sports Medicine HSHS Medical Group, O’Fallon, ILAssistant Professor of Family Medicine/Sports MedicineSt. Louis University Family Medicine Residency ProgramNeerav Desai, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterDaniel G Deschler, MD, FACSSection Editor — OtorhinolaryngologyProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolMadeline B Deutsch, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Clinical Family and Community MedicineUniversity of California - San FranciscoRony Dev, DOAssistant ProfessorUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterSerkan Deveci, MDProfessor of UrologyBeykent University School of Medicine, Istanbul/TurkeyPJ Devereaux, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology McMaster UniversityLeticia Alle Deveza, MD, PhDDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyKevin deWeber, MD, FAMSSM, FAAFP, FACSMDirector, SW Washington Sports Medicine FellowshipVancouver, WAAffiliate Associate Professor of Family MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityClinical Assistant Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRichard A Deyo, MD, MPHProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Family Medicine, Department of MedicineOregon Institute of Occupational Health Services, Oregon Health & Science UniversityRajiv Dhand, MD, FCCP, FACP, FAARC, FRSM, ATSFProfessor and Endowed Chair, Department of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Graduate School of MedicinePierre A d'Hemecourt, MDLecturer in Sports MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLara K Dhingra, PhDAssociate Professor of Family and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of MedicineLucia Z Diaz, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Texas Medical School at AustinSteven J DiBiase, MDChief of ServiceDepartment of Radiation Oncology New York-Presbyterian QueensVice Chairman and Associate ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJohn P Dice, MDAllergy and ImmunologyPrivate PracticeAnna L Dickerman, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityHarry C Dietz, MDSection Editor — Valvular and Aortic DiseaseVictor A. McKusick Professor of Medicine and GeneticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMazen M Dimachkie, MDExecutive Vice Chairman & Neuromuscular Division DirectorProfessor – Department of NeurologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterSona Dimidjian, PhDDirector, Renée Crown Wellness InstituteProfessor, Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderCharles A Dinarello, MDDistinguished Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineElizabeth A Dinces, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical OtolaryngologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineSameer Dixit, MDAssistant, Attending Physician, Primary Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery, New York, New YorkAnne E Dixon, BM, BChSection Editor — AsthmaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of VermontJ Bryan Dixon, MDClinical Associate Professor of Family MedicineMichigan State University College of Human MedicineDon S Dizon, MD, FACPSection Editor – Gynecologic OncologyProfessor of Medicine, Brown UniversityDirector, Breast and Pelvic Malignancies Program and Hematology-Oncology Outpatient Clinics, Lifespan Cancer InstituteDirector of Medical Oncology and the Oncology Sexual Health Program, Rhode Island HospitalGary V Doern, MDEmeritus Professor of PathologyUniversity of Iowa College of MedicineRaphael Dolin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlice D Domar, PhDChief Compassion OfficerInception FertilityFrank J Domino, MDProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJeff Donovan, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of TorontoShira Doron, MD, FIDSA, FSHEAAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMichelle Dossett, MD, PhD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineUC Davis Medical SchoolChyke Doubeni, MD, FRCS, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and SciencePamela S Douglas, MDUrsula Geller Professor of Research in Cardiovascular DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJames D Douketis, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCPSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor, Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityJeffrey S Dover, MD, FRCPCSection Editor — Cosmetic DermatologyAssociate Clinical Professor of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineMonica Dragoman, MD, MPHSystem Director, Complex Family PlanningProgram Director, Complex Family Planning FellowshipRaquel and Jaime Gilinski Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive ScienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMount Sinai Health SystemMark T Dransfield, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamTimothy Ryan Draper, DO, AAFP, CAQ Sports MedicineAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAssociate Program DirectorCone Health Sports MedicineFrank W Drislane, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolKaren L Dugosh, PhDSenior ScientistPublic Health Management CorporationShauna Duigenan, MD, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorThe University of OttawaAntoni J Duleba, MDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoShannon M Dunlay, MD, MSProfessor of Health Services Research and MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMarlene L Durand, MDSection Editor — Head and Neck InfectionsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCeleste Durnwald, MDAssociate Professor, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPaul Durrington, MDProfessor of MedicinePhysician to Manchester Royal InfirmaryUniversity of ManchesterNatalie L Dykzeul, MS, LCGCPediatric Genetic CounselorDivision of Medical GeneticsStanford Children’s HealthKim A Eagle, MD, MACCAlbion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganRobert H Eckel, MDProfessor of Medicine, EmeritusDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAlison Edelman, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyOregon Health and Science UniversityJonathan A Edlow, MD, FACEPSection Editor — Neurologic EmergenciesProfessor of Medicine and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMorven S Edwards, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Infectious DiseasesProfessor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineBrent M Egan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleVP Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Improving Health Outcomes, American Medical AssociationGeorg B Ehret, MDDivision of CardiologyGeneva University Hospitals, SwitzerlandDavid A Ehrmann, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoAndrew J Einstein, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHAAssociate Professor of Medicine (in Radiology)Columbia University Irving Medical CenterMark H Einstein, MD, MS, FACS, FACOGSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s HealthAssistant DeanClinical Research Unit Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolRebecca Eisen, PhDResearch BiologistCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMackram F Eleid, MDProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicGhada El-Hajj Fuleihan, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center, LebanonEman Elkadry, MD, FACOGClinical InstructorHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam J Elliott, MD, PhDSection Editor — HypertensionProfessor of Preventive Medicine, Internal Medicine and PharmacologyHead, Division of PharmacologyChair, Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WAJonathan Elmer, MD, MS, FNCSAssociate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care Medicine, and NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineCraig A Elmets, MDSection Editor — PhotodermatologyProfessor and Chair of DermatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJoann G Elmore, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult)Section Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAArthur Elster, MDClinical Associate ProfessorFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityDirk M Elston, MDProfessor and Chair, Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaKevin Emerick, MDAssistant Professor in the Department of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolMichael Emmett, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesChief of Internal MedicineBaylor University Medical CenterJack Ende, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineBryant R England, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center & Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemMaurice Enriquez-Sarano, MDMinneapolis Heart Institute FoundationUta Erdbruegger, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaMichael Erdil, MD, FACOEMAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineDivision of Occupational Medicine University of Connecticut School of MedicineGreg A Erens, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineDoruk Erkan, MD, MPHAttending Rheumatologist, Hospital for Special SurgeryProfessor of Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineKristin Ernest, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineEdzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FMEdSci, FSB, FRCP, FRCP (Edin.)Emeritus Professor of Complementary MedicinePeninsula Medical School, University of ExeterCarmen P Escalante, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterRandall T Espinoza, MD, MPHProfessor of Clinical Psychiatry andMuriel Harris Endowed Chair of Geriatric PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAKatharine Esselen, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolN A Mark Estes, III, MDEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineArthur T Evans, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineD Gareth Evans, MD, FRCPCancer Lead and Consultant in Clinical GeneticsGenetic MedicineManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustRandolph W Evans, MD, FAANClinical Professor of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineRobert C Eyre, MDCorresponding Member of the Faculty of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKathleen M Fairfield, MD, DrPHVice Chair, Department of MedicineMaine Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineRonald J Falk, MDNan and Hugh Cullman Eminent Professor of NephrologyChair, Department of MedicineDirector, UNC Kidney CenterUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel HillScott A Falk, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineChristopher H Fanta, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura S Farach, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonJeanne Farnan, MD, MHPEProfessor of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoFrancis A Farraye, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic School of MedicineCaitlin Farrell, MDInstructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolDivision of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalRichard J Farrell, MDGastroenterology Consultant, Connolly HospitalClinical Professor of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandTola B Fashokun, MD, FACOGClinical Instructor, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineFaculty Attending, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency ProgramRonnie Fass, MDAGA Peer ReviewerProfessor of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityRebecca K Fastle, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAssociate Chief Medical Officer, PALS Transfer Center and Care ManagementPedram Fatehi, MD, MPHAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineReza Fazel, MD, MScAssociate PhysicianBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolSara B Fazio, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSteven H Feinsilver, MDProfessor of MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellThomas Fekete, MDProfessor of Medicine and MicrobiologyTemple University School of MedicineBrian M Feldman, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenEva L Feldman, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterJamie Feldman, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMark Feldman, MD, MACP, AGAF, FACGSection Editor — Acid Peptic DiseaseTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasClinical Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical School at DallasSarah Feldman, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolSteven R Feldman, MD, PhDProfessorWake Forest School of MedicineAnna M Feldweg, MDDirector, Editorial Management — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Allergy and ImmunologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolColleen M Feltmate, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolPeter Ferenci, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of ViennaGary T Ferguson, MDDirector, Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast MichiganClinical Professor of Medicine, Michigan State UniversityLorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhDAssistant ProfessorKarolinska InstitutetCarlos Fernandez-del Castillo, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolJill Ferrari, PhD, BScSenior Lecturer, PodiatryUniversity of East London, United KingdomBetty Ferrell, PhD, MA, FAAN, FPCNDirector and Professor, Division of Nursing Research and EducationCity of Hope Medical CenterRobert L Ferrer, MD, MPHProfessor, Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioFernando C Fervenza, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineStephen J Ferzoco, MDChief of General SurgeryAtrius HealthJoshua J Field, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinKarl B Fields, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care Sports Medicine (Adolescents and Adults)Section Editor — Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Recovery; Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical ExaminationProfessor of Family Medicine and Sports MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health (WISH), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandMaria E Figueroa, MDAssociate Professor of Human GeneticsSylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineThomas M File, Jr, MDSection Editor — Pulmonary InfectionsProfessor of MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityMichael J Fine, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemMiriam FinePatient Perspective Author– Managing pain during labor and deliveryJoel S Finkelstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Finnoff, DOProfessorDepartment of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceChief Medical OfficerUnited States Olympic and Paralympic CommitteePaul N Fiorilli, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaBernard A Fischer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineDaniel B Fishbein, MDMyanmar Research InternationalDavid C Fisher, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMary B Fishman, MDProfessor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiJohn M Flack, MD, MPH, FAHA, FASH, MACPProfessor and Sergio Rabinovich Endowed Chair of Internal MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversitySteven Flamm, MDProfessor of MedicineRush Medical CollegeRush University Lee A Fleisher, MDProfessor and Former Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical CareUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJessica Fleitman, MDHVICU director, Penn Presbyterian HospitalUniversity of Pennsylvania (August 2020)George Flesh, MDClinical Assistant Professor of OB/GYNHarvard Medical SchoolPhillip R Fleshner, MD, FACSClinical Professor of SurgeryCedars-Sinai Medical CenterGrant S Fletcher, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonPhyllis Flomenberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJefferson Medical CollegeJohn P Forman, MD, MScSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — NephrologyAssociate Physician, Division of Kidney MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAlessia Fornoni, MD, PhDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of MedicineChief, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and HypertensionDirector, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery CenterMSTP Co-DirectorChristopher E Forsmark, MDProfessor of Medicine and ChiefDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionUniversity of FloridaKevin M Fosnocht, MDChief Medical OfficerAssociate Executive DirectorPenn Presbyterian Medical CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Health SystemKatherine Walker Foster, MDClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineCaroline E Foust-Wright, MD, MBAAssistant Professor of Urology/Obstetrics and GynecologyTufts School of MedicineJosephine R Fowler, MD, MSc, FAAFPAssociate Professor & Vice Chair of Clinical ServicesDepartment of Family and Community HealthUniversity of MassachusettsMassachusetts Medical Society, Committee on Maternal and Perinatal WelfareAaron Fox, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicinePatrick M Foye, MDProfessor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationDirector, Coccyx Pain CenterRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolJoseph Francis, Jr, MD, MPHExecutive Director, Analytics and Performance IntegrationVeterans Health Administration, Washington, DCRobert L Frank, MD, FACEPClinical Instructor in Emergency MedicineEastern Virginia School of MedicineClaire E Fraser, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, Vitreoretinal SurgeryUniversity of KentuckyStephen Freedland, MDProfessor of Surgery (Urology)Director, Center for Integrated Research on Cancer and Lifestyle (CIRCL)Associate Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer CenterCedars Sinai Medical CenterArnold S Freedman, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDavid O Freedman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamSteven D Freedman, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPhoebe E Freer, MDAssociate Professor of RadiologyUniversity of Utah HospitalsHuntsman Cancer InstituteAndrew French, MDAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJonathan W Friedberg, MDProfessor of MedicineJames P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of RochesterMark W Friedberg, MD, MPPAssistant Professor of Medicine, part-timeBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolRyan P Friedberg, MDClinical Instructor, Department of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLawrence S Friedman, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair, Department of MedicineNewton-Wellesley HospitalAssistant Chief of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalLloyd N Friedman, MDProfessor of Clinical MedicineYale School of MedicineScott L Friedman, MDFishberg Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiElliot M Frohman, MD, PhD, FANA, FAANDistinguished Senior FellowLaboratory of Neuroimmunology, Stanford University School of MedicineTeresa C Frohman, MSPA, PA-C, FANAAssociate Professor of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and NeurosurgeryCo-Director of the MS and Neuroimmunology Center Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at AustinErik K Fromme, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAssociate Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer InstituteHarold Frucht, MDFormer Founding Director Pancreas Cancer Prevention & Genetics ProgramColumbia Colon Cancer Prevention ProgramColumbia UniversityEri f*ckaya, MD, PhDClinical Associate Professor of SurgeryStanford UniversityKaren L Furie, MD, MPHChair and Professor of NeurologyAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJoseph M Furman, MD, PhDProfessorUniversity of PittsburghDaniel E Furst, MDSection Editor — Treatment Issues in RheumatologyClinical professor, University of Washington, SeattleClinical professor, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyProfessor of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (Emeritus)Director of Research, Pacific Arthritis AssociatesGlen Gabbard, MDProfessor of PsychiatrySUNY Upstate Medical UniversityClinical Professor of PsychiatryBaylor College of MedicineJeffrey Gaca, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryDuke University Medical SchoolAngelo L Gaffo, MD, MsPHRheumatology Section ChiefBirmingham VA Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamMarissa C Galicia-Castillo, MD, MSEd, CMD, FACPSue Faulkner Scribner Professor of GeriatricsEastern Virginia Medical SchoolMedical Director, Palliative MedicineSentara Norfolk General HospitalMatthew Gammons, MDSection Editor — Adult Orthopedics; Sports-Related InjuriesMedical Director of Sport MedicineVermont Orthopaedic ClinicVanthaya Gan, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterHayley Gans, MDProfessorStanford University Medical CenterAlan M Garber, MD, PhDProvost/Harvard UniversityDavid A Garcia, MDSection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationProfessor of Medicine, Division of HematologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJuan Carlos Garcia-Pagán, MD, PhDSenior Consultant in Hepatology, Head Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab,Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd Associate ProfessorUniversity of BarcelonaMatthew F Gardiner, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolSeema Garg, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel-HillJoseph Metmowlee Garland, MD, AAHIVSAssociate Professor of MedicineWarren Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityIvan Garza, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceCarl Michael Gay, MD, PhDAssistant ProfessorThoracic/Head & Neck Medical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBradley N Gaynes, MD, MPHProfessor of Psychiatry, Associate Chair for Psychiatry Research Training and Education University of North Carolina School of MedicineRasheed A Gbadegesin, MDProfessor of PediatricsDuke University School of MedicineKelly Gebo, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDouglas Gelb, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAlan C Geller, RN, MPHSenior LecturerSocial and Behavioral SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthAlex George, MD, PhDAssociate Professor, PediatricsBrenner Children's HospitalWake Forest UniversityTracy I George, MDProfessorDepartment of PathologyUniversity of UtahDemetra Georgiou, Principal