Module 4 Flashcards by Kamilah Quisha Montalban (2024)

term used to refer to our dynamic perception of our own body, including how it looks, feels, and moves, attitudes and feelings about how we look, and how we think others see them.

Body image

Body image is a [blank] encompassing how we perceive, think, feel, and act toward or bodies.

multidimensional construct

Body image is [x] because it may change based on the people we interact with, the situations we find ourselves in, and cultural expectations.

dynamic

Our body image is influenced strongly by x and y, more so than by external evaluation by others.

self esteem and self evaluation

Body image can be powerfully influenced and affected by

culture, societal and cultural standards of appearance and attractiveness

are affected because of hormones that change our body and even how we think and behave.

adolescents

Adolescents are affected by x that change our body and even how we think and behave

hormones

an overarching idea we have about who we are - physically,
emotionally, socially, spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make up who we are.

self-concept

factors that influence in individual’s body image

media
society and culture
puberty
psychological culture

a book about women’s efforts to become thin rather than to accept the natural dimensions of their bodies–a book about the meaning of food and its rejection.

the obsession: tyranny of slenderness

who is the author of obsession: tyranny of slenderness

kim chernin

For girls, the strongest predictor of body dissatisfaction was

internalization

the degree to which someone adopts a sociocultural body as his or her own adopts a sociocultural body ideal as his or her own

internalization

factors affecting Relationship Between Weight Status and Body Image

BMI
Internalization
Social Comparison
Fat talk
Weight-related bullying

The tendency to compare one’s body or physique to that of the others

Social Comparison

Negative or derogatory comments about weight or body size.
includes food, eating, exercise habits, and body size

Fat talk

Overweight and obese youth are more likely to be the targets of weightrelated
bullying
○
Body dissatisfaction are related to higher prevalence of school level
teasing
○
Results to sadness, depressed moods, lower self-esteem, and higher
body dissatisfaction

weight related bullying

Barriers related to Physical Inactivity

Individual barriers (e.g. psychological barriers)
§ Social barriers (e.g. exclusion and teasing)
§ Environmental barriers (e.g. facilities)

severe restriction of food intake to unhealthy levels
that results in caloric deprivation

anorexia nervosa

characterized by binge episodes of overeating
followed by compensatory purging or obligatory exercise to counteract
excessive caloric intake

bulimia nervosa

binge episodes without an accompanying
purging method

binge eating disorder

One’s emotions around exercise and psychological mindset, including
motivation for exercise, are as important as the quantity of exercise
sessions

dysfucntional exercise

Parents tend to become more critical regarding their children’s
appearance, eating, and physical activity as they move into and
through adolescence.

helicopter parenting

rituals that mark important stages in an individual’s life cycle. These ceremonial events exist in all historically known societies.

rites of passage

original version of rites of passage

les rites de passage

came up with the term rites of passage

arnold van gennep

three stages of rites of passage

separation
transition
incorporation

ritual removal of the individual from everyday life

separation

period of isolation

transition

return and readmission back into society with new status

incorporation

military training is an example of what stage of rites of passing

isolation

college graduation, debutant balls what stage in rites of passing

incorporation/return or cooperation

Purification ceremonies means to

prepare the individual for communication with the supernatural,

Purification ceremonies means to prepare the individual for communication with the

supernatural

purification in the rights of passage may also be seen to have the symbolic significance of

erasing an old status in preparation for a new one

in the rights of passage may also be seen to have the symbolic significance of erasing an old status in preparation for a new one.

purification

Modern day rite of passage is achieved when

parents and communities create and participate in experiences that are transformative

modern day rite of passage aim to achieve what

increased status and to facilitate their transformation from adolescence.

also a test of endurance to the subject and a form
of sacrifice.

rituals

a ceremony undergone by boys in Burma and hailand where they become novice monks and temporarily live the
monastic lifestyle.