Genetic Counsellor (GCRB)Principal Genetic Counselor, Genomic Medicine Imperial College Healthcare (Charing Cross Hospital)Lynn B Gerald, PhD, MSPHVice Chancellor for Population HealthOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois, ChicagoBernard J Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil, FRCP, MACCEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Coronary Heart Disease; Myopericardial DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJeffrey E Gershenwald, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgery and Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMargaret Gerteis, PhDSenior ResearcherMathematica Policy ResearchWilliam A Ghali, MD, MPHProfessorDepartments of Medicine and Community Health SciencesUniversity of Calgary, CanadaKhalil G Ghanem, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineDeputy Director of EducationJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical CenterChandak Ghosh, MD, MPHSenior Ophthalmologist/Instructor of MedicineDepartment of Social MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTanya Ghosh, MDDepartment of OphthalmologyPalo Alto Medical FoundationElsa-Grace Giardina, MD, MS, FACC, FACP, FAHAProfessor of MedicineDirector, Center for Women’s Health Columbia University Medical CenterMarc J Gibber, MDAssociate ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineChristopher H Gibbons, MD, MMSc, FAANAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolWilliam E Gibbons, MDProfessorDivision of Reproductive EndocrinologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBaylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalAllan Gibofsky, MD, JD, FACP, FCLMProfessor of Medicine, Healthcare Policy and ResearchWeill Cornell MedicineAttending Rheumatologist and Co-Director, Clinic for Inflammatory Arthritis and Biologic TherapyHospital for Special SurgeryAttending PhysicianNew York Presbyterian HospitalConsultant PhysicianMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterC Michael Gibson, MS, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael K Gibson, MD, PhD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector of Translational Research for Head and Neck OncologyDirector of Esophagogastric Malignancies ProgramVanderbilt UniversityRamyar Gilani, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineAnne C Gill, DrPH, MS, RNProfessor of Pediatrics and Medical EthicsBaylor College of MedicineJames R Gill, MDChief Medical Examiner, State of ConnecticutClinical Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineDomenico Girelli, MD, PhDUniversity of VeronaProfessor of Internal MedicineMichael Gitlin, MDProfessor of Clinical PsychiatryGeffen School of Medicine at UCLAJane Givens, MD, MSCEDeputy Editor — Primary Care (Adult)Michael M Givertz, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBertil Glader, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsStanford University School of MedicinePatrick Gleeson, MDPost-Doctoral FellowSection of Allergy and Immunology, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care DivisionHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaStephen J Gluckman, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineAndrew Goddard, MDProfessor Emeritus of Psychiatry, UCSFUCSF Fresno Medical Education & Research ProgramBarbara Goff, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic OncologyDepartment Chair, Gynecologic OncologySurgeon-in-ChiefUniversity of Washington Medical CenterLaura A Goguen, MDAssociate Professor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolEric Goldberg, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineMarcia B Goldberg, MDProfessor of Medicine (Microbiology)Harvard Medical SchoolAry L Goldberger, MDSection Editor — ElectrocardiographyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDon L Goldenberg, MDSection Editor — Pain Disorders in RheumatologyEmeritus Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineAffiliate Instructor, Rheumatology Division, Oregon Health Science UniversityAffiliate Instructor, School of Nursing Oregon Health Sciences UniversityRose H Goldman, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate Professor of Environmental Health SciencesHarvard School of Public HealthAdam O Goldstein, MD, MPHProfessorDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillBeth G Goldstein, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCathy A Goldstein, MDSection Editor — Circadian Rhythm DisordersAssistant Professor, NeurologyUniversity of Michigan Sleep Disorders CenterLarry B Goldstein, MD, FAAN, FANA, FAHAProfessor and Chairman of Neurology Co-Director, Kentucky Neuroscience Institute KY Clinic - University of KentuckySteven R Goldstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineBreanne Golemiec, BScHQueen's UniversityThomas A Golper, MDSection Editor — DialysisProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterMehra Golshan, MD, MBA, FACSProfessor of Surgery (Oncology)Yale School of MedicineDavid Goltzman, MDProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversitySenior Physician, Division of Endocrinology and Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreErika Gonzalez-Reyes, MDAssociate Professor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterAnnekathryn Goodman, MD, MPH, MSProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Gynecologic OncologyMassachusetts General HospitalMGH Global Disaster ResponseAlexis Nichols GordenPatient Perspective Author – Sickle cell diseaseThe Sickle Cell Foundation of TennesseeAdam J Gordon, MD, MPH, FACP, DFASAMProfessor of Medicine and PsychiatryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineDavid A Gorelick, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineKaoru Goshima, MDProfessor, SurgeryUniversity of Arizona Health Sciences CenterCarmen Gota, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityJason Gotlib, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineMichael K Gould, MD, MSProfessor, Department of Health Systems ScienceKaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of MedicineEmmy Graber, MD, MBAClinical InstructorNortheastern UniversityMark A Graber, MD, MSHCE, FACEPProfessor Emeritus of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineWilliam M Grady, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterBarney S Graham, MD, PhDFormer Deputy DirectorViral Pathogenesis ResearchBethesda, MDLeah Gramlich, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaJocelyn R Gravlee, MDClinical Associate Professor of Community Health and Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineF Anthony Greco, MDMedical DirectorSarah Cannon Cancer CenterAlexander R Green, MD, MPHFamily Health Center of WorcesterRobert C Green, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolPatricia Greenstein, MB, BChAssistant Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey Greenwald, MDMassachusetts General Hospital, Core Educator Faculty, Department of MedicineAssociate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolAndrew J. M. Gregory, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationVanderbilt University School of MedicIan J Griffin, MB ChBDirector, Clinical and Translational ResearchBiomedical Research Institute of New JerseySophie Grigoriadis, MD, MA, PhD, FRCPCAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreFran Grodstein, ScDEpidemiologistRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical CenterAdjunct Professor of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthMegan Groh Miller, MDPrimary Care Sports Medicine SpecialistUPMC Tri-Rivers Musculoskeletal CentersHead Team PhysicianSlippery Rock UniversityShilpa Grover, MD, MPH, AGAFSenior Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolPeter Grubel, MDMercyOne Medical Center, GastroenterologyDes Moines, IowaMoises Guelrud, MDJackson Memorial Hospital University of Miami Miller School of MedicineAditi Gupta, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKalpana Gupta, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineChief, Infectious DiseasesBoston VA HCSRenuka Gupta, MD, FHM, FACPAssistant ProfessorNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineSandeep Gurbuxani, MBBS, PhDAssociate Professor, Section of Hematopathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of ChicagoGordon Guyatt, MDSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MedicineMcMaster UniversityHope K Haefner, MDHarold A. Furlong Professor of Women's HealthDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology Michigan MedicineBevra H Hahn, MDProfessor of Medicine (emeritus) in RheumatologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLASadia Haider, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Family PlanningRush University Medical CenterJohn D Hainsworth, MDChief Scientific OfficerSarah Cannon Research InstituteMeghana G Halkar, MBBSMayo ClinicMederic M Hall, MDClinical Professor of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUI Sports Medicine, University of IowaMichael J Hall, MD, MSChair, Department of Clinical GeneticsProfessor, Department of Clinical GeneticsFox Chase Cancer CenterJohn M Halphen, JD, MDAssociate Professor of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineThe University of Texas' TEAM Institute at HoustonShona Halson, PhDSchool of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AustraliaDerrick Hamaoka, LtCol, USAF, MC, FSAssociate ProfessorUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSteven S HamelPatient Perspective Author – Parkinson diseaseMatthew Hamill, MB ChB, PhD, FRCPAssistant Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineJean M Hammel, MDVice ChairmanDepartment of Emergency MedicineNorwalk Hospital/Nuvance Health SystemMargaret R Hammerschlag, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineSUNY Downstate Medical CenterPedram Hamrah, MDNew England Eye Center/Tufts Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicineAmir H Hamrahian, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismJohns Hopkins UniversityDennis P Han, MDClinical Professor of OphthalmologyMedical College of WisconsinMeiLan King Han, MD, MSSection Editor for UpToDate Pathways and Clinical Effectiveness — COPDProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterGeorge Handzo, BCC, CSSBBDirector of Health Services Research & QualityHealthCare Chaplaincy, New York, NYJane S Hankins, MD, MSMemberDepartment of HematologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalRobert R Hansebout, MD, FRCS(C), FACSProfessor Emeritus, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaSusan M Harding, MD, FCCP, AGAFSection Editor — Diagnostic TestingProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamMalini Harigopal, MDProfessor of PathologyYale University School of MedicineSeth P Harlow, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineMarvin Harper, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolIan Harris, AM, MBBS, MMed(Clin Epi), MSc(HDS), PhDProfessor of Orthopaedic Surgery, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW SydneyProfessor, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneyDirector, Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchJason B Harris, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Harrison, PhDAssociate ProfessorInstitute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of Birmingham, UKGriffith R Harsh, IV, MD, MBAProfessor and Chairman, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California, DavisCarol Hartigan, MDMedical DirectorNew England Baptist Hospital Spine Center Assistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical SchoolKaren Hartwell, MDAssociate ProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaBrian S Harvey, DOSports Medicine Center | Pediatric Sports MedicineChildren's Mercy Kansas City Associate Program Director, Pediatric Sports Medicine FellowshipAssistant Professor | UMKC School of MedicineRodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSAProfessor of MedicineUTHealth, McGovern Medical SchoolBrian P Hasley, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterElizabeth Hatch, PhDProfessor of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthRobert L Hatch, MD, MPHProfessor of Family MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineJohn R Hatzenbuehler, MD, FACSMSt. Luke's Wood River Family MedicineJulie Hauer, MDAssistant ProfessorBoston Children's HospitalHoward W Hauptman, MDChief of RheumatologyGreater Baltimore Medical CenterMary Hawn, MDStanford Medicine Professor in SurgeryStanford UniversityCurtis W Hayes, MDProfessor Emeritus of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVCU School of MedicineRodney A Hayward, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of MichiganPamela Hebbard, MD, FRCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Manitoba and CancerCare ManitobaWilliam G Heegaard, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Minnesota School of MedicineAlan C Heffner, MDDirector of Critical Care Director of ECMO Services Pulmonary and Critical Care Consultants Department of Internal Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Carolinas Medical CenterProfessorAtrium Health and University of North Carolina School of MedicineJohn E Heffner, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityProvidence Portland Medical CenterMitchell T Heflin, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineWouter JK Hehenkamp, MD, PhDGynaecologistVU University Medical Center, AmsterdamMeadow Heiman, MS, LCGC, CCRCGenetic CounselorIndiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterSimon M Helfgott, MDSection Editor — General Rheumatology and Related TopicsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolWayne JG Hellstrom, MDProfessor of UrologyChief, Section of AndrologyTulane University Health Sciences CenterLeslie Hendeles, PharmDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of FloridaCharles H Hennekens, MD, DrPHFirst Sir Richard Doll Professor & Senior Academic Advisor to the Dean, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic UniversityClinical Professor, Nova Southeastern UniversityVoluntary Professor, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineAdjunct Professor, Meharry Medical College and Baylor College of MedicineWilliam L Henrich, MD, MACPProfessor of MedicinePresident of the Health Science CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center School of MedicineN Lynn Henry, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAlbert C Hergenroeder, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Sports Medicine; Adolescent SportsProfessor & Chief of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHolly Herrington, MS, RD, LDN, CDEAdvanced Clinical DietitianDigestive Health CenterCenter for Lifestyle Medicine and Bariatric SurgeryDaniel M Herron, MD, FACS, FASMBSThe Salky Professor of SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRay E Hershberger, MDProfessor of Medicine (Cardiology and Human Genetics)Ohio State UniversityPaul J Hesketh, MDSection Editor — Supportive CareDirector, Lahey Health Cancer InstituteDirector, Thoracic Oncology, Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine, Tufts University School of MedicineDean Hess, RRT, PhD, FAARC, FCCMManaging EditorLecturerNortheastern UniversityRespiratory Care, Massachusetts General HospitalRoschelle A Heuberger, PhD, RDNProfessor of Nutrition and DieteticsCentral Michigan UniversityTamara Hew-Butler, DPM, PhD, FACSMAssociate Professor, Exercise and Sports Science College of Education, Wayne State UniversityLloyd A Hey, MD, MSAssociate Professor, Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineAssociate Professor, North Carolina State University, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringPatricia L Hibberd, MD, PhDChair, Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthCharles B Hicks, MDProfessor of Medicine (Voluntary Faculty)University of California, San DiegoWhitney A High, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineKarl F Hilgers, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Hypertension ResearchFriedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-NurembergVice Chair, Department of Nephrology and HypertensionErlangen University HospitalLinda Hill, MD, MPHDistinguished ProfessorHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health, UC San DiegoIkuo Hirano, MDProfessor of Medicine, Gastroenterology DivisionNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineIrl B Hirsch, MDSection Editor — Diabetes MellitusProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMichael Hirsch, MDInstructor in PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Hlatky, MD, FACC, FAHAProfessor of Health Research and Policy, Professor of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)Stanford University School of MedicineCharles C Ho, MDStaff AnesthesiologistBeverly Anesthesia AssociatesChristine A Ho, MD, FAAOS, FAOA, FAAPProfessor, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolStaff Orthopaedist, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for ChildrenDivision Director, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Health DallasVanessa P Ho, MD, MPH, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryAssistant Professor of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesMetroHealth Medical CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineLauri Hochberg, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of Imaged Based Gynecology ServiceUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineRichard A Hodin, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolHelen Hoenig, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine/GeriatricsDuke University School of MedicineChief - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ServiceDurham VA Medical CenterHenry T Hoffman, MD, MS, FACSProfessor of OtolaryngologyUniversity of IowaMitchel S Hoffman, MDProfessorMoffitt Cancer CenterUniversity of South Florida Morsani College of MedicineRichard M Hoffman, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineRobert S Hoffman, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineRonald O. Perelman Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of MedicineUdo Hoffmann, MD, MPHInnovative Imaging ConsultingStefan G Hofmann, PhDProfessor of PsychologyBoston UniversityElizabeth L Hohmann, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrian D Hoit, MDProfessor of Medicine and Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of ClevelandTheresa Hoke, PhD, MPHDirectorHealth Services ResearchFHI 360Judd E Hollander, MDSenior Vice President for Healthcare Delivery Innovation, Jefferson HealthProfessor, Department of Emergency MedicineSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityStephen R Holt, MD, MS, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineYale School of MedicineLori R Holtz, MD, MSPHAssociate ProfessorWashington University School of MedicinePaul E Holtzheimer, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and SurgeryThe Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthMunther K hom*oud, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineAngela M Hong, MBBS, MMed, PhD, FRANZCRMelanoma Institute Australia, The University of SydneyChristopher T Hood, MDClinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan W.K. Kellogg Eye CenterEwout J Hoorn, MD, PhDProfessor of NephrologyErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsW Keith Hoots, MDDirector, Division of Blood Diseases and ResourcesNational Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MarylandEric Hoppa, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineRichard T Hoppe, MDProfessor of Radiation OncologyStanford University School of MedicineLesley D Hordon, MDConsultant in RheumatologyUniversity of Leeds, United KingdomKimberly A Horii, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy HospitalMark D Hornstein, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolC Robert Horsburgh, Jr, MD, MUSProfessor of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and MedicineBoston University School of Public HealthMara J Horwitz, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSteven Horwitz, MDAssociate Attending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterEric W Hossler, MDAssociateDepartments of Dermatology and PathologyGeisinger Medical CenterJonathan Howard, MDAssociate Professor of Neurology and PsychiatryNYU Langone School of MedicineRenee M Howard, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoAllyson S Howe, MD, FAAFP, CAQ Sports MedicineAssistant Professor of Family and Sports MedicineTufts UniversityWilliam Howe, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineChi-yuan Hsu, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoDeborah C Hsu, MD, MEdAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoward Hu, MD, MPH, ScDAffiliate Professor, University of WashingtonProfessor & Flora L. Thornton ChairKeck School of Medicine of USCUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLinden Hu, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineJohn T Huggins, MDProfessor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaWarner K Huh, MDMargaret Cameron Spain Chair in Obstetrics/GynecologyProfessor, Division of Gynecologic OncologySenior Scientist, UAB Comprehensive Cancer CenterChair, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMenno V Huisman, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine at the Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsPeter J Hulick, MD, MMSc, FACMGMedical Director, Center for Medical Genetics NorthShore University HealthSystemClinical Assistant Professor, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of MedicineStephen Hulkower, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineRussell D Hull, MBBS, MScEmeritus Professor of MedicineUniversity of Calgary, CanadaLinda Humphrey, MDProfessor of Medicine and Public Health and Preventive MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGary M Hunninghake, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRaegan Hunt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDivision Chief, Pediatric Dermatology DirectorTexas Children's HospitalAlice A Hunter, MDStaff OrthopedistLahey Hospital and Medical CenterClare Hutchinson, MDCM, FRCPCPediatric RheumatologistUniversity of TorontoMark R Hutchinson, MD, FACSM, FAAOSDistinguished Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoPeter H Hwang, MDProfessorChief, Division of RhinologyDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineCheryl Iglesia, MD, FACOGProfessorDepartments of ObGyn and UrologyGeorgetown University School of MedicineKaren Ingersoll, PhDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral SciencesUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineJohn R Ingram, MD, PhDSenior Lecturer and Consultant DermatologistDivision of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomLesley A Inker, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineSilvio E Inzucchi, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineMary Lloyd Ireland, MDAssociate Professor of Sports MedicineUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineCharles G Irvin, PhD, FERSProfessorUniversity of Vermont Department of MedicineMichael R Irwin, MDCousins Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAProfessor of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and SciencesZacharia Isaac, MDSection Editor — Soft Tissue Rheumatic DiseaseAssistant Professor in Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolClaudine Isaacs, MDSection Editor — Breast CancerProfessor of Medicine and OncologyGeorgetown University Medical SchoolJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchStuart N Isaacs, MDAssociate ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaGeoffrey K Isbister, MDProfessor, Clinical Toxicology Research GroupUniversity of Newcastle, AustraliaElizabeth Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular DiseaseUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJonathan Jackson, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesVicki A Jackson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatrics, Massachusetts General HospitalCo-Director Harvard Medical School Center for Palliative CareBret C Jacobs, DO, MAClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Family Medicine and Community HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolEric Jacobsen, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAllan S Jaffe, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Medical SchoolAndra H James, MD, MPHProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics & Gynecology Consulting Professor of Medicine Duke UniversityPaula James, MD, FRCPCProfessor Department of MedicineQueen's UniversityPhilip G Janicak, MDAdjunct Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineRobin B Jarrett, PhDElizabeth H. Penn Professor in Clinical PsychologyThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJeffrey G Jarvik, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiology and Neurological SurgeryAdjunct Professor, Health Services, Pharmacy, and Orthopedics & Sports MedicineDirector, Comparative Effectiveness, Cost and Outcomes Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonJill Jasper, MDAdjunct Instructor of PediatricsUniversity of IowaAminah Jatoi, MDBetty J Foust and Parents' Professor of OncologyMayo Medical SchoolCarrie A Jaworski, MD, FAAFP, FACSMAssociate Director of Sports PerformanceSport & Exercise MedicinePark City HospitalIntermountain HealthcareNeeru Jayanthi, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Emory Sports Medicine CenterDirector, Emory Tennis MedicineJ Eric Jelovsek, MD, MMEd, MSDS, FACOGProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Duke UniversityWilhelmina D JenkinsPatient Perspective Author – Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome#ME Action GeorgiaVictoria Jennings, PhDProfessor EmeritaGeorgetown UniversityPamela J Jensen, MDAttending PathologistTexas Health Presbyterian Hospital DallasJeffrey Jim, MD, MPHS, FACSChair, Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryMinneapolis Heart Institute at Abbott Northwestern HospitalBonnie N Joe, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingChiefUCSF Breast ImagingKimberly S Johnson, MDProfessorDivision of Geriatric MedicineDuke University Medical CenterNatasha R Johnson, MDAssociate Professor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRob Johnson, MDProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of MinnesotaTeam PhysicianUniversity of Minnesota AthleticsTheodore M Johnson II, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Nursing, Family Medicine, and EpidemiologyAssociate Professor of UrologyEmory UniversityInvestigator, US Department of Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham/AtlantaChristine Johnston, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonEric Jonasch, MDProfessorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJennifer Jones, MDAssistant ProfessorMedical University of South CarolinaJeanne A Jordan, PhDProfessorSchool of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityLori Jordan, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Pediatrics, Neurology, and RadiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNaima T Joseph, MD, MPH, MADivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School, Boston MASamir V Joshi, MD, DCH, FAAPClinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyCecilia Matilda Jude, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALowell S Kabnick, MD, RPhS, FACS, FACPhDirector of Clinical OperationsUnited Vein And Vascular CentersChristopher Kabrhel, MD, MPHProfessor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLisa A Kachnic, MD, FASTROChu H Chang Professor and ChairDepartment of Radiation OncologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterHerbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterEdward Kachur, MD, FRCS(C)Associate Professor, Division of NeurosurgeryMcMaster UniversityDeborah M Kado, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineSection Co-Chief, Geriatric MedicinePrimary Care & Population HealthStanford University School of MedicineDirector, VA Fellowship in Advanced Geriatrics, VA Palo Alto GRECCSusan R Kahn, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineMcGill UniversityPeter J Kahrilas, MDProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityAmy Kaji, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLASarah S Kalia, ScM, CGCGenetic Counselor and PhD studentHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthDipti V Kamani, MDClinical Research SpecialistMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryDavid A Kaminsky, MDProfessor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical CareUniversity of Vermont Larner College of MedicineKyle Kampman, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaSunanda V Kane, MD, MSPHSection Editor — Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseProfessorMayo Clinic College of MedicineBliss Kaneshiro, MD, MPHProfessorDirector of the Complex Family Planning FellowshipDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Hawaii, John A Burns School of MedicinePeter B Kang, MD, FAAP, FAANDirector, Paul & Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy CenterVice Chair of Research, Department of NeurologyScholar, Institute for Translational NeuroscienceUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolStella K Kang, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Radiology and Population HealthNYU School of MedicineSouha S Kanj, MDProfessor of MedicineHead of Infectious DiseasesChairperson, Infection Control ProgramCo-director, Antimicrobial Stewardship ProgramAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterJoseph P Kannam, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndre A Kaplan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterLawrence D Kaplan, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoAmer Karam, MDClinical ProfessorAssociate Director and Director of OutreachDivision of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanford University School of MedicineMaher Karam-Hage, MDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterAdolf W Karchmer, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKristine A Karlson, MDAssociate Professor of Community and Family Medicine and OrthopedicsDartmouth Medical SchoolClifford E Kashtan, MDProfessor of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolExecutive DirectorAlport Syndrome Treatments and Outcomes Registry (ASTOR)Stacey M Kassutto, MDAssistant Professor of Clinical MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaJulie P Katkin, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineAnne Katz, PhD, RN, FAANCancerCare ManitobaWinnipeg, MBJeffrey N Katz, MD, MScProfessor of Medicine and Orthopedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolCarol A Kauffman, MDEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Fungal InfectionsProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolHoracio Kaufmann, MDProfessor of Neurology and MedicineNew York University School of MedicineAndrew M Kaunitz, MDProfessor and Associate ChairmanDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Florida College of Medicine-JacksonvilleElectron Kebebew, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryChief, Division of General SurgeryHarry A. Oberhelman, Jr. and Mark L. Welton ProfessorProgram Leader, Endocrine Oncology ProgramStanford Cancer CenterYair Y Keilson, MDAdjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of MedicineTouro College of Osteopathic MedicineDavid Keith, BDS, FDSRCS, DMDProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental MedicineVisiting OMFS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MAGabor Keitner, MDProfessor of PsychiatryBrown UniversityEllie Kelepouris, MD, FAHASection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicineMichael Keller, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Allergy and ImmunologyChildren's National HospitalCharles Kellner, MDProfessor (Adjunct)Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SCSusan Kellogg Spadt, CRNP, PhDProfessor, OBGYNDrexel University College of MedicineProfessor, Human SexualityWidener UniversityStephen Kells, PhDProfessor of EntomologyUniversity of MinnesotaCiarán P Kelly, MDSection Editor — Patient PerspectiveProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHillary R Kelly, MDAssistant Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNancy R Kelly, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, DallasJohn G Kelton, CM, MD, FRCPCDistinguished University ProfessorDivision of Hematology and Thromboembolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster UniversityExecutive DirectorMichael G. DeGroote Initiative for Innovation in Healthcare, McMaster UniversityJohn L Kendall, MD, FACEPProfessor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineHarold L Kennedy, MD, MPHAdjunctive Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineKimberly Kenton, MD, MS, FACOG, FACSProfessor, Obstetrics & GynecologyChief, Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive SurgeryNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, ILJennifer Kerns, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorUniversity of California, San FranciscoStefan G Kertesz, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamEmily Keung, MDAssistant Professor, Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterNadia A Khan, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of British Columbia, CanadaSajid A Khan, MDResearch FellowArnold Pain Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterMohit Khera, MD, MBA, MPHProfessor, Scott Department of UrologyBaylor College of MedicineChaouki Khoury, MD, MSAssociate Professor of Neurology and Child NeurologyTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterDouglas P Kiel, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDirector Musculoskeletal Research CenterHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLifeAndrew J Kienstra, MDAssociate Professor, Department of PediatricsThe University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolPediatric Emergency Medicine, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasUS Acute Care SolutionsAoife Kilcoyne, MB, BCh, BAOInstructor in RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolArthur Y Kim, MD, FIDSAAssociate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolSusan Kim, MD, MMScAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoYoun H Kim, MDProfessor of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineMary C Kimmel, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUNC Chapel HillStephen E Kimmel, MD, MSProfessor of EpidemiologyUniversity of FloridaGretchen Kimmick, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterYukiko Kimura, MDProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineDivision Chief of Pediatric RheumatologyJoseph M Sanzari Children's HospitalHackensack University Medical CenterAllison King, MD, MPH, PhDProfessorDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Medicine, Division of HematologyWashington University School of MedicineTalmadge E King, Jr, MDEditor-in-Chief — Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSection Editor — Interstitial Lung DiseaseDean, School of Medicine Vice Chancellor, Medical AffairsUniversity of California San FranciscoSheryl Kingsberg, PhDChief, Division of Behavioral Medicine MacDonald Women’s Hospital/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterProfessor, Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineNicole W Kittler, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoJeffrey D Klausner, MD, MPHClinical Professor of Medicine, Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaEric A Klein, MDChairman, Glickman Urological and Kidney InstituteProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicIrwin Klein, MDProfessor of Medicine and EndocrinologyNYU School of MedicineSteven Kleinman, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineClinical Professor of PathologyUniversity of British Columbia, VancouverAmy D Klion, MDInfectious Disease SpecialistBaltimore, MDMichael Klompas, MD, MPHProfessor of Population MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDaphne Knicely, MD, MEHPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineBradley P Knight, MD, FACCSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChristopher L Knight, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonMeagan Domangue KnightPatient Perspective Author – LymphangioleiomyomatosisKevin J Knoop, MD, MSProgram Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Riverside Regional Medical Center, Newport News, VAClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VAClinical Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed ServicesUniversity of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MDScott M Koehler, MDPhysician, Sports Medicine SpecialistAllina Health, Northfield, MinnesotaWendy Kohlmann, MS, CGCLicensed Genetic CounselorUniversity of Utah Huntsman Cancer InstituteSarah Kohnstamm, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganDaniel M Kolansky, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineLavanya Kondapalli, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoBarbara A Konkle, MDScientific DirectorWashington Center for Bleeding DisordersProfessor of Medicine/HematologyUniversity of WashingtonStephen L Kopecky, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FASPCProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRhonda K Kotarinos, DPT, MSKotarinos Physical Therapy, Ltd.Urogynecology Clinical Assistant ProfessorUniversity of South Florida, TampaMilind J Kothari, DOProfessor of Neurology and Medical EducationVice-Chair, Faculty DevelopmentUSF Health, Morsani College of MedicineNeil W Kowall, MDProfessor of Neurology and PathologyBoston University School of MedicineKris V Kowdley, MD, FAASLD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFDirector, Liver Institute Northwest Clinical Professor of Medicine, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine,Washington State UniversityChristopher M Kramer, MD, FACC, FAHAGeorge A. Beller MD/Lantheus Medical Imaging Distinguished Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Virginia Health SystemJill Krapf, MDThe Centers for Vulvovagin*l DisordersClinical Assistant ProfessorThe George Washington University Medical CenterEric H Kraut, MDProfessor of MedicineDirector The Ohio State University Hemostasis Thrombosis CenterRanga Krishnan, MDProfessor of PsychiatryRush UniversityFlorian Kronenberg, MDProfessor of Genetic EpidemiologyMedical University of InnsbruckDaniela Kroshinsky, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Kruse, MDPrimary Care Sports MedicineOrthopaedic Specialty InstituteJonathan B Kruskal, MD, PhDSection Editor — Abdominal ImagingProfessor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolGeoffrey Kuhlman, MD, CAQSM, FAAFPPhysicianAMITA Health Medical GroupFormer Team PhysicianUnited States National Soccer TeamsKapil Kumar, MDClinical Instructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHiroko Kunitake, MDAssistant in Surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolWendy Kuohung, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyBoston University School of MedicineIrving Kushner, MDProfessor EmeritusCase Western Reserve UniversityRobert F Kushner, MDProfessor of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineJanet L Kwiatkowski, MD, MSCEDirector, Thalassemia ProgramChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaProfessor of PediatricsPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaBonnie Ky, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of Cardio-OncologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDirector, Penn Cardio-Oncology Translational Center of ExcellenceAnn S LaCasce, MDSection Editor — Lymphoproliferative DisordersAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndré Lacroix, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal, Quebec, CanadaBrian E Lacy, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicBlandine Laferrère, MDProfessor of Medicine, Obesity Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsDenis Lafreniere, MDProfessor and Chief of the Division of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterRuth L Lagman, MD, MPH, FACP, FAAHPMThe Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine and Supportive Oncology Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicMichelle Lai, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterTahaniyat Lalani, MBBS, MHSAssociate ProfessorUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesLeah Lalor, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinJoseph MC Lam, MDClinical Associate ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaJ Thomas Lamont, MDEditor-in-Chief — Gastroenterology and HepatologySection Editor — Anorectal Disorders and Misc. Lower GI Disease; Nutrition, Malabsorption, and Misc. Upper GI DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRon G Landmann, MDChief, Division of Colon & Rectal SurgeryBaptist MD Anderson Cancer CenterBruce Landon, MD, MBA, MScProfessor of Health Care Policy and MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterPaul H Lange, MD, FACSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of UrologySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonNancy Lange-Vaidya, MD, MPHInstructor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalAnnie Lapointe, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Department of SurgeryUniversity of Montreal, CanadaAlfred A Lardizabal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineNew Jersey Medical SchoolRegina LaRocque, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAnne M Larson, MD, FACP, FAASLD, AGAFClinical Professor of MedicineClinic ChiefUW Medicine/NWH HepatologyNorthwest Hospital and Medical CenterEric B Larson, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Health ServicesUniversity of WashingtonRichard A Larson, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — LeukemiaProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineShane L Larson, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesCaitlin S Latimer, MD, PhDActing Instructor in NeuropathologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterJacob P Laubach, MD, MPPAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Physician, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteMarc R Laufer, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolShannon K Laughlin-Tommaso, MDConsultant and Assistant Professor, Division of Gynecology, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolLaura Laursen, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorRush University Medical SchoolCarl J Lavie, MD, FACC, FACP, FCCP, FESPMMedical Director, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Preventive CardiologyDirector, Exercise LaboratoriesDaryl Lawson, PT, MPT, DScAssociate ProfessorWestern Michigan UniversityMichelle M Le Beau, PhDProfessor Emerita of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChief Scientific Officer, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of TexasJay Lebow, PhD, ABPPProfessor of PsychologyThe Family Institute at Northwestern and Northwestern UniversityKarin Leder, MBBS, FRACP, PhD, MPH, DTMHSection Editor — Travel MedicineHead of Infectious Diseases UnitMonash UniversityChristoph I Lee, MD, MSProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineHaur Yueh Lee, MBBS, MRCP, M Med (Int Med), FAMSAssociate Professor, Department of DermatologySingapore General HospitalDuke-NUS Medical SchoolLois K Lee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSei Lee, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSusanna I Lee, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts General HospitalSuzee E Lee, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyUCSF Memory and Aging CenterEric Legome, MDProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineMount Sinai Morningside and Mount Sinai West HospitalsVice Chair of Academic Affairs, Emergency MedicineIcahn Mount Sinai School of MedicineMichael D Leise, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRichard E Leiter, MD, MAAttending PhysicianDepartment of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative CareDana-Farber Cancer InstituteInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert F Lemanske, Jr, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health at Madison, WIAnthony J Lembo, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCatherine Lemière, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Montreal Medical SchoolDaniel J Lenihan, MDProfessor of Medicine, Washington University School of MedicinePresident, International Cardio-Oncology SocietyDirector, Cardio-Oncology Center of ExcellenceKrista L Lentine, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineJulie C Leonard, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsNationwide's Children's HospitalThe Ohio State University, College of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine andNationwide Children’s HospitalSusan D Leonard, MDAssociate Clinical Professor, Division of Geriatric MedicineUCLA Department of MedicineLawrence LK Leung, MDEditor-in-Chief — HematologySection Editor — Disorders of Hemostasis and CoagulationMaureen Lyles D'Ambrogio Professor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineThellea Leveque, MD, MPHClinical Associate Professor, Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineKerry Levin, MDChairman, Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicProfessorCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineMyron J Levin, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusThomas Levin, MDAdvocate Heart InstituteAdvocate Medical GroupOak Lawn, IllinoisDeborah Levine, MDSection Editor — ImagingProfessor EmeritaHarvard Medical SchoolDepartment of RadiologyBeth Israel Lahey HealthMitchell Levy, MDAssistant Professor of Health Services and Psychiatric EpidemiologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineMoise L Levy, MDSection Editor — Pediatric DermatologyProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)Dell Medical School, University of Texas, AustinClinical Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineSamuel Lévy, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of CardiologyUniversity of Marseille, FranceE Michael Lewiecki, MDDirectorNew Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis CenterMichele D Lewis, MD, MSScAssociate Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic JacksonvilleSuzanne C Li, MD, PhDSection Editor — Pediatric RheumatologyProfessor of PediatricsHackensack Meridian School of MedicineTsao-Wei Liang, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityHoward Libman, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolStuart M Lichtman, MDAttending PhysicianMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterRodger A Liddle, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical SchoolHarris R Lieberman, PhDMilitary Nutrition DivisionUS Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineJennifer Ligibel, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJean Lee Lim, MDDepartment of DermatologyKaiser Permanente Medical Group, Santa Rosa, CARobert B Lim, MD, FACS, FASMBSVice Chair of EducationOklahoma University-Physicians TulsaProfessor of SurgeryOklahoma University School of Medicine TulsaCharles J Limb, MDFrancis A Sooy ProfessorChief, Division of Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base SurgeryDirector, Douglas Grant Cochlear Implant CenterUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineKenneth W Lin, MD, MPHAssociate DirectorLancaster General Hospital Family Medicine ResidencySteven C Lin, MD, MPHAttending Gastroenterologist Kaiser Permanente WashingtonBrian Linde, MD, MPHInstructor, Department of MedicineOccupational and Environmental MedicineYale School of MedicineMark S Link, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical CenterPeter A Lio, MDClinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineGregory YH Lip, MD, FRCPE, FESC, FACCPrice-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool, UKDistinguished Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, DenmarkAdjunct Professor, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaAdjunct Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaSusan Lipsett, MDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKasia J Lipska, MD, MHSAssociate Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology)Yale School of MedicineMichael J Lipson, OD, FAAO, FSLSAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganM Kathryn Liszewski, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineAugusto A Litonjua, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsGolisano Children's Hospital of University of Rochester Medical CenterVincent Liu, MDClinical ProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineGiovanni Lodi, DDS, PhDFull ProfessorDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental SciencesUniversity of Milan, ItalyRichard F Loeser, MDJoseph P Archie, Jr Eminent ProfessorDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and ImmunologyDirector, Thurston Arthritis Research CenterThe University of North CarolinaAnna SF Lok, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolGeorge F Longstreth, MDClinic GastroenterologistVeterans Administration San Diego Healthcare SystemVoluntary Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineFred A Lopez, MDRichard Vial Professor and Vice ChairLouisiana State University School of MedicineFrancisco Lopez-Jimenez, MD, MSc, FACC, FAHAChair, Division of Preventive CardiologyProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolJose Lopez-Sendon, MD, PhDChief, Cardiology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazInstituto de Investigación La PazCharles L Loprinzi, MDRegis Professor of Breast Cancer ResearchMayo Clinic College of MedicineJulie Lord, MDAssistant Residency Training Director,University of Washington Outpatient Psychiatry ClinicGarrett Losh, MDOtolaryngologyPrivate Practice at the Iowa ClinicGillian Lowe, MA MB BChir, MRCP, FRCPathConsultant HaematologistUniversity of BirminghamRobert C Lowe, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineQun Lu, MDConsultantMayo Clinic Hospital ArizonaTiffany Lu, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAimee L Lucas, MD, MSAssociate Professor Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDavid J Lucier, MD, MBA, MPHInstructor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolChair of Quality and Patient Safety, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalTom F Lue, MD, ScD (Hon), FACSProfessor of UrologyEmil Tanagho Endowed Chair in Clinical UrologyDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoEmily S Lukacz, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego HealthBeatrice Lupsa, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineLawrence R Lustig, MDHoward W. Smith Professor and Chair of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck SurgeryColumbia University Medical CenterJeffrey M Lyness, MDSenior Associate Dean for Academic AffairsProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterAlice Ma, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineThe Medical Alumni Loyalty Fund Distinguished Teaching ProfessorUniversity of North CarolinaNaim Maalouf, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterGretchen MacCarrick, MS, CGCSenior Genetic Counselor, Department of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityJames MacDonald, MD, MPH, FAAFP, FACSMNationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Sports MedicineClinical Professor of Pediatrics and Family Medicine The Ohio State UniversityCharles G Macias, MD, MPHChief Quality Officer/Vice Chair Quality & Safety-University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's HospitalProfessor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve UniversityWendy Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJoanna V MacLean, MDAssistant Professor, Clinician Educator, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityFinlay A Macrae, MDProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaTessa Madden, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyWashington University in St. Louis, School of MedicineChristopher Madias, MDAssistant Professor Tufts University School of MedicineJames M Madsen, MD, MPH, COL (ret), MC-FS, USAAdjunct Instructional Assistant Professor, University of FloridaUma Mahadevan, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSimon A Mahler, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineNeal G Mahutte, MDMedical DirectorThe Montreal Fertility CenterGretchen Makai, MDDirector, Minimally-Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Christiana Care Health SystemBarry Make, MDProfessor of MedicineNational Jewish Health (NJH) and University of Colorado School of MedicineCo-Director, COPD ProgramNJHYvonne A Maldonado, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Health Research and Policy Stanford University School of MedicineKelly Michele Malloy, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolScott Manaker, MD, PhDSection Editor — Critical CareProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineLisa A Mandl, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeJohannes FE Mann, MDProfessor of MedicineFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergStephan C Mann, MD, DLFAPAPrivate practiceHarleysville, PAWilliam J Mann, Jr, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryClinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineWarren J Manning, MDSection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of Medicine and RadiologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid M Mannino, MDDirector, Pulmonary Epidemiology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Kentucky School of MedicineStavros C Manolagas, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesAntonis S Manolis, MDProfessor of CardiologyAthens University School of MedicinePaul F Mansfield, MD, FACSProfessor of Surgical OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterMichael K Mansour, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalEllen F Manzullo, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineUniversity of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterLyn March, AM, MD, PhDLiggins Professor of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal EpidemiologyUniversity of Sydney Institute of Bone and Joint ResearchErin N Marcus, MD, MPH, FACPProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineKaren J Marcus, MDAssociate Professor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstituteLynette J Margesson, MD, FRCPC, FAADAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Obstetrics and GynecologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthAlina Markova, MDAssistant ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeMartin S Maron, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseAssistant Professor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineChristina M Marra, MDProfessor of Neurology, Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases)University of Washington School of MedicineGregory M Martin, MDAffiliate Assistant Professor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of Miami Leonard School of MedicineKathryn A Martin, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Endocrinology and Patient EducationAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRichard J Martin, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineNational Jewish HealthSean N Martin, DOBranch Chief, Sports Medicine Headquarters Air Force Special Operations CommandOffice of the Command SurgeonHurlburt Field, FLFernando J Martinez, MD, MSBruce Webster Professor of MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeRenato G Martins, MD, MPHChairHematology Oncology and Palliative CareProfessorVirginia Commonwealth UniversityJoel B Mason, MDProfessor of Medicine and NutritionTufts University Schools of Medicine and NutritionUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts UniversityDavid Mataix-Cols, PhDProfessor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric ScienceKarolinska InstitutetDavid B Matchar, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyDuke University Medical CenterDirector, Program in Health Services and Systems ResearchDuke-NUS Medical SchoolBarbara M Mathes, MD, FACP, FAADClinical Associate, DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaErin Mathes, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartments of Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoMahan Mathur, MDAssociate Professor of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingVice Chair of EducationYale School of MedicineMelissa Mattison, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKaren L Maughan, MDAssociate Professor of Family MedicineUniversity of VirginiaToby Maurer, MDProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of MedicineHani Haytham Mawardi, BDS, DMSc, DABOM, FDS RCSEdKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaculty of DentistryJeddah, Saudi ArabiaRyanne J Mayersak, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Emergency MedicineAssistant Residency DirectorOregon Health & Science UniversityPaul H Mayo, MDAcademic Director Critical CareDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineNorthwell Health LIJ/NSUH Medical CenterProfessor of Clinical MedicineDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellMara McAdams DeMarco, PhDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Population HealthNew York University Grossman School of MedicineRandi E McCabe, PhDProfessor of Psychiatry & Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityMark O McCarron, MD, FRCPConsultant NeurologistAltnagelvin HospitalMicah T McClain, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterJohn R McConaghy, MD, CPE, FAAFPProfessor, Family MedicineVice Chair, QualityAssociate Director, Family Medicine ResidencyRardin Family PracticeMeredith C McCormack, MD, MHSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseAssociate Professor of MedicineMedical Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins UniversityElizabeth McCormick, MDHome-Based Medical Care PhysicianProspero HealthDaniel McDermott, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California at San FranciscoShaunagh McDermott, MDAssistant ProfessorHarvard Medical SchoolThomas McElrath, MD, PhDProfessor in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolNikolaus McFarland, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Neurology & Chief, Movement Disorders DivisionDepartment of Neurology, University of FloridaDermot P B McGovern, MD, PhD, FRCP (London)Joshua L and Lisa Z Greer Endowed Chair in IBD GeneticsDirector of Translational Medicine, Professor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThomas McGovern, MDFort Wayne Dermatology ConsultantsFort Wayne, INTodd McGrath, MD, CAQSMAssistant ProfessorWeill Cornell Medical CollegeAssistant Attending Physician, Primary Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery, New York, NYChristopher McGrew, MDProfessorDepartment of Family and Community MedicineAssociate Program Director, Primary Care Sports Medicine FellowshipDepartment of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterJames R McKay, PhDProfessor of Psychology in PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaWilliam J McKenna, MDSection Editor — Myopericardial DiseaseEmeritus Professor of CardiologyUniversity College, LondonKimberly D McLaren, MDAssistant Professor of Health Services and Psychiatric EpidemiologyUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolKevin T McVary, MD, FACSDirector of the Center for Male Health Professor of UrologyDepartment of UrologyStritch School of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterPaul Mead, MD, MPHChief, Bacterial Diseases BranchCenters for Disease Control and PreventionMary-Ellen Meadows, PhD, ABPPClinical NeuropsychologistBrigham and Women's HospitalAssistant Professor of PsychologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert T Means, Jr, MD, MACPSection Editor — Red Blood Cell DisordersProfessor of Internal MedicineJames H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityC Crawford Mechem, MD, FACEPProfessor of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaJose R Medina-Inojosa, MD, M.ScAssistant Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineWilliam P Meehan, III, MDDirector of The Micheli Center for Sports Injury PreventionDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalProfessor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolBabak Mehrara, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryCornell Weill Medical CenterNoshir R Mehta, DMD, MSProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Public Health and Community ServiceTufts University School of Dental MedicineTejas S Mehta, MD, MPH, FACR, FSBIAssociate Professor of RadiologyDirector of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Population Health in RadiologyUMass Memorial Medical Center/UMass Chan Medical SchoolZankhana Mehta, MDDepartment of Palliative and Supportive MedicineGeisinger Medical CenterDiane E Meier, MD, FACPDirector, Center to Advance Palliative Care Director, Hertzberg Palliative Care Institute, Mount Sinai School of MedicineProfessor, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of MedicineAlec L Meleger, MDAssistant Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationHarvard Medical SchoolSpaulding Rehabilitation HospitalNewton-Wellesley HospitalSamantha Meltzer-Brody, MD, MPHAssociate Professor and Associate Chair for Faculty DevelopmentDirector, UNC Perinatal Psychiatry ProgramUNC Center for Women’s Mood DisordersDonna Reyes Mendez, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center (UTHSC) Medical School HoustonLinyan Meng, PhD, FACMGAssistant Professor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineDick Menzies, MD, MScProfessor of Medicine and of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsMontreal Chest Institute, McGill UniversitySofia D Merajver, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAngelo Mercieri, MDInternal Medicine UnitHead Physician of Emergencies UnitBolognini Hospital, Seriate, Bergamo, ItalyDeborah P Merke, MD, MSPediatric EndocrinologistBethesda, MDPeter A Merkel, MD, MPHSection Editor — VasculitisChief, Division of RheumatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaGeno J Merli, MD, MACP, FHM, FSVMProfessor of Medicine & SurgerySidney Kimmel Medical CollegeLisa J Merlo, PhD, MPEAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaJoseph F Merola, MD, MMSc, FAAD, FACRAssociate Professor, Departments of Dermatology and MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew G Messenger, MD, FRCPProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of SheffieldDenise W Metry, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineFremonta L Meyer, MDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolTheo E Meyer, MD, PhDSection Editor — Heart FailureProfessor of Medicine Interim Chief, Cardiology University of Massachusetts Medical School UMass Memorial Medical CenterJeffrey A Meyerhardt, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineDana-Farber Cancer InstituteAlain Meyrier, MDProfessor of Medicine (Emeritus)Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, FranceThomas J Mezzanotte, MDOrthopaedic TraumatologistMcLeod Regional Medical CenterShahzad I Mian, MDTerry J. Bergstrom Professor, Associate ProfessorW.K. Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolM Dror Michaelson, MD, PhDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLyle J Micheli, MDDirector, Division of Sports MedicineBoston Children’s HospitalClinical Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolSecretary GeneralInternational Federation of Sports MedicineElizabeth Micks, MD, MPHAffiliate Associate ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of WashingtonSaskia Middeldorp, MD, PhDProfessor of Internal MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterDavid E Midthun, MDSection Editor — Lung CancerProfessor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineMark E Mikkelsen, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorPulmonary Sciences and Critical CareAssociate Chief Medical Officer, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineStacey Milan, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryTexas A&M Health Sciences CenterBaylor Scott and White Health (Temple, TX)Andrea Milbourne, MDProfessor of Gynecologic OncologyThe University of TexasDavid A Miller, MDProfessor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaChildren's Hospital Los AngelesPaul D Miller, MDDistinguished Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Health Sciences CenterJennifer Minnix, PhDUT MD Anderson Cancer CenterGregory Mints, MD, FACPAssistant Professor of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeDana Miskulin, MDAssociate ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineMadhusmita Misra, MD, MPHFritz Bradley Talbot and Nathan Bill Talbot Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolCaroline Mitchell, MD, MPHAssociate Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical School Director, Vulvovagin*l Disorders ClinicMassachusetts General HospitalSiraj Mithoowani, MD, MHPE, FRCPCAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineMcMaster UniversitySahil Mittal, MD, MSAssistant ProfessorBaylor College of MedicineShahla Modarresi, MDClinical Professor of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALona Mody, MDAmanda Sanford Hickey Professor of Internal MedicineDania Mohty, MD, PhDConsultant CardiologistHeart CenterKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Professor of MedicineAlfaisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia andUniversity of Limoges, FranceDaren Molina, MDPediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, and Sports MedicineBaylor College of MedicineSydney Montesi, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolThomas J Montine, MD, PHDProfessor in PathologyStanford UniversityBrian R Moore, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterGregory P Moore, MD, JDConsultant Emergency Medicine ResidencyMayo Clinic, Rochester, MNConsultant Emergency DepartmentMayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZTerry L Moore, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySaint Louis UniversityStefan Moosmayer, MD, PhDConsultant Orthopedic SurgeonDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryMartina Hansens HospitalMaria E Moreira, MDSection Editor — Adult TraumaAssociate Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineMedical Director of Continuing Education & Simulation Denver Health & Hospital AuthorityLarry W Moreland, MDUniversity of Colorado, School of MedicineAntonio J Moretti, DDS, MSProfessor, Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of DentistryMiriam C Morey, PhDProfessorDepartment of Medicine Co-DirectorOlder Americans Independence (Pepper) CenterAssociate Research DirectorGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDaniel M Morgan, MDAssociate ProfessorFemale Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of MichiganJames P Morgan, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMary E Morris, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyHarvard Medical SchoolRachael Morris-Jones, FRCP, PhD, PCMEDermatology Consultant and Training Programme DirectorGuys and St Thomas Hospital and King's College LondonR Sean Morrison, MDSection Editor — Selected End Stage ConditionsHermann Merkin Professor of Palliative CareMount Sinai School of MedicineDavid A Morrow, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHoward S Moskowitz, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryMontefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineEliot Mostow, MDProfessor and Chair, Dermatology SectionNortheastern Ohio University College of MedicineAmy K Mottl, MDAssociate Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineDavid B Mount, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAssociate/Clinical Chief, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalRenal Division, VA BostonAlbeir Y Mousa, MD, FACS, MBA, MPH, RPVIProfessor, Department of SurgeryVascular and Endovascular Surgery DivisionWest Virginia UniversityEllen Mowry, MD, MCRProfessor of Neurology and EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityLeah K Moynihan, RNC, MSNReliant Medical GroupDariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPHDean of Friedman School of Nutrition Science & PolicyJean Mayer Professor of Nutrition and MedicineTufts UniversityKenneth J Mukamal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSuraj Ashok Muley, MD, FAAN, FACPMedical Director of NeuroimmunologyBob Bove Neuroscience Institute at HonorhealthMichael T Mullen, MDAssociate ProfessorLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityRashmi S Mullur, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAVisala Muluk, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghSean W Mulvaney, MDAssociate ProfessorMilitary and Emergency MedicineUniformed University of the Health SciencesMedha Munshi, MDDirector of Joslin Geriatric Diabetes ProgramsBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolFrancesco Muratore, MDRheumatology UnitAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio EmiliaDavid Murdoch, MD, MSc, DTM&H, FRACP, FRCPA, FFSc(RCPA)Clinical Microbiologist and Infectious Diseases PhysicianUniversity of Otago, ChristchurchTimothy F Murphy, MDSUNY Distinguished ProfessorUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkDavid L Murray, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyConsultantMayo ClinicJohn C Murray, MDProfessor of Medicine (Dermatology)Duke University Medical CenterDaniel M Musher, MDProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineMichael G Muto, MDAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolJustin B Mutter, MD, MScSection Head, Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineM Kathryn Mutter, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineGerald V Naccarelli, MDProfessor of MedicinePenn State University College of MedicineElie Naddaf, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyMayo ClinicCharles W Nager, MDProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoMaurice Nahabedian, MDProfessor of Plastic SurgeryVirginia Commonwealth University – Inova BranchNational Center for Plastic SurgeryGovind Nandakumar, MD, FACS, FASCRSChief of Gastrointestinal Surgery & GI OncosurgeryColumbia Asia Hospitals Bangalore Courtesy Faculty, Weill Cornell Medical College, New YorkRam N Narayan, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine, PhoenixCreighton University School of MedicineFabio A Nascimento, MDAssistant Professor of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USAEEG/Epilepsy Clinical FellowJames P Nataro, MD, PhD, MBABenjamin Armistead Shepherd Professor and ChairUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineSara Neal, MDProfessor of Family MedicineMoses Cone Health SystemRobert S Negrin, MDSection Editor — Bone Marrow TransplantationProfessor of MedicineStanford University School of MedicineFrancesco Negro, MDProfessor of Gastroenterology and hepatologyUniversity Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandLarissa Nekhlyudov, MD, MPHSection Editor — Cancer SurvivorshipProfessor, Department of MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCraig Nelson, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoPeter S Nelson, MDProfessor, Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterProfessor, Division of Medical Oncology, University of WashingtonGregory Ness, DDS, FACSEmeritus Professor - ClinicalCollege of Dentistry, The Ohio State UniversityRichard W Nesto, MDChief Medical OfficerBeth Israel Lahey HealthProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMark I Neuman, MD, MPHSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolPaul Newey, MDSenior Lecturer in Endocrinology, Division of Molecular & Clinical MedicineNinewells Hospital & Medical School, University of DundeeJeffrey H Newhouse, MDProfessor of Radiology and UrologyColumbia University Medical CenterAndrea K Ng, MD, MPHProfessor, Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalDana-Farber Cancer InstitutePaul T Nghiem, MD, PhDProfessor and HeadUniversity of Washington DermatologyGeorge F. Odland Chair in DermatologyCuong V Nguyen, MDAssistant Professor, Department of DermatologyNorthwestern UniversityPatrick Niaudet, MDSection Editor — Pediatric NephrologyProfessor of PediatricsHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, FranceLynnette K Nieman, MDSection Editor — Adrenal DiseaseSenior InvestigatorBethesda, MDAndrew Nierenberg, MDProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalJason Nieuwsma, PhDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceDuke UniversityPeter A Nigrovic, MDPrince Turki Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolChief, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalVuyisile T Nkomo, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicSonya Norman, PhDProfessorUniversity of California San DiegoNathaniel Nye, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services UniversitySharmilee Maria Nyenhuis, MD, FAAAAIAssociate Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, Section of Allergy & ImmunologyUniversity of ChicagoPaul Nyirjesy, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityMichael J O'Brien, MDDirector of the Sports Concussion ClinicDivision of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's HospitalAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsHarvard Medical SchoolPaul M O'Byrne, MB, FRCP(C), FRSCDean and Vice President, Faculty of Health Sciences, ProfessorMcMaster University, CanadaFrancis G O'Connor, MD, MPH, FACSMSection Editor — Sports-Related Injuries; Symptom Assessment and Physical Examination; Medical Issues Related to Sports and ExerciseProfessor of Military and Emergency MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesPatrick G O'Connor, MD, MPHDan Adams and Amanda Adams Professor of General MedicineChief, General Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineRobert D Odze, MD, FRCPCProfessor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolErin O'Ferrall, MDAssistant ProfessorMcGill UniversityRei Ogawa, MD, PhD, FACSProfessor and ChiefDepartment of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryNippon Medical SchoolChristopher S Ogilvy, MDProfessor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKelly P O'Keefe, MD, FACEPProgram Director and ProfessorFlorida State University College of MedicineEmergency Medicine ResidencySarasota Memorial HospitalTomasz R Okon, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineMark D Okusa, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemMichael P O'Leary, MD, MPHSection Editor — UrologyProfessor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Urologic Surgeon, Brigham and Women's HospitalMichael J Olek, DOAssociate Professor of NeurologyTouro University Nevada College of Osteopathic MedicineBarbara Olendzki, RD, MPH, LDNAssociate Professor of MedicineUMass Medical SchoolJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MS, PhDJamary Oliveira-Filho, MD, MSc, PhDProfessor of NeurosciencesFederal University of Bahia, BrazilBrian Olshansky, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasAdjunct Professor of MedicineDes Moines UniversityTerrence A O'Malley, MDCorresponding Faculty Member, Harvard Medical SchoolWilliam G Ondo, MDWeill Cornell Medical SchoolDirector, Movement Disorders, Methodist Neurological CenterMary A O'Neal, MDDirector of Women's NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalMichael K Ong, MD, PhDProfessor in Residence of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesPuneet Opal, MD, PhDProfessor of NeurologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversitySteven Orebaugh, MDAssociate Professor, Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineHarry T Orr, PhDUniversity of MinnesotaInstitute for Translational NeuroscienceErik Ortega, MDAssistant ProfessorBarrow Neurological InstituteThomas L Ortel, MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine & PathologyHemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Duke UniversityMiguel G O'Ryan, MDProfessor, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileLauren M Osborne, MDAssociate Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and of Gynecology & ObstetricsDirector, Center for Women’s Reproductive Mental HealthFellowship Director, Advanced Specialty Training Program in Reproductive PsychiatryThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineKathryn K Ostermaier, MD, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDirector of the Texas Children's Down Syndrome ClinicShirley Otis-Green, MSW, MA, LCSW, ACSW, OSW-CE, FNAP, FAOSWConsultantCollaborative CaringCatherine M Otto, MDEditor-in-Chief — Cardiovascular MedicineSection Editor — Cardiac Evaluation; Valvular DiseaseProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonJoseph G Ouslander, MDProfessor of Geriatric MedicineSenior Advisor to the Dean for GeriatricsSchmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityMichael J Overman, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medical OncologyMD Anderson Cancer CenterCindy Owen, MDSection Editor — Acne and RosaceaAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleChristine Pace, MD, MScMedical Director, Population Health ServicesBoston Medical Center Health SystemAssistant Professor, Boston University School of MedicineNeha Pagidipati, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of CardiologyDuke University Medical SchoolRekha Pai Mangalore, MBBS, FRACP, MPH, DTM&HInfectious Diseases SpecialistAlfred Health, MelbourneJulie J Paik, MD, MHSAssistant Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Division of RheumatologyDebra L Palazzi, MD, MEdProfessor of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases SectionBaylor College of MedicineJoel M Palefsky, MDProfessorUniversity of California San FranciscoPast President, International Papillomavirus SocietyPast President, International Anal Neoplasia SocietyJose-Alberto Palma, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyNYU School of MedicineBiff F Palmer, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterJustin Paoloni, MBBS, BSc, PhD, MSpMed, FACSPAssociate Professor of Orthopaedics and Sports MedicineUniversity of New South WalesGeorge N Papaliodis, MDDirector, Ocular Immunology and Uveitis ServiceHarvard Medical SchoolAparna R Parikh, MD, MSAssistant Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolDavid Pariser, MDProfessor of DermatologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolElyse R Park, PhD, MPHAssociate Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Behavioral Sciences, MGH Tobacco Research & Treatment CenterDirector of Behavioral Science Research, Center for Psychiatric & Behavioral Sciences, MGH Cancer CenterDirector of Behavioral Health Research, MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body MedicineJohn K Park, MD, PhDProfessor of Clinical Neurological SurgeryWeill Cornell Medical CollegeChief of Neurological SurgeryNewYork-Presbyterian Queens HospitalSong Youn Park, MDActing Instructor, Division of DermatologyUniversity of WashingtonTae Woo Park, MD, MScAssistant Professor of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicinePamela ParkerPatient Perspective Author – Peripheral artery diseaseWilliam H Parker, MDClinical ProfessorOb Gyn and Reproductive SciencesUC San Diego School of MedicineCraig Parsons, MS, PTThe Physical Therapy NetworkMark S Pasternack, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMaitray D Patel, MDProfessor of RadiologyDepartment of RadiologyMayo Clinic ArizonaPriya J Patel, MDAssistant Professor in Clinical MedicineSection of Allergy and ImmunologyPulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care DivisionPerelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaZara M Patel, MDProfessorDivision of RhinologyDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineJon Patricios, MBBCh, MMedSci, FACSM, FFSEM (UK), FFIMSProfessor, Wits Sport and Health (WiSH)School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand, South AfricaMarc C Patterson, MD, FRACPSection Editor — Pediatric NeurologyProfessor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Medical GeneticsMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMartin Paulus, MDAdjunct Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoAimee S Payne, MD, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaSassan Pazirandeh, MDDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKaiser Permanente Medical CenterK Michelle Peavy, PhD, MACClinical Associate ProfessorDirector of Training, PRISM CollaborativeDept. of Community and Behavioral HealthElson S. Floyd College of MedicineWashington State UniversityDavid Peden, MDHarry S. Andrews Distinguished Professor of PediatricsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillYork Pei, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FASNProfessor of MedicineUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoJeffrey F Peipert, MD, PhDClarence E. Ehrlich Professor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyIndiana University School of MedicineAntonio Pelliccia, MDChief of CardiologyInstitute of Sport Medicine and Science, Rome, ItalyPatricia A Pellikka, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASESection Editor — Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging and Stress TestingProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineStephen I Pelton, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and EpidemiologyBoston University Schools of Medicine and Public HealthJohn H Pemberton, MDProfessor of SurgeryMayo Clinic and Mayo Medical SchoolConstantino Pena, MDMedical Director of Vascular ImagingMiami Cardiac & Vascular InstitutePage B Pennell, MDChair, Department of NeurologyHenry B. Higman Professor of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterRobert M Penner, BSc, MD, FRCPC, MScAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaMark A Peppercorn, MDProfessor of Medicine EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolMark A Perazella, MD, FACPProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineMolly Perencevich, MDBrigham and Women’s HospitalAssociate PhysicianJeremy G Perkins, COL, MD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesVlado Perkovic, MBBS, PhDDean and Scientia Professor of MedicineUniversity of NSW, SydneyLeigh Perreault, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAssociate Professor of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthCatherine E Perron, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolRonald D Perrone, MDSection Editor — Cystic DiseaseProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBeth N Peshkin, MS, CGCProfessor of Oncology, Certified Genetic CounselorGeorgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterJess and Mildred Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics ResearchAmy H Peterman, PhDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteStephen Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI, ATSF, FCPPDavis Professor and Chief, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunologic DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational SciencesWake Forest School of MedicineDouglas M Peterson, MD, MBA, FACP, FACSMAssistant Professor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolClayton C Petro, MDAssistant Professor of SurgeryLerner College of MedicineCleveland Clinic Center for Abdominal Core HealthDavid J Petron, MDAssociate Professor, Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of UtahJames A Pfaff, MD, FACEP, FAAEMSan Antonio Uniformed Service Health Education ConsortiumEmergency Medicine ResidencyJoint Base San Antonio, TXMichael Pfeffer, MDClinical Professor, MedicineStanford University School of MedicineKurt Pfeifer, MD, FACP, SFHMChief, Section of Perioperative and Consultative MedicineProfessor of Medicine – General Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinRobert Phang, MD, FACC, FHRSElectrophysiologistAlbany Associates in CardiologyPradyumna Phatak, MDClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineDepartment of Medicine ChairRochester General HospitalMichael E Pichichero, MDDirector, Research InstituteRochester General HospitalMichael Pignone, MD, MPHChair, Department of MedicineThe University of Texas at AustinDell Medical SchoolJoAnn V Pinkerton, MD, FACOG, NCMPProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision Head Midlife HealthUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterExecutive Director Emeritus, The North American Menopause SocietySorin Pislaru, MD, PhDSection Editor —Valve DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicNelly Pitteloud, MDProfessor in MedicineLausanne University SwitzerlandCraig D Platt, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolStaff Physician, Division of ImmunologyBoston Children's HospitalUwe Platzbecker, MDHead, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hämatologie, Zelltherapie und HämostaseologieUniversitätsklinikum LeipzigKatherine D Pocius, MD, MPHInstructorHarvard Medical SchoolMedical Director of Family PlanningDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalPaul J Pockros, MDDirector, Liver Disease CenterScripps ClinicDirector, SC Liver Research ConsortiumPhilip J Podrid, MD, FACCProfessor of Medicine, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Boston University School of MedicineLecturer, Harvard Medical SchoolDennis Poe, MDDepartment of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Boston Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical SchoolMarc A Pohl, MDPast, Ray W. Gifford, Jr., MD Endowed Chair in HypertensionConsultant StaffDepartment of Nephrology and HypertensionGlickman Urologic and Kidney InstituteCleveland ClinicMiriam Keltz Pomeranz, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyNew York University School of MedicineMichel Pontari, MDProfessor of UrologyTemple University School of MedicineThaddeus M Pope, JD, PhD, HEC-CProfessor, Mitchell Hamline School of LawAthena Poppas, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineBrown University School of MedicineReuven Porat, MDProfessor of MedicineTel Aviv University School of MedicineRussell K Portenoy, MDChief Medical OfficerMJHS Hospice and Palliative CareProfessor of Neurology and Family and Social MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineRobert M Post, MDClinical Professor of PsychiatryGeorge Washington UniversityRaoul Poupon, MDProfessor of Hepatology and GastroenterologyUniversity Pierre et Marie CurieUPMC, Sorbonne University, Paris, FranceAnna Maya Powell, MD MScAssistant Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineAnton Pozniak, MD, FRCPTuberculosis Lead PhysicianChelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation TrustSarah Prager, MD, MASProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolGlenn M Preminger, MDSection Editor — Renal Ureteral StonesProfessor of Urologic SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDirector of EducationEndourological SocietyDaniel Press, MDAssociate Professor in NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolTore A Prestgaard, MDDepartment of Neurology, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Drammen Hospital, NorwayBoard Member of the Scandinavian Foundation of Medicine and Science in SportsGregory A Price, PhDMicrobiologist/InspectorUS Food and Drug AdministrationAdrian J Priesol, MD, FRCPCInstructor in Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolKathleen I Pritchard, MD, FRCPCProfessor EmeritaDivision of Medical OncologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMedical OncologistSunnybrook Odette Cancer CentreSenior ScientistSunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, CanadaLori Prok, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PathologyUniversity of Colorado Denver School of MedicineJordan M Prutkin, MD, MHS, FHRSProfessor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology SectionUniversity of WashingtonChristina M Puchalski, MD, MS, FACP, FAAHPMDirector and ProfessorGeorge Washington Institute for Spirituality and Health, School of Medicine and Health SciencesThe George Washington University, Washington, DCCraig R Purdam, DSc M Sports PhysioProfessor, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, AustraliaProfessor, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, AustraliaMargot Putukian, MD, FACSM, FAMSSMDirector of Athletic MedicinePrinceton UniversityAssociate Clinical ProfessorRobert Wood Johnson Medical School - University of Medicine & Dentistry of New JerseyDavid B Pyne, PhD, FACSMResearch ProfessorResearch Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of CanberraCharles T Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterJames V Quinn, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineStanford UniversityMarc HGP Raaijmakers, MD, PhDErasmus University Medical CenterDepartment of Hematology and Erasmus Stem Cell InstituteRotterdam, The NetherlandsBenjamin A Raby, MD, MPHSection Editor — GeneticsAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJai Radhakrishnan, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterHershel Raff, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of Wisconsin and the AdvocateAurora Research InstituteKatie Raffel, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Hospital