Poy Sang Long

Fulani tribe

what is ths structural functionalism perspective of rites of passage?

who said that rites of passage allow one to see the ways in which one should live within it

cliffor geertz

They invite new possibilities that are not within the current community
Crown-elect takes on a role of a commoner

rites of passage as an anti-structure

who coined rites of passage as an anti-structure

Victor Turner

element of right of passage: connected to a community development process rather than being solely intraphyschic phenomenon

paradigm shift

example where the crown elect takes on the
role of a commoner.
§ En route to his elevation as king, he experiences ritual humiliation.
This serves to remind the future king that his office is designed to
serve the people and their common needs rather than his own
self-interest.

Ndembu people of Zimbabwe

element: community discussion allows the setting of expectations

Community values and ethics

E; meaningful outcomes ultimately depend upon the quality of the relationships between youth and adults, and adults and the ‘rite”

Program success relies on relationships

initatiators of youth’s coming of age should be professionals themselves

You can only bring someone as far as you have been yourself

creating supporting intentional environements that transmit essential values and inform expectations for socially appropriate behavior

Rites of passage create expectations for socially appropriate behaviors

detailed sequences of actions that regularly followed.

rituals

sets a tone and impact climate in ways that help create a produuctive context for learning.

ritual

experiences that challenge the individual emotionally and/or physically which present opportunities to learn

adversity/personal challenge

helps a young person develop an internal dialogue for narrating and making sense of what’s going on. “Call to adventure,” an internal alarm clock awakening them to the coming-of-age process almost inaudible.

silence

stories passed down from previous generations that convey morals or cultural values

stories, myths, or legends

experiences that help individuals reliaze and appreciate tehir connection and interdependence on the natural devlopment

connection with nature

time intentionally set aside fro a person to reflect on his/her personal values, actions, and beliefs

Time alone for reflection

the opportunity to learn, value, and appreciate one’s connection to those who went before and the values and ethics theri heritage embraces

Connection with ancestral roots

the opportunity to help individuals find their “bliss” those activities that they can immerse themselves in with great passion, and from which they receive unbridled joy

play

the coming of age process through rites of passage includes the giving up or giving away of some aspect e.g. behavior, attitude, cherished item that characterized their former status. This process conveys a reality that change- leaving something dear in the past behind - is an integral part of transition

Giving away one’s previous attitudes, behvaiors, and etc.

the use of sanctioned behaviors such as vision quest, meditation, yoga, movement, and dance, play in the zone with sports and hobbies to experience ___

Non-ordinary states of reality

through the initiatory porcess, adolecents are oriented to recogize that serice to the community is an essential part of becoming a fully functioning adult in the society.

Obligation to service to a larger community

as recognition of their transition to a new sttaus, initiates may adorn themselves with some external symbol that symbolizes this attianment.

Changes of apperance that express/reflect new status

opportunities fro participants to demonstrate publicly newly acquired skills and status

Opportunities to demonstrate new competencies

community celebrations in which the new status inotiates is recognized and acclaimed

Celebration of status

changes in the reproductive organs.

Primary sexual characteristics

For males, the growth of testes, penis, scrotum, or spermarche (first ejacul*tion of sem*n).

Primary sexual characteristics

first ejacul*tion of sem*n

spermache

are visible physical changes but not directly linked to reproduction, but signal sexual maturity

Secondary sexual characteristics

behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations

Gender-normative

behavior that is not compatible with these expectations

Gender non-conformity

The framework distinguishes between stigma’s manifestations in society’s institutions (heterosexism) and among individuals.

sexual stigma

an ideology embodied in instituional practices that work to the disadvantage of sexual minority groups.

Structural sexual stigma or heterosexism

Two ways in which heterosexism operates

type of stigma that can motivate heterosexuals and nonheterosexuals alike to use various self-presentation strategies to avoid being labeled hom*osexual or bisexual.

felt sexual stigma

costs of felt sexual stigma

Costs:
◦ By avoiding gender nonconformity or physical contact with same sex friends
◦ Enact sexual stigma to others

A heterosexual or sexual minority individual’s personal acceptance of sexual stigma as a part of her or his own value system. This self-directed prejudice, which is based on the individuals’

Internalized Sexual stigma

This self-directed prejudice, which is based on the individuals’ acceptance of and agreement with society’s negative evaluation of hom*osexuality.