Medicine, Denver HealthUniversity of ColoradoIhsan M Rafie, MRCPAssistant Professor of MedicineDalhousie UniversityMeera Raghavan, MDDiagnostic RadiologistBanner MD Anderson Cancer CenterGanesh Raghu, MDProfessor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine (Adjunct)University of Washington School of MedicineAdam Rahman, MD, DABIM, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Western OntarioCatherine Rogers Rainbow, MD, SMCAQClinical InstructorUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAli Raja, MD, MBA, MPHProfessor, Mooney-Reed Endowed Chair, and Executive Vice ChairHarvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalSathish Rajasekaran, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of AlbertaPriya Rajendran, MDClinical InstructorUniversity of California, San FranciscoS Vincent Rajkumar, MDSection Editor — Plasma Cell DisordersEdward W and Betty Knight Scripps Professor of MedicineMayo ClinicNaren Ramakrishna, MD, PhDDirector of Neuro and Pediatric Radiation OncologyOrlando Health Cancer InstituteProfessor of Radiation Oncology University of Central Florida College of MedicineScott D Ramsey, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterStephanie Randle, MD, MSClinical Assistant Professor of Pediatric Neurology and EpilepsyUniversity of Washington and Seattle Children's HospitalSumant Ranji, MDChief, Division of Hospital Medicine, San Francisco General HospitalProfessor of Clinical Medicine, University of California San FranciscoSatish SC Rao, MD, PhD, FRCPChief, Gastroenterology/HepatologyAugusta UniversityLawrence D Recht, MDProfessor of NeurologyStanford University School of MedicineJhansi Reddy, MD, FACOGAssistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineKrishna P Reddy, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolCarrie A Redlich, MD, MPHProgram Director, Yale Occupational and Environmental MedicineProfessor, Department of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineSusan D Reed, MD, MPHProfessor, Vice ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology AdjunctDepartment of EpidemiologyHarborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington School of MedicineGuy S Reeder, MDSection Editor — Coronary DiseaseProfessor of MedicineMayo Medical SchoolJonathan Rees, FRCP (UK), FFSEM (UK), MDConsultant in Sports Medicine and RheumatologyFortius Clinic London Honorary Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise MedicineQueen Mary College LondonEmily Reeve, BPharm(Hons) PhDSenior Research Fellow and Senior Lecturer of Pharmacy PracticeQuality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research CentreUniversity of South Australia Clinical and Health SciencesMiguel Regueiro, MD, AGAF, FACG, FACPChair, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionThe Pier C. and Renee A. Borra Family Endowed Chair in Gastroenterology and HepatologyChair, Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteCleveland ClinicProfessor of MedicineLee B Reichman, MD, MPHSenior Advisor and Past Executive DirectorRutgers Global Tuberculosis InstituteMara H Rendi, MD, PhDDepartment of Anatomic PathologyUniversity of WashingtonHospital Pathology AssociatesMinneapolis, MNDavid B Reuben, MDDirector, Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyArchstone Professor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAKarina Reyner Pauly, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineTexas A&M College of MedicineCharles F Reynolds III, MDDistinguished Professor of Psychiatry and UPMC Endowed Professor in Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineChanu Rhee, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of Population Medicine and MedicineHarvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's HospitalRocco Ricciardi, MD, MPHChief, Section of Colon and Rectal SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalAssociate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolDavid Richards, MD, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJeremy B Richards, MD, MAAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterMichael J Richards, MD, FRACPDirector, Victorian Infectious Disease ServiceDirector, VICNISS Coordinating Centre for Surveillance of Healthcare-associated InfectionsThe Royal Melbourne HospitalJerome P Richie, MD, FACSSection Editor — Cancer of the Urethra, Penis, and Ureter; Urologic Surgery; Prostate CancerElliott Carr Cutler Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolLeslie M Rickey, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorYale School of MedicineMichael C Riddell, PhDProfessorYork UniversityHelge Riemann, MDDermatologistNancy A Rigotti, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaura E Riley, MDChair, Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Cornell MedicineObstetrician and Gynecologist-in-ChiefNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalDavid M Rind, MDSection Editor — General MedicineChief Medical OfficerInstitute for Clinical and Economic ReviewAssistant Professor of Medicine, Part-timeHarvard Medical SchoolDavid Ring, MD, PhDAssociate Dean for Comprehensive CareDell Medical School, University of Texas at AustinChristine Ritchie, MD, MSPHSection Editor — Palliative CareKen Minaker Endowed Chair in Geriatric MedicineResearch Director, Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Mongan InstituteSarah Rubia Robbins, BPhty, PhDPostdoctoral AssociateDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney Medical SchoolKolling Institute of Medical Research, University of SydneyMark S Roberts, MD, MPPProfessor of Medicine, Health Policy and Management and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineWilliam O Roberts, MD, MS, FACSMProfessor of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolW Neal Roberts, Jr, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyR Paul Robertson, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of MinnesotaDiana Robinson, MBBS FACSEPChair, Curriculum CommitteeChief Project Manager, Specialist Training Program Education ProjectsAustralasian College of Sport and Exercise PhysiciansWilliam R Robinson, MDProfessor of Gynecologic Oncology and Hematology/Oncology University of Mississippi Medical CenterKristen M Robson, MD, MBA, FACGDeputy Editor — Gastroenterology/HepatologyAssistant ProfessorTufts University School of MedicineDario Roccatello, MDProfessor of Nephrology and Clinical PathologyUniversity of Turin Medical SchoolPaula A Rochon, MD, MPH, FRCPCFounding Director, Women’s Age Lab, Women’s College HospitalProfessor, Department of MedicineRTO/ERO Chair in Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Toronto, CanadaDon C Rockey, MDChairman, Department of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaRichard Rodenberg, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsNationwide Children’s Hospital The Ohio State UniversityLinda H Rodgers, MGC, CGCGenetic CounselorMassachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Risk AssessmentRobert L Rodnitzky, MDProfessor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of NeurologyUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineMaria C Rodriguez-Barradas, MDProfessor of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineAndrea H Roe, MD, MPHAssistant ProfessorPerelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaRebecca G Rogers, MDProfessor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbany Medical SchoolSanziana Roman, MD, FACSProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of California, San Francisco*kathleen S Romanowski, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of Clinical SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavis and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern CaliforniaMichael Ronthal, MDProfessor of Neurology EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolGuy Rordorf, MDAssociate Professor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolClifford J Rosen, MDSection Editor — Bone DiseaseProfessor of NutritionUniversity of MaineProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineHarold N Rosen, MDAssociate Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRaymond C Rosen, PhDAdjunct Full Professor of PsychiatryUCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CAMichael Rosenbaum, MDProfessor, Pediatrics and Medicine at CUIMCAssociate Director, CTSA/Clinical Research ResourceColumbia University Irving Medical CenterHenry Rosenberg, MDPresident Emeritus, Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United StatesMark Rosenberg, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolBruce D RosenblumPatient Perspective Author – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisScott B Rosenfeld, MDAssociate Professor of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and ScoliosisBaylor College of MedicineRobert L Rosenfield, MDProfessor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoAdjunct Professor of PediatricsUniversity of California, San FranciscoRobert S Rosenson, MDSection Editor — LipidsProfessor of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineDirector, Metabolism and LipidsMount Sinai Health SystemDavid S Rosenthal, MDProfessor EmeritusHarvard Medical SchoolMitchell H Rosner, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemDouglas S Ross, MDSection Editor — Thyroid DiseaseProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJonathan Ross, MDProfessor of Sexual Health and HIVDepartment of Sexual Health and HIVUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustNatalia S Rost, MD, MPHProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarc E Rothenberg, MD, PhDProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineNan Rothrock, PhDAssociate ProfessorMedical Social SciencesFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityAnthony J Rothschild, MDIrving S. and Betty Brudnick Endowed Chair and Professor of Psychiatry University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolFlorence Roufosse, MDErasme Hospital, Department of Internal MedicineUniversite Libre de Bruxelles, BelgiumBrad H Rovin, MDSection Editor — Glomerular DiseasesProfessor of Medicine and PathologyThe Ohio State University College of MedicineJames A Rowley, MDProfessor of MedicineWayne State University School of MedicineMichael J Roy, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniformed Services UniversityPeter P Roy-Byrne, MDEditor-in-Chief — PsychiatrySection Editor — Depressive DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJayanta Roy-Chowdhury, MD, MRCP, AGAF, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNamita Roy-Chowdhury, PhD, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine and GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineMichael R Rudnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineBruce A Runyon, MD, FAASLDSection Editor — Cirrhosis and Its ComplicationsSpecial Hepatology Consultant to the Indian Health Service Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, New MexicoA John Rush, MDProfessor EmeritusNational University of Singapore, Duke-NUSAnthony S Russell, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaSeward B Rutkove, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolDavid P Ryan, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLeticia Manning Ryan, MD, MPH, FAAPAssociate Professor of PediatricsDivision of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins Children's CenterKenneth G Saag, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremiah J Sabado, MDClinical Instructor of Radiology and PediatricsSidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityMichael S Sabel, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolCharlotte Sadler, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD)Joshua D Safer, MD, FACPExecutive Director, Center for Transgender Medicine and SurgeryMount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiSunil K Sahai, MD, FAAP, FACPProfessor and Division Chief, General MedicineThe University of Texas Medical BranchRajiv Saini, MDClinical Instructor, Department of UrologyDownstate Medical CollegeSarbjit Saini, MDSection Editor — Urticaria and AngioedemaProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineMartha Sajatovic, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and NeurologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineJohn C Sakles, MDProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineWael Salem, MD, MS MPhilAdjunct Assistant ProfessorUniversity of MinnesotaJohn R Saltzman, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAFSection Editor — Therapeutic and Diagnostic EndoscopyProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolCarlo Salvarani, MDProfessor of RheumatologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaAzienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS – di Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaAndrew D Samel, MDAffiliate Staff MemberSturdy Memorial HospitalJonathan M Samet, MD, MSDean and ProfessorColorado School of Public HealthCharles V Sanders, MDProfessor of Medicine, Emeritus Louisiana State University School of Medicine New OrleansNeil S Sanghani, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterHanna K Sanoff, MD, MPHAssociate ProfessorUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillJonathan A Santana, DOAssistant Professor of OrthopedicsUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineRichard J Santen, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health Sciences CenterArun J Sanyal, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRobert B Saper, MD, MPHChair, Department of Wellness and Preventive MedicineCleveland ClinicDonika Saporito, MS, CGCCertified Genetic CounselorThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterJitender Sareen, MD, FRCPCProfessor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of ManitobaMark Sarnak, MDProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineA Oliver Sartor, MDSection Editor — Prostate CancerLaborde Professor for Cancer ResearchMedical Director, Tulane Cancer CenterDepts. of Medicine and UrologyTulane Medical SchoolWilliam H Sauer, MDDirector, Cardiac ElectrophysiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalKai Saukkonen, MDDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDiane MF Savarese, MDSenior Deputy Editor — UpToDateDeputy Editor — Oncology and Palliative CareClinical Instructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJacqueline Saw, MD, FRCPC, FACCClinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalPaul E Sax, MDSection Editor — HIVClinical DirectorBrigham and Women's HospitalProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAndrew J Saxon, MDSection Editor — Substance Use DisordersProfessor, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonThomas E Scammell, MDSection Editor — HypersomniasProfessor of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolSteven C Schachter, MDSection Editor — EpilepsyProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCourtney Schadt, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of LouisvilleDivision of DermatologyJulie V Schaffer, MDAttending in Pediatric DermatologyDirector, Pediatric Dermatology FellowshipDivision of Pediatric & Adolescent Dermatology Hackensack University Medical CenterMorris Schambelan, MDProfessor Emeritus of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoMichael Schatz, MD, MSClinical Professor, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineEric Schauberger, DO, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Wisconsin - MadisonPamela L Scheinman, MDAttending PhysicianDerm Institute of ChicagoRobert S Schenken, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSusan A Scherl, MDProfessor of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of NebraskaCharles A Schiffer, MDEmeritus Professor of OncologyBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineMichael L Schilsky, MD, FAASLDMedical Director, Adult Liver Transplant Yale-New Haven Transplantation CenterAssociate Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Transplantation and ImmunologyYale University Medical CenterFranklin R Schneier, MDSpecial Lecturer in PsychiatryColumbia UniversityRobert T Schoen, MDClinical Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineJ Kenneth Schoolmeester, MDAssistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJohn O Schorge, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterKasmintan A Schrader, MBBS, FRCPC, PhDMedical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaAsher J Schranz, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineJennifer Schreiber, MDGeorgetown University HospitalIris Schrijver, MDAdjunct Clinical Professor of PathologyStanford University School of MedicineRebecca J Schultz, PhD, APRN, CPNP-PC, FAESAssociate ProfessorTexas Woman's UniversityPeter H Schur, MDEditor-in-Chief — RheumatologySection Editor — Basic ScienceProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolSteven D Schwaitzberg, MD, FACSProfessor and ChairmanJacobs School of MedicineUniversity at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkPeter J Schwartz, MDProfessor of Cardiology and Director of the Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic OriginIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCSRichard M Schwartzstein, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolTodd J Schwedt, MD, MSCIProfessor of NeurologyMayo ClinicPaula Schweich, MDClinical Professor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineHenrik Winther Schytz, MD, PhD, DMSCiAssociate Professor, Danish Headache CenterUniversity of CopenhagenAlexander Scott, PhD, RPTAssociate Professor of Physical TherapyUniversity of British ColumbiaSherry Scovell, MD, FACSAssistant Professor in Surgery, Part TimeHarvard Medical School/Massachusetts General HospitalZindel Segal, PhD, C.PsychProfessor of Psychiatry University of TorontoMikkael A Sekeres, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineChief, Division of HematologySylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of MiamiElizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPHProfessor of Epidemiology and MedicineJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthArlene C Seña, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillSanjay Sethi, MDProfessor of Medicine, Division Chief, Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep MedicineUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New YorkSanjeev Sethi, MD, PhDProfessor of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineKevin A Sevarino, MD, PhDAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryYale University School of MedicineDaniel J Sexton, MDSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterAnjali R Shah, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolElizabeth Shane, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterCaitlin Shannon, MPHResearch and Evidence LeadCARE USAAmy D Shapiro, MDSection Editor — Hemostasis and thrombosisMedical Director, Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterAdjunct Senior Investigator, Clinical TrackBlood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Milwaukee)Eugene D Shapiro, MD, FAAPProfessor of Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Public Health and Investigative MedicineYale University School of MedicinePriyanka Sharma, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterHoward T Sharp, MDSection Editor — Gynecologic SurgeryProfessor and Vice Chair for Clinical ActivitiesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Utah Health Sciences CenterM Katherine Shear, MDMarion E. Kenworthy Professor of Psychiatry in Social WorkDirector, Center for Prolonged GriefColumbia UniversityJeremy M Shefner, MD, PhDSection Editor — Neuromuscular DiseaseProfessor of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona, Phoenix Clinical Professor of Neurology, Creighton UniversityNadine Shehata, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineDepartments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and PathologyDivision of HematologyUniversity of TorontoPaul Shekelle, MDProfessor of MedicineUCLA Medical SchoolRichard C Shelton, MDCharles Byron Ireland ChairProfessor and Vice Chair for ResearchUAB Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurobiologyDonald W Shenenberger, MD, FAAD, FAAFPAssistant Professor of DermatologyEastern Virginia Medical SchoolAmandeep Shergill, MD, MSProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CA, San Francisco/ San Francisco VA MedicalKenneth E Sherman, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineScott C Sherman, MDAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineRush Medical CollegeRick Sherva, PhDAssistant ProfessorBoston University School of Medicine Genetics ProgramAvinash Shetty, MDProfessor of PediatricsWake Forest University School of MedicineJan L Shifren, MDVincent Trustees Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolHelen A Shih, MD, MS, MPHProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolAttending Radiation OncologistMassachusetts General HospitalTina Shih, MDClinical Professor of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco School of MedicineThomas D Shipp, MD, RDMSAssociate Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRobert H Shmerling, MDSection Editor — Diagnostic Issues in RheumatologyAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolS Abbas Shobeiri, MD, FACS, FACOGProfessor and Vice Chair, Gynecologic SubspecialtiesINOVA Women’s Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityAdjunct Professor, BioengineeringGeorge Mason UniversityDalton E Sholter, MD, FRCPCAssociate Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaRoni M Shtein, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of MichiganTanya Siddiqi, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell TransplantationCity of Hope National Medical CenterMark D Siegel, MDProfessor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineMichael H Silber, MBChBProfessor of NeurologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceAnn W Silk, MD, MSPhysician, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor, Harvard Medical SchoolPaolo S Silva, MDAssistant Professor of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolChief of Telemedicine and Staff OphthalmologistBeetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes CenterShonni J Silverberg, MDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsBarry P Simmons, MDAssociate Professor of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolNaomi M Simon, MD, MScProfessor, NYU Grossman School of MedicineDirector, Anxiety, Stress and Prolonged Grief ProgramNYU Langone HealthMichael Simons, MDRobert W Berliner Professor of MedicineYale University School of MedicineStephen M Simons, MD, FACSMCo-DirectorSouth Bend-Notre Dame Sports Medicine FellowshipAlexis Simpkins, MD, PhD, MSCR, FAHAStaff Clinician, Vascular Neurology DivisionDepartment of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterHelen Blair Simpson, MD, PhDProfessor of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityAmit G Singal, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TXAshwani K Singal, MD, MS, FACG, FAASLDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of South Dakota Transplant Hepatologist, Avera University Health Center and Transplant InstituteChief Clinical Research Affairs, Avera Transplant Institute and Division of HepatologyDaniel E Singer, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolRobert J Singer, MDDirector, Neurovascular TherapeuticsMenorah Medical CenterKamaljeet Singh, MDAssociate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAlbert L Siu, MD, MSPHProfessorDepartment of Geriatrics and Pallative MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineAndrew Skodol, MDSection Editor — Personality DisordersResearch Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineMark Slabaugh, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniformed Services University of Health SciencesOrthopedics and Joint ReplacementMercy Medical Center, BaltimorePriscilla J Slanetz, MD, MPH, FACRProfessor of RadiologyBoston University Medical CenterAnne Slavotinek, MBBS, PhDSection Editor — GeneticsProfessor of PediatricsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterMatthew R Smeds, MD, FACS, DFSVSProfessor of Surgery, Department of SurgerySaint Louis UniversityGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolDouglas Smink, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolAlexander Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoC Christopher Smith, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolEdward R Smith, MDDepartment of NeurosurgeryChildren's Hospital BostonHarvard Medical SchoolEric E Smith, MDProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of CalgaryJoseph A Smith, MDProfessor and Chairman of Urologic SurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNicole A Smith, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolRoger P Smith, MDAdjunct ProfessorVirginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineStacy E Smith, MDChief and Distinguished Barbara N Weissman ChairDivision of Musculoskeletal Imaging and InterventionDepartment of RadiologyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolStephen N Smith, PE (ret)Patient Perspective Author – Restless legs syndromeTimothy W Smith, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineScott B Snapper, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJames V Snyder, MDProfessor Emeritus, Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePeter J Snyder, MDEditor-in-Chief — EndocrinologySection Editor — Pituitary Disease; Male Reproductive EndocrinologyProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineJack D Sobel, MDProfessorWayne State University School of MedicineJonas M Sokolof, DODirector, Oncological Rehabilitation NYU-Langone HealthDepartment of RehabilitationRoland Solensky, MDLecturerOregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University College of PharmacyDaniel H Solomon, MD, MPHMatthew H. Liang Distinguished Chair in Arthritis and Population HealthProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMichael J Somers, MDAssociate Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolH Kaz Soong, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesW.K. Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMadhuri M Sopirala, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterMatthew J Sorrentino, MD, FACCProfessor of MedicinePritzker School of Medicine of the University of ChicagoRamesh Soundararajan, MD, FACPClinical Associate Professor of Internal MedicineMidwestern University College of MedicineTaunton R Southwood, MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FRCP, FRCPCHEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of Birmingham and Birmingham Children's HospitalDavid I Soybel, MDSection Editor — Upper GI SurgeryEditor-in-Chief — General SurgeryChief of Surgical ServicesStuart J Spechler, MDChief, Division of Gastroenterology Co-Director, Center for Esophageal DiseasesBaylor University Medical Center at DallasInvestigator/ProfessorCo-Director, Center for Esophageal ResearchBaylor Scott and White Research InstituteJacqueline Speed, MDNorth Shore Physicians GroupDenis Spelman, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA, MPHSection Editor — Bacterial InfectionsAdjunct ProfessorMonash UniversityFrederick A Spencer, MDProfessor of MedicineMcMaster UniversityJonathan M Spergel, MD, PhD, FAAAAIProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMeredith A Spindler, MDAssociate Professor of Clinical Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineDavid Spragg, MD, FHRSAssociate Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview Medical CenterCharles E Spritzer, MDProfessor, Department of RadiologyChief MSK Division Duke University School of MedicineThomas O Staiger, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicinePeter P Stanich, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDirector, Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary PolyposisThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterPaul Stark, MDProfessor of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoJoanna L Starrels, MD, MSAssociate Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical CenterWendy Stead, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolGraeme S Steele, MBBCh, FCSAssistant Professor of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolKatherine T Steele, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaAndrew Steer, MBBS, PhD, FRACPHonorary ProfessorDepartment of Paediatrics, University of MelbournePediatric Infectious Diseases Physician, Royal Children's Hospital MelbourneDirector, Infection and Immunity Research Theme, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteKatrina Steiling, MD, MScAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineJames H Stein, MDRobert Turell Professor in Cardiovascular ResearchDirector, Preventive CardiologyDepartment of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine DivisionUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMelissa Stein, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineMurray B Stein, MD, MPHEditor-in-Chief — PsychiatrySection Editor — Anxiety DisordersProfessor of Psychiatry and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoMarkus J Steiner, PhDSenior EpidemiologistFHI 360Michael Steinman, MDProfessor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco and the San Francisco VA Medical CenterTimothy R Sterling, MDProfessor of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineRichard H Sterns, MDEditor-in-Chief — NephrologySection Editor — Fluid and ElectrolytesProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryDennis L Stevens, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineDavid B Stewart, MD, FACS, FASCRSProfessor and Division Chief, General SurgerySouthern Illinois UniversityDonna Stewart, CM, MD, FRCPCUniversity Professor of Psychiatry, Ob-Gyn, Medicine, Surgery, Anesthesia, and Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Toronto and University Health NetworkElizabeth A Stewart, MDConsultant and Professor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMayo Clinic and Alix School of MedicineMaxine Stitzer, PhDEmerita Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineSenior Research ScientistFriends Research Institute, BaltimoreElena Stoffel, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Internal Medicine, Division of GastroenterologyDirector, Cancer Genetics ClinicUniversity of MichiganAndrew Stolbach, MD, MPH, FAACT, FACMT, FACEPAssociate Professor of Emergency MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityJames K Stoller, MD, MSSection Editor — Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseJean Wall Bennett Professor of Medicine, Samson Global Leadership Academy Endowed ChairCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineChairman, Education Institute, Cleveland ClinicKatherine M Stone, MDMedical EpidemiologistKimberly P Stone, MD, MS, MAAssociate Professor of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonKaren Stout, MDProfessorCardiology/Medicine and PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonJeffrey Stovall, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryVanderbilt School of MedicineDiane E Stover, MDEditor — Respiratory InfectionsChief, Pulmonary ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMichael Stowasser, MDDirectorEndocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteGreenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, AustraliaAndrea Stracciolini, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolEric Strain, MDDirector, Johns Hopkins Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and ResearchDirector, Behavioral Pharmacology Research UnitJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineLisa Strate, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington Medical SchoolPamela Stratton, MDSenior GynecologistIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthCarrie Tompkins Stricker, PhD, RN, ANP-BCAssociate Professor, College of Nursing Adjunct Faculty and Associate Director, Digital Health Scholarly Inquiry trackSidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityBruce E Strober, MD, PhDClinical ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineJonathan R Strosberg, MDProfessorDepartment of Gastrointestinal OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterJared Strote, MD, MSProfessor of Emergency MedicineUniversity of WashingtonKeith E Stuart, MDVice Chair, Hematology and Oncology Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterProfessor of Medicine,Tufts University School of MedicineMichael D Stubblefield, MDNational Medical Director for Cancer RehabilitationSelect Medical CorporationMedical Director for Cancer RehabilitationKessler Institute for RehabilitationJason R Stubbs, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology & HypertensionUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterAlan Sugar, MDProfessor and Vice Chair, Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWK Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolKathryn N Suh, MD, FRCPCProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Ottawa, CanadaHille Suojalehto, MD, PhDChief physician, adjunct professorFinnish Institute of Occupational HealthRakesh M Suri, MD, DPhilProfessor of SurgeryCleveland ClinicMartin I Surks, MDProfessor of Medicine and PathologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBernhard Suter, MDAssistant Professor, Pediatrics & NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineV Reid Sutton, MDProfessor of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineAnna Svatikova, MD, PhDSenior Associate Consultant, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo ClinicAssistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo ClinicHolly A Swartz, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMary M Sweeney, PhDInstructor of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Bayview Medical CenterSusan Swetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirector, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma ProgramPhysician Leader, Cancer Care Program in Cutaneous OncologyStanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemReema Syed, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology and Pediatric Rheumatology Washington University in Saint LouisKaren L Syrjala, PhDFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterDavid M Systrom, MD, FRCPCAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarold Szerlip, MD, FACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKFClinical Professor of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaAdjunct Professor of MedicineTexas College of Osteopathic MedicineJonathan Taffe, MDShands Teaching PhysicianUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGeorge E Taffet, MDProfessor in MedicineRobert J Luchi MD Chair in Geriatric MedicineBaylor College of MedicineAlphonse Taghian, MD, PhDProfessor of Radiation OncologyHarvard Medical SchoolPaula Tähtinen, MD, PhDClinical Lecturer, Adjunct Professor Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuPatricia Tai, MB, BSClinical OncologistProfessor, University of SaskatchewanCanada Department of Radiation Oncology, Allan Blair Cancer CenterHonorary Professor, Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, ChinaClifford M Takemoto, MDSection Editor — Pediatric HematologyChief, Division of Clinical HematologyMember, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMalavika Tampi, MPHManagerAmerican Dental Association Center for Evidence-Based DentistryKathrine R Tan, MD, MPHTeam LeadDomestic Response Team, Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionPuneeta Tandon, MD, FRCPCAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Alberta, CanadaBaron Tang, PT, DPT, OCS, FAAOMPTFaculty at Evidence in MotionChristine C Tangney, PhDProfessor of Clinical NutritionRush University Medical CenterVin Tangpricha, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineJasmine Tan-Kim, MDVoluntary Assistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesUC San DiegoDivision of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryKaiser Permanente, San DiegoLynn T Tanoue, MDProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineKelan Tantisira, MD, MPHProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoMary-Ellen Taplin, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIra N Targoff, MDSection Editor — Muscle DiseaseProfessor of Medicine, Section of RheumatologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterPhillip I Tarr, MDMelvin E. Carnahan Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Molecular MicrobiologyChief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & NutritionWashington University in St. Louis School of MedicineDaniel Tarsy, MDProfessor of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolCharles T Taylor, PhDAssistant Professor of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoCole Taylor, MDAssistant Professor of Family MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesAyalew Tefferi, MDProfessor of Medicine and HematologyMayo Medical SchoolScott A Teitelbaum, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of FloridaScott Temple, PhDClinical Professor, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Hospitals & ClinicsDavid A Tendler, MDAssistant Consulting Professor of MedicineDuke UniversityEng-Kiong Teo, MDGastroenterologistChangi General Hospital, SingaporeGisela M Terwindt, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterAnjala Tess, MDAssistant Professor in MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJeanette M Tetrault, MD, FACP, FASAMProfessor of MedicineYale School of MedicineAngela Tewari, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, PhDKing’s College, LondonStephen Textor, MDProfessor of MedicineDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochester, MinnesotaGeorge Thanassoulis, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineDirector, Preventive and Genomic CardiologyMcGill University Health CenterMichael Thase, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineArthur C Theodore, MDClinical Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineDiane Thiboutot, MDProfessor and Vice Chair of Dermatology ResearchPenn State University College of MedicineGeorge Thomas, MD, MPH, FACP, FASNDirector, Center for Blood Pressure Disorders, Cleveland Clinic Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineKarl W Thomas, MDProfessor of Medicine - Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and ImmunologyWake Forest School of MedicineB Taylor Thompson, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolIlan E Timor-Tritsch, MDProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyDirector of OB/GYN UltrasoundNew York University School of MedicineJohn S Tipton, MDAdjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaStephen Titus, MDProgram DirectorBaylor Family Medicine ResidencyDerrick J Todd, MD, PhDInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAntonella Tosti, MDProfessor of Clinical DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiRaymond R Townsend, MDProfessor of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaErin E Tracy, MDAssociate ProfessorObstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolMarsha J Treadwell, PhDProfessor, Department of PediatricsDivision of HematologyUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital OaklandNathaniel S Treister, DMD, DMSc, DABOMAssociate Professor of Oral MedicineDepartment of Oral Medicine, Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineDivision of Oral Medicine & DentistryBrigham and Women's HospitalLeo L Tsai, MD, PhD, MScAssistant Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of MRIBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterJoel Tsevat, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine and Director, Center for Research to Advance Community HealthUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioProfessor of Population HealthDell Medical School, University of Texas at AustinFrank F Tu, MD, MPHVice Chair for Quality & Division Director, GynecologyNorthShore University HealthSystemClinical ProfessorUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineSusan Tuddenham, MD, MPHAssociate Professor Johns HopkinsTogas Tulandi, MD, MHCM, FRCSC, FACOG, FCAHSProfessor and Chair of Obstetrics and GynecologyMilton Leong Chair in Reproductive MedicineMcGill University, CanadaElaine I Tuomanen, MDChair, Infectious DiseasesSt Jude Children's Research HospitalDavid Turok, MDAssociate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of UtahDirector, Division of Family PlanningDirector, Family Planning FellowshipKatherine R Tuttle, MD, FASN, FACP, FNKFProfessor of Medicine, Nephrology DivisionKidney Research Institute, Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of WashingtonR Michael Tuttle, MDProfessor of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterMiriam S Udler, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolLaurence C Udoff, MDReproductive EndocrinologistGenetics and IVF InstituteLynne Uhl, MDSection Editor — Transfusion MedicineAssociate Professor of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolJürgen Unützer, MD, MPHProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of WashingtonD Scott Upton, MDSports MedicinePrivate Practice, San DiegoRenata R Urban, MDAssociate ProfessorGynecologic OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineRobert G Uzzo, MD, MBA, FACSG. Willing "Wing" Pepper Chair in Cancer ResearchProfessor and Chairman, Department of SurgeryAdjunct Professor of Bioengineering, Temple University College of EngineeringFox Chase Cancer CenterTemple University School of MedicineNimish B Vakil, MD, AGAF, FACP, FACG, FASGEClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMichael Van Ameringen, MDProfessor of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityFoke van Delft, MD, FEBGHDepartment of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRadboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsSanne M van der Kooij, MD, PhDGynaecologistNoordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Den HelderRichard A Van Etten, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineAstrid van Tubergen, MD, PhDProfessor of RheumatologyMaastricht University Medical CenterJohn Varga, MDFrederick G Huetwell ProfessorChief of RheumatologyUniversity of MichiganJoseph Varon, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FRSMProfessor of Acute and Continuing Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonClinical Professor of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical BranchRamachandran S Vasan, MD, DM, FACCProfessor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineAaron Vaughan, MD, CAQSMMAHEC Family Medicine Physician, Sports Medicine DirectorPrimary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship DirectorUNC Health Sciences at MAHECSara R Vazquez, PharmD, BCPS, CACPClinical PharmacistUniversity of Utah HealthSanthi Swaroop Vege, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicPat R Vehrs, PhD, FACSMAssociate ProfessorBrigham Young UniversityAdrian Vella, MDProfessor of MedicineMayo ClinicShambhavi Venkataraman, MDChief of Breast Imaging, UMass Memorial Health Alliance-Clinton HospitalAssistant Professor, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Medical CenterElizabeth C Verna, MD, MScAssistant Professor of MedicineColumbia UniversityDavid M Vernick, MDAssistant Clinical Professor, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolSebastien Viatte, MD, PhDLecturer in GeneticsCentre for Genetics and Genomics Versus ArthritisThe University of Manchester, UKElliott P Vichinsky, MDSection Editor — Red Cell DisordersProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of California San FranciscoAnthony J Viera, MD, MPHProfessor and Chair, Family Medicine and Community HealthDuke University School of MedicineSimone Vigod, MD, MSc, FRCPCProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoAdele Viguera, MDDirector of Research, Women’s Mental Health; Assistant Professor in PsychiatryCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineSandeep Vijan, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAlessandro Villa, DDS, PhD, MPHChief of Oral Medicine, Oral Oncology and DentistryProfessor, Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineTodd C Villines, MD, FACC, FAHA, MSCCTProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Virginia Health SystemJeffrey Vittengl, PhDProfessor of PsychologyTruman State UniversityCharles M Vollmer, Jr, MDProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineTimothy J Von Fange, MDFamily Medicine and Sports Performance Clinical FacultySt. Vincent Family Medicine ResidencyFrans J Th Wackers, MD, PhDProfessor Emeritus of Diagnostic Radiology and MedicineYale University School of MedicineIhab Wahba, MD, FACP, FASNAssociate Professor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicineAnna Wald, MD, MPHSection Editor — Sexually Transmitted DiseasesProfessor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WashingtonArnold Wald, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, MadisonEllen R Wald, MDProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthRon Wald, MDCM, MPH, FRCPCAssociate Professor, Department of Medicine University of TorontoDavid Richard Walega, MDAssociate ProfessorNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineDaniel J Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineCedars-Sinai Medical CenterThe David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAEric Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamJeremy D Walston, MDRaymond and Anna Lublin Professor of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBill Walter, MBBS, FRACS, PhDProfessorUniversity of SydneyAndrew Wang, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Health SystemXia Wang, MD, PhDResearch AssociateAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDawn Ward, MDAssociate Professor, Division of Transfusion Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAKatherine T Ward, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterLee Warner, PhD, MPHChief, Women’s Health and Fertility Branch, Division of Reproductive HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionTerry Watnick, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineAlice J Watson, MD, MPHAttending DermatologistBrigham and Women’s HospitalAssistant Professor of DermatologyHarvard Medical SchoolLaura L Wayman, MDProfessor and Vice Chair for EducationJames H. Elliott DirectorOphthalmology and Visual SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterVanderbilt Eye InstituteDonald L Weaver, MDProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineDavid J Weber, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, Pediatrics and EpidemiologyUniversity of North Carolina Schools of Medicine and Public HealthPeter C Weber, MD, FACSProfessor and Head, Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical CenterJane Sumergrade WebsterPatient Perspective Author – Iron deficiency anemiaHarrison G Weed, MS, MD, FACPProfessor of Internal MedicineDepartment of General Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University College of MedicineMarilyn Weigner, MD, FACCClinical Associate Professor of MedicineThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityAmy Weil, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine and Social MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineAaron S Weinberg, MD, MPhilNational Director of Program Development & Clinical Research at Carbon Health Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Internal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterMelissa Weinberg, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoMiles Weinberger, MDProfessor EmeritusUniversity of IowaSteven E Weinberger, MDAdjunct Professor of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicineExecutive Vice President and CEO EmeritusAmerican College of PhysiciansDebra K Weiner, MD, FACPProfessor of Medicine, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Clinical & Translational ScienceUniversity of PittsburghGeriatric Research, Education & Clinical CenterVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemGerald L Weinhouse, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJeffrey Weinreb, MDProfessorDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingYale School of MedicineMelvin P Weinstein, MDEmeritus Professor of Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRuth S Weinstock, MD, PhDDistinguished Service ProfessorSUNY Upstate Medical UniversityAmy C Weintrob, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineThe George Washington University and Veterans Affairs Medical CenterBarry D Weiss, MDProfessor of Family & Community MedicineUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineGünter Weiss, MDProfessor of Internal Medicine and BiochemistryInnsbruck Medical UniversityScott T Weiss, MD, MSProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJennifer S Weizer, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of Michigan Kellogg Eye CenterPeter F Weller, MD, MACPEditor-in-Chief — Infectious DiseasesSection Editor — Tropical MedicineWilliam Bosworth Castle Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolProfessor of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthCorrine K Welt, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineKatharine D Wenstrom, MDProfessor of Medical ScienceAlpert School of Medicine at Brown UniversityJames C West, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesDeborah J Wexler, MD, MScAssociate Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolClinical DirectorMGH Diabetes CenterMark A Whealy, MDAssistant Professor of NeurologyDivision of HeadacheDepartment of NeurologyMayo Clinic RochesterStephanie G Wheeler, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonChristopher Whinney, MDClinical Assistant Professor of MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineKlane White, MDChildren's Hospital of ColoradoProfessor, Department of OrthopedicsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineChristopher T Whitlow, MD, PhD, MHAAssociate Professor and Chief of NeuroradiologyWake Forest School of MedicineHeather E Whitson, MD, MHSProfessor of Medicine and OphthalmologyDivision of GeriatricsDuke University Medical CenterHarold C Wiesenfeld, MD, CMProfessorUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineFredrick M Wigley, MDProfessor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineArek Wiktor, MD, FACSAssociate Professor of SurgeryBurn, Trauma, Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineRebecca S Wilder, BSDH, MSProfessor, Associate Dean for Professional Development and Faculty Affairs, Office of the Dean, Division of Comprehensive Oral HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of DentistryRein Willemze, MDProfessor of DermatologyLeiden University Medical CenterChristopher G Willett, MDSection Editor — Radiation TherapyProfessorDuke University Medical SchoolJohn Williams, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke UniversityMary Elizabeth Wilson, MDClinical Professor of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoAdjunct Professor of Global Health and PopulationHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthPeter WF Wilson, MDProfessor of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineStephan Windecker, MDSection Editor — Coronary Heart DiseaseProfessor of MedicineDepartment of CardiologyBern University HospitalJohn R Wingard, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of MedicineBeverly Winikoff, MD, MPHPresident, Gynuity Health ProjectsProfessor of Clinical Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityJohn W Winkelman, MD, PhDChief, Sleep Disorders Clinical Research ProgramDepartments of Psychiatry and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalProfessor of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolJoyce E Wipf, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFranz J Wippold II, MD, FACRProfessor of RadiologyMallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineAdjunct Professor of Radiology/Radiological SciencesUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesChristopher M Wise, MDProfessor of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemSelma F Witchel, MDDirector, Pediatric Endocrinology, Fellowship Training Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghProfessor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineBenjamin Wong, DSc, MD, PhDHonorary Clinical ProfessorDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongEric T Wong, MD, FANA, FAANProfessor of Neurology, Medicine, Neurosurgery & Radiation OncologyThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityJohn B Wong, MDChief, Division of Clinical Decision MakingProfessor of MedicineTufts University School of MedicineMelisa L Wong, MD, MASAssistant ProfessorDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoHelen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterBrian R Wood, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonGeorge A Woodward, MDSection Editor — Pediatric Signs and SymptomsProfessor of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineClinton B Wright, MD, MSDirector, Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthJason D Wright, MDSol Goldman Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Chief, Division of Gynecologic Oncology Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsJonathan L Wright, MD, MSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of UrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineAffiliate InvestigatorFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterMichael J Wright, MBChB, MScConsultant in Clinical GeneticsNorthern Genetics ServiceNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustTeresa S Wright, MD, FAAD, FAAPAssociate Professor, Dermatology and PediatricsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterDivision Chief, Pediatric DermatologyLeBonheur Children's HospitalJulian K Wu, MDProfessor of NeurosurgeryTufts University School of MedicinePeggy A Wu, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyUniversity of California, DavisVelyn Wu, MD, FAAFPAssistant Clinical Professor, University of Florida College of MedicineBlair J Wylie, MD, MPHProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Medical CenterJohn V Wylie, MD, FACCAssociate Professor of MedicineTufts University of MedicineJoel Yager, MDSection Editor — Eating DisordersProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineShadi Yaghi, MD, FAHAProfessor of Neurology and Vascular Neurology Division ChiefThe Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversitySri G Yarlagadda, MDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterAmber M Yates, MDAssistant Professor of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineDonald M Yealy, MD, FACEPProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineUniversity of PittsburghDaniel Dante Yeh, MD, MHPE, FACS, FCCM, FASPENProfessor of SurgeryUniversity of MiamiRyder Trauma CenterDepartment of Surgery, Division of TraumaJean Chiyon Yi, PhDFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterLinwah Yip, MDAssociate Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineKimberly A Yonkers, MDKatz Family Endowed ChairProfessor and Chair of the Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial HealthcareGil Yosipovitch, MDDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Miami, Miller School of MedicineAntony R Young, PhDEmeritus Professor of Experimental BiologySt John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonCraig Young, MDProfessor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Family and Community MedicineMedical College of WisconsinHonorary Senior ResearcherWITS Institute for Sport & Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health SciencesG Bryan Young, MD, FRCPCProfessor of NeurologyUniversity of Western Ontario, CanadaMichael P Young, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Nevada at Reno School of MedicineWilliam F Young, Jr, MD, MScProfessor of MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineAlan S L Yu, MB, BChirHarry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterDavid T Yu, MDEmeritus ProfessorUniversity of California Los AngelesElaine W Yu, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolShirley Yu, BSc (Med), MBBS, MPH, FRACPRoyal North Shore HospitalInstitute of Bone and Joint ResearchKolling Institute, University of SydneySydney, AustraliaShan Yuan, MDAssociate ProfessorCity of HopeMichi Yukawa, MD, MPHProfessor of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoMedical Director of San Francisco Jewish Home Acute Rehabilitation UnitTheodore H Yuo, MD, MScAssistant Professor of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicineMark Yurkofsky, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKimon C Zachary, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHoward A Zacur, MD, PhDProfessor of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineAndrea L Zaenglein, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PediatricsPenn State/Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterKen Zafren, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, FAWMClinical Professor of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical CenterFormer Emergency Programs Medical Director, State of AlaskaSalam F Zakko, MD, FACP, AGAFExecutive Director, Connecticut Clinical Research InstituteMedical Director, Connecticut Gastroenterology InstituteConsultant Gastroenterologist, Connecticut GIClinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of MedicineRichard D Zane, MDSection Editor — Emergency Medical Services/Disaster MedicineProfessor and Chair of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineJames L Zehnder, MDProfessor of Pathology and Medicine (Hematology)Stanford University School of MedicineJoseph Zenga, MDAssistant ProfessorMedical College of WisconsinChloe Zera, MD, MPHDivision of Maternal Fetal MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive BiologyHarvard Medical CenterYanming Zhang, MDAttendingDirector of Cytogenetics LaboratoryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterLida Zheng, MDAssistant ProfessorNorthwestern UniversityPeter J Zimetbaum, MDSection Editor — Cardiac ArrhythmiasProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolMark Zimmerman, MDAssociate Professor of PsychiatryBrown University School of MedicineSidney Zisook, MDDistinguished Professor of PsychiatryUC San DiegoHuda Y Zoghbi, MDProfessor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineWilliam A Zoghbi, MD, FASE, FAHA, MACCSection Editor — Valve DiseaseProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of CardiologyElkins Family Distinguished Chair in Cardiac Health Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center Houston Methodist HospitalStéphane Zuily, MD, MPH, PhDProfessor of MedicineNancy School of Medicine of Lorraine UniversityAttending PhysicianVascular Medicine Division, Nancy Academic HospitalFrancesco Zulian, MDChief, Pediatric Rheumatology UnitUniversity of Padua, ItalyBruce Zuraw, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoPeer ReviewersJamy D Ard, MDAssociate ProfessorNutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at BirminghamMark D Aronson, MDEditor-in-Chief — Primary Care (Adult); Hospital MedicineSection Editor — General MedicineProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolAmy Baernstein, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineJohn A Baron, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineCagri G Besirli, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of MichiganRobert D Blank, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinNikolas H Blevins, MDAssociate ProfessorStanford University Medical CenterBryan Bordeaux, DO, MPHClinical Instructor in Ambulatory Care and PreventionHarvard Medical SchoolLynne T Braun, PhD, RN, CNPUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberProfessor of NursingRush University College of NursingEliot A Brinton, MD, FAHA, FNLADirector of Atherometabolic ResearchUtah Foundation for Biomedical ResearchRoger Chou, MDProfessor of MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityColleen Christmas, MD, FACPAssociate Professor of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of MedicineSteven L Cohn, MD, MACP, SFHMProfessor EmeritusUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineGraham A Colditz, MD, DrPHNiess-Gain Professor in MedicineWashington University School of MedicineCathleen Colon-Emeric, MDProfessor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterGrant M Comer, MDClinical OphthalmologistKellogg Eye Center, University of MichiganJessica Cook-Mack, MDAssistant ProfessorMount Sinai Visiting Doctors ProgramJeremy L Davis, MD, FACSAssociate Research Physician, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteAssociate Professor, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesDaniel G Deschler, MD, FACSSection Editor — OtorhinolaryngologyProfessor of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolChristian Escobar, MDAssistant ProfessorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiDavid A Fessler, MD, MPHDirector of Clinical Practice, Whitman Walker Health, Washington, DCAdjunct professor, George Washington UniversityThomas E Finucane, MDEmeritus Professor of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineStuart Gitlow, MD, MPH, MBA, FAPAChief, Annenberg Physician Training Program in Addictive DiseaseMount Sinai School of MedicineAssociate Clinical Professor of PsychiatryMount Sinai School of MedicineRebecca D Glassman, MDAssistant ProfessorWestchester Medical CenterBert Govig, MDAssistant ProfessorMcGill University Medical SchoolKelly L Graham, MD, MPHInstructor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolJanis R Guilbeau, DNP, RN, FNP-BCUpToDate NP Advisory Board MemberEndowed Professor of Nursing University of Louisiana College of Nursing and Allied Health ProfessionsJohn R Guyton, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterMeadow Heiman, MS, LCGC, CCRCGenetic CounselorIndiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis CenterRichard M Hoffman, MD, MPHProfessor of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineHoward Hu, MD, MPH, ScDAffiliate Professor, University of WashingtonProfessor & Flora L. Thornton ChairKeck School of Medicine of USCUniversity of Southern CaliforniaDeborah S Jacobs, MDSection Editor — OphthalmologyAssociate Professor of Ophthalmology, Part-TimeHarvard Medical SchoolHarish Jasti, MDAssociate Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRobin Jump, MD, PhDLouis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical CenterAssociate Professor of MedicineCase Western Reserve UnivMartin Kathrins, MDInstructor, Harvard Medical SchoolPaul R Katz, MD, CMDProfessor and ChairDepartment of GeriatricsFSU College of MedicineIlona Kopits, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University Geriatrics ServicesJudith Korner, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterGeorge A Kuchel, MD, FRCPCProfessor in Geriatrics and GerontologyUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineMargot Kushel, MDProfessor of MedicineUniversity of California, San Francisco/San Francisco General HospitalBlandine Laferrère, MDProfessor of Medicine, Obesity Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsEdgar V Lerma, MD, FACP, FASN, FAHASGIM Peer ReviewerClinical Professor of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of MedicineJon D Lurie, MDAssociate Professor of OrthopaedicsGeisel School of MedicineThe Dartmouth InstituteMayce Mansour, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Medicine at Mount SinaiMicah T McClain, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDuke University Medical CenterKevin T McVary, MD, FACSDirector of the Center for Male Health Professor of UrologyDepartment of UrologyStritch School of MedicineLoyola University Medical CenterChristina S Moon, MDInstructor, Harvard Medical SchoolDirector of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of OphthalmologyMichael P O'Leary, MD, MPHSection Editor — UrologyProfessor of Surgery, Harvard Medical SchoolSenior Urologic Surgeon, Brigham and Women's HospitalJoseph G Ouslander, MDProfessor of Geriatric MedicineSenior Advisor to the Dean for GeriatricsSchmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityRobert M Penner, BSc, MD, FRCPC, MScAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of British ColumbiaMichael Pignone, MD, MPHChair, Department of MedicineThe University of Texas at AustinDell Medical SchoolIrene Rahman, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiHuma Q Rana, MD, MPHClinical Director, Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteAssistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolNancy A Rigotti, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolKevin L Schalinske, PhDProfessorDepartment of Food Science and Human NutritionIowa State UniversityMichael J Schneider, PhD, DCAssociate Professor, Department of Physical TherapyAssociate Professor, Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUniversity of PittsburghMara A Schonberg, MD, MPHAssociate Professor of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterSteven A Schroeder, MDDistinguished Professor of Health and HealthcareUniversity of California, San FranciscoWarren Silberman, DO, MPHMedical DirectorHarvey Watt & CoGerald W Smetana, MDProfessor of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolH Kaz Soong, MDProfessor of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesW.K. Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolJohn J Spollen, III, MDProfessor of PsychiatryUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineRobert L Stamper, MDProfessor of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San Francisco School of MedicineStephanie Studenski, MD, MPHDirector of Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging National Institute on AgingAlan Sugar, MDProfessor and Vice Chair, Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWK Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolSusan Swetter, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirector, Pigmented Lesion & Melanoma ProgramPhysician Leader, Cancer Care Program in Cutaneous OncologyStanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute/VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemMatthew RG Taylor, MD, PhDDirector, Adult Medical Genetics Program, Associate Director of Personalized MedicineProfessor, Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusLisa Tussing-Humphreys, PhD, MS, RDAssociate ProfessorUniversity of Illinois ChicagoJudith Walsh, MD, MPHProfessor of Clinical MedicineUniversity of California, San FransiscoRenda Wiener, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineInvestigatorCenter for Health Organization & Implementation Research, ENRM VA HospitalBrent C Williams, MD, MPHProfessor of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganMarion F Winkler, PhD, RD, LDN, CNSCAssociate Professor of SurgerySurgical Nutrition SpecialistAlpert Medical School of Brown University