Self-stigma

It has also been labeled internalized hom*ophobia, internalized heterosexism, and internalized hom*onegativity.

self stigma

process whereby individuals develop, refine and learn to ‘do’ gender through internalizing gender norms and roles as they interact with key agents of socialization, such as their family, social networks and other social institutions.

gender socialization

is based on what you have in your body, it is therefore constant across time and cultures. It is the biological attributes in humans and animals.

sex

refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex. Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender-normative; behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non-conformity

gender

refers to people’s sexual interest in and attraction to others, as well as their capacity to have erotic experiences and responses.

sexuality

that is, your internal sense of being male, female, or something else

gender identity

When one’s gender identity and biological sex are not congruent, the individual may identify along the

transgender spectrum

which is simply your presentation (including physical appearance, clothing choice and accessories) and behavior that communicates aspects of your gender or gender role

gender expression

True or False: Gender expression may or may not conform to a person’s gender identity.

True

a person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional, and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different gender, the same gender, or more than one gender.

sexual orientation

gay men, lesbians, heterosexuals, bisexuals are examples of

sexual orientation

refers to a person who does not experience sexual attraction or has little interest in sexual activity.

asexual

is unwanted, repetitive, and aggressive behavior marked by an imbalance of power. It can take on multiple forms, including physical (e.g., hitting), verbal (e.g., name calling or making threats), relational (e.g., spreading rumors), and electronic (e.g., texting, social networking).

bullying

replaces the terms “nontransgender” or “bio man/bio woman” to refer to individuals who have a match between the sex they were assigned at birth, their bodies, and their gender identity

Cisgender

a term that is used to discuss intersex and variations in sex development by some medical professionals and community members.

DSD (disorders of sex development)

]refers to the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex. Behavior that is compatible with cultural expectations is referred to as gender-normative; behaviors that are viewed as incompatible with these expectations constitute gender non-conformity.

gender

An individual’s presentation, including physical appearance, clothing choice and accessories, and behavior that communicates aspects of gender or gender role. Gender expression may or may not conform to a person’s gender identity.

gender expression

A person’s deeply-felt, inherent sense of being a boy, a man, or male; a girl, a woman, or female; or an alternative gender (e.g., genderqueer, gender non-conforming, boygirl, ladyboi) which may or may not correspond to a person’s sex assigned at birth or to a person’s primary or secondary sex characteristics.

gender identity

is gender identity internal or external?

internal

refers to the extent to which a person’s gender identity, role, or expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex. This term is becoming more popular as a way to describe people without reference to a particular cultural norm, in a manner that is more affirming and potentially less stigmatizing than gender nonconformity.

gender diversity

refers to discomfort or distress that is associated with a discrepancy between a person’s gender identity and that person’s sex assigned at birth (and the associated gender role and/or primary and secondary sex characteristics)

gender dysphoria

refers to one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or something else

gender identity

is an adjective and umbrella term to describe individuals whose gender expression, gender identity, or gender role differs from gender norms associated with their assigned birth sex.

gender non-conforming

refers to a pattern of appearance, personality, and behavior that, in a given culture, is associated with being a boy/man/male or being a girl/woman/female.

gender role

positions gender as a social construct, comprised of traits and roles developed through societal expectations, rather than strictly biological determinants.

gender theory

Introduced the idea that gender identity is not innate but is developed through social and personal processes, emphasizing that one is not born but becomes a woman.

simone de beauvoir

Suggested that conforming to male or female identities involves significant repression of one’s potential ways of being, feeling, acting, and loving that don’t align with societal gender expectations.

gayle rubin

the act of revealing personal information about one’s self is a defining characteristic of intimacy

self-disclosure

relationships begins with superficial information, small talk

social penetration theory

intimacy develops when disclosure leads to the feeling of being understood

intimacy model theory

people will be satisfied in their relationship if they get what is proportional to what others give

equity